1434 (46 page)

Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, 86

Lorenzetti, Giulio, 73

Lovric, A. Z., 67–68, 69, 70

Lu Ban, 168–69

Lucien, 51

Lud, Nicholas, 117

Lud, Vautrin, 117

Ludi matematici
(Alberti), 161, 162–63, 165

Lumi, 45, 132, 134

see also
Papal States; Rome

Lunde, Paul, 40

 

Macedo, Justo Cáceres, 274

machines and mechanisms, 20–21, 166–96, 197–98, 199–204, 213–14,
217, 218
, 253, 266

Machinis, De
(Taccola), 182, 183, 184

Magellan, Ferdinand, xi–xii, xiv, 98, 101–4, 108, 110, 111, 112, 126, 129, 130, 238, 242

Magellan, Strait of, 78, 99, 101, 102–3, 112, 122, 126, 129, 130, 131

Ma Ha, 18

Mahdi, Al-, 52

Ma Huan, 43–44, 79

maize, 252, 275, 276

Makah, 266, 267

Madkrizi, al-, 52–53, 57

Malacca, 11, 40, 41, 239, 240

Malacca Strait, 39

Malik an-Nasir, al-, Sultan, 52

Mamluks, 45, 46, 53, 54, 58, 59, 72

mandarins, 3–5, 6

Mansur, Abu Ja'far al-, 52

Mantegna, Andrea, 214

Mantua, 76, 85

Manuel I, king of Portugal, 117

Maoris, 258–59, 260

map (s), 252, 286

Alberti's, 164–65

Chinese, 45, 47, 48, 70–71, 129, 130, 238–41, 272, 275

colored symbols on, 68

Columbus, 106–7

Conti's acquisition of, 44, 79

copies of, 235–36

di Virga's, 66

at Doges' Palace, 73–74, 77, 103, 128, 129, 130

Dom Pedro's, 78

German, with Dalmatian names, 68

Harris, 128, 272

Leonardo's, 165

Liu Gang's 1418, 273

Mamluk authorities on, 59

Marco Polo's, 128, 129, 130

Martellus's, 127–28

Medici family's patronage of, 87, 89, 157, 205

Piri Reis, xii, 130–31

Pizzigano's 1424, 73, 151

Portuguese, 101, 102

Regiomontanus's, 97–98, 108, 149, 153–54, 158

René II's, 116

Schöner's, 98, 99–100, 103–4, 107, 110, 112–14, 130, 131

Shanhai Yudi Quantu
, 130

Toscanelli's, 94–96, 97–98, 104, 119–26, 147, 158

Waldseemüller's 1507, xi, xii, 99, 103, 106–7, 110–28, 129, 238, 265

world, 9, 29, 89, 116, 238–41

Zatta's, 265

Zhu Siben's, 128

see also
Green Globe, of 1506

Mariano di Jacopo, 178

see also
Taccola, Mariano di Jacopo “the Jackdaw”

Martellus, Henricus, 127–28

Martinez de Roriz, Canon, 104

see also
Martins, Canon Fernan

Martin of Bohemia, 102

Martins, Canon Fernan, 94–97, 98, 118–19, 121, 126, 136, 140

Martin V, king of Aragon, 285

Martyrdom of the Franciscan Friars, The
(Lorenzetti), 86

Masaccio, 156–57

Ma Sa Yi Hei, 18

Maskelyne, Nevil, 152–53

Mästlin, Michael, 248

mathematics, 16, 125, 142, 145, 147–49, 176, 250, 251, 253, 254

Matzen, Andrew, 261

Mauro, Fra, 73, 89

Maya, the, 260, 279, 287

Mayer, Simon, 250

Mayor of Zalamea, The
(Calderón de la Barca), 282

Ma Zheng, 19

McGee, Timothy J., 88

McMillan, Hamilton, 242

Mecca, 23, 44, 45, 46, 47, 52, 56

Mechanical Problems, The
, 187

Medici, Cosimo de', 89, 90, 205

Medici, Giovanni de', 87, 88, 93

Medici, Lorenzo de', 90, 117

Medici family, 87–88, 89–90, 93, 157, 158, 200, 204–5, 219, 224

medicine, Arab and Chinese, 237

Medina-Sidonia, duchess of, 240, 242

Mediterranean, xv, 41, 43, 48, 53, 58, 59, 63, 70, 71, 77, 86, 201

Mengxi Bitan
(Shen), 231

mensa
, 88–89, 158

Menzies, Marcella, xiii, 50, 65, 66, 75, 106, 115, 166, 177, 181, 206, 214, 273

Merchant of Predo, The
(Origo), 58

Mesta, the, 282–83

Milan, 89, 166, 201, 210–11, 212, 214–15, 236, 253

Ming dynasty, 4, 5, 8, 9, 18, 19, 24, 37, 45, 54, 64, 132–33, 134, 137, 188, 227, 232–33, 239, 266

Ming Shi-lu
, 5, 10, 45, 47, 48, 266

Ming Shi Waigua Zhuan
, 47

Mirabilia
(Sévérac), 73

mirrors, 183

Misr, 50, 51–52, 53–54

see also
Cairo

Mithridates II, 197

Mocenigo, Tommaso, 76, 198

Mongols, 5, 6, 54–55, 69, 70, 80,
80
, 81–82, 86–87,
135
, 221, 269

see also
Avars

monsoons, 39, 42

moon, 26, 27, 29–38, 43, 90–91, 92, 135, 137, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 243, 250

Morocco, 45

Morrison, Tony, 130

mortars, 16, 174, 221, 222, 223, 253

Mosili, 47

see also
Cairo

Muhammad, 55

Mui, Rosa, 26, 250

Muiz, Caliph, 51–52

Müller, Johann, 143

see also
Regiomontanus

München Codex 197
, 223

Munoz, Inez, 280

Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, 271–72

music, 236, 251

muskets, 219

Muslims, 18–19, 23–24, 44, 45, 124

see also
Islam

 

Nanjing

astronomers in, 35

language school in, 124

navigation from, 6, 33, 36, 37, 39

shipbuilding in, 11

Zheng He 2002 conference at, 239

Zhu Di's victory at, 4

Narwhal
, HMS, 30, 32, 65

Native Americans, 71

see also
Indians, North American

Natural History
(Pliny), 51

Nautical Almanac
, 152–53

navigation

Arab, 17–19, 40, 154

author's experience in, 144

Chinese, 17, 18, 27–39, 40–43, 128, 129, 139–40, 149–51, 238, 241, 272

ephemeris tables for, 43, 98, 112, 140, 144–48, 149–53, 164, 187, 237, 243, 244, 245

importance of improved techniques for, 17, 19, 29, 252

inscriptions on charts, vii from Nanjing, 6, 33, 36, 37, 39

Peruvian, 274

printing valuable for, 235–36

“Starry Night” software for, 90, 150–51

sun declination tables for, 72, 138–39, 140, 146–47, 156, 158, 160, 243

Venetian, 72

see also specific navigational tools; specific navigators

“Navigator Ahmad Ibn Majid, The” (Lunde), 40

Necho II, pharaoh, 50, 51

Needham, Joseph, 15, 21, 139, 149, 153, 161, 164, 170, 189–90, 197, 203–4, 209, 218, 219, 223, 232–33, 234

Nei Kulan, 132–33

Nelson, Horatio, 41

Newman, Thomas M., 266

New Theory of Planets, A
(Peurbach), 143–44

Newton, Sir Isaac, 27, 247, 250

New World, 140, 144, 152, 157, 237, 241, 243, 252

see also
America; North America; South America

New Zealand, 257–63, 264, 276

Ng Say Tiong, 27

Nicholas of Cusa, 88, 121, 126, 134, 141–42, 143, 145–46, 154, 155, 158, 163, 243, 245, 248, 251, 254

Nicholas V, pope, 158

Nilometer, 52

Noble Spaniard, The
(Maugham), 281–82

Nom de l'Amérique, Le
(Ronsin), 118

North America

Chinese expedition to, 9, 43

Chinese horses in, 252, 277

copper in, 252

Croatian expedition to, 66–67, 70–71, 241–42

maps of, xii, 73–74, 77, 112–13, 128, 129

tsunami in, 266–69

see also
America; New World; South America

North Pole, 9, 32, 33, 42

see also
Arctic Pole

Notay, pope, 158

Notebook on Sea Bottom Currents
, 17

Notes on the Barbarians
, 9

Notes on the Barbarians in the Western Oceans
, 47

Novick, Gabriel, 271

Nujun AzZahira Fi Mulek Misr Wal Kahira, Al
(Tagri Birdi), 44

Nung Shu
, 20–21,
175
, 188, 189–94, 195, 197–98, 201–2, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 232

 

oak, 72

observatories, 23, 137, 145, 260, 261

Oliver, John, 34

Olschki, Leonardo, 86–87

Omar Khayyám, 287

Onslaught
, HMS, 12

operas
, 88

Oregon, Chinese presence, 263–65

Orellana, Francisco de, 280, 281

Oriental Ceramic Society of France, 53

Origo, Iris, 58, 82

Ospedale Maggiore
(Filarete), 216

Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, 69, 70, 92

Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports, 266–67

 

Pachacuti, 276

Pacific Ocean, 110, 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 128, 129, 130, 131, 238, 242, 270, 277, 281

Pan Biao, 11

Papal States, xv, 45, 87, 132–33, 134, 205

see also
Catholic Church; Jesuits;
specific popes

parachute, 169,
170
, 175, 177–79, 196

Parenti, Marco, 98

Parsons, William, 212

Pascal, Blaise, 15–16

Passaro, Berenzo de, 212

Patagonia, xiii, 67, 101, 130, 131

Paul III, pope, 245

Paulus the Physician, 119

see also
Toscanelli, Paolo

Payn, Marshall, 34

Pazzi family, 224

pearls, 20, 21, 96, 114, 120, 122, 125, 126, 133

Peckar, Stephen F., 261

Pedro, Dom, king of Portugal, 73, 77, 78, 79, 102, 126

Pelletier, Monique, 127

pepper, 95, 119, 122, 125

Pepys, Samuel, 24

perfume, 57, 58

Perii, Marijana, 69

Persia, Persians, 47, 57, 197, 219

Persian Gulf, 41, 43, 47, 239

perspective, 90, 143, 156–57, 158, 159–63, 165, 176, 195–96, 251, 253

Peru, 252, 269–70, 271–76, 280

Peruzzi family, 74

Peters, Winston, 259

Peter the Great, czar of Russia, 72

Peurbach, 143, 144, 145, 156, 246

Philippines, 68, 102

Pian del Carpine, Giovanni da, 73

Piero Averlino, Antonio di, 216

see also
Filarete

Pigafetta, Antonio, 102

pigs, 215, 262, 268, 278

pine, 11, 72

Pinturicchio, 133, 134

Pisa, 84, 89, 165, 204, 248

Pisanello, Antonio, 76, 79–81, 134,
135
, 214, 254

Pius II, pope, 133, 134, 205

Pizarro, Francisco, 253, 272, 273, 274, 275, 278, 280, 281, 287

Pizarro family, 278, 280, 282, 283

Pizzigano, Zuane, 73, 151

planets, 26, 27, 29–38, 135, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153–54, 157, 159, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253

see also
Jupiter

Plato, 57

Pliny, 51

plumb lines, 16

Polaris, 26, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 42, 43

Pollux, 43

Polo, Bellela, 129

Polo, Marco, 65, 73, 77, 79, 95, 103, 120, 122–23, 124–25, 126, 128, 129, 171–72, 207

Polo, Niccolò, 73, 95, 120, 123

polynyas
, 32

Ponce de León, Juan, 238

Poole, Stanley Lane, 46–47, 51

porcelain, 40, 44, 52, 53–54, 81, 266, 267

Pordenone, Odoric of, 73

Portugal, Portuguese, 104, 115, 121, 127, 239, 240, 241, 242–43, 284, 287

potatoes, 276

Powers, Major, 265

Prager, Frank D., 182, 183

Prazak, Charles, 242

“Pre-Columbian Discovery of America, The” (Cortesão), 241

Prehispanic Cultures of Peru
(Machedo), 274

printing, 125, 145, 174–75, 188, 231–37, 252, 253

Profiles of Foreign Countries
, 134

Promis, Carlo, 180

Ptolemy, 51, 132, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 153, 154, 159, 164, 176, 243, 244, 247, 249

Puerto Rico, 106, 126, 151

Pula, 133

Pulau Rondo, 37, 42

 

Qin dynasty, 48

Qing dynasty, 47

Quanzhou, 40, 46, 124, 174

 

Raban Sauma
(Odoric), 73

Ramusio, Giambattista, 73

Raspadura Canal, 130

Reconquista, the, 281, 282, 284–85, 286

Records of Journeys to the Western Region
, 9

Records on Tributes from Western Oceans
, 47

Redmount, Carol A., 50

Red Sea, 39–48, 77, 239

Red Sea–Nile canal, 45, 48–59, 70

Regiomontanus, 97–98, 101, 108, 112, 114, 118, 121, 134, 138, 139, 140, 142–54, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 238, 243–48, 251, 254

Reid, Anthony, 11

remainder theorum, Chinese, 147–49, 161

René II, duke of Lorraine, 115, 116, 117, 118