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13.  For a fuller account of the details of the charges relating to Surrey's armorial bearings see E. Casady,
Henry Howard,
pp. 194–202.

14.  The subsidy returns are not the most accurate guide to wealth, since it was a positive advantage to be assessed at less than you had, in order to pay less tax. However, Mary was not particularly in favour at this time and therefore this probably represents a reasonable assessment of her possessions. The baroness was Elizabeth, Lady Tailbois, the daughter and only surviving issue of Elizabeth Blount and Gilbert, Lord Tailbois.

15.  PRO, Prob 11/37.

16.  The date of Mary's death has often been taken as occurring in December 1557. However, a second grant to Thomas Gresham dated 19 January 1556 confirms that she was already dead.

17.  L. Stone and H. Colvin, ‘The Howard Tombs at Framlingham, Suffolk',
Archeological Journal
, 122 (1966), p. 161–8.

18.  Neville Williams believed that he had correctly identified PRO SP14/55/n11 as an account of the Duchess of Richmond's funeral. N. Williams,
Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk
(1964), p. 30. However, this is probably the funeral of the second wife of the 4th duke, Margaret, the daughter of Thomas, Lord Audley, who was initially buried in Norwich at St John the Baptist Church.

Epilogue

1.  T. Fuller,
The Church History of Britain
, III, p. 232.

2.  J. Loach,
Edward VI
, pp. 8, 11, 153–8.

3.  D. Loades,
Mary Tudor
, p. 146.

4.  C. Ferguson,
Naked to Mine Enemies
, p. 343. Since Henry believed his marriage to Katherine to be unlawful he would probably have disputed the charge that Richmond was also born in adultery.

5.  Sir William Paget was by this point a pivotal figure in Tudor government, one of two principal secretaries of state, an accomplished clerk and diplomat who helped lobby support among members of the privy council for Seymour's coup to raise himself up as Lord Protector after Henry died.

Bibliography

This is not intended to be a comprehensive bibliography of the period covered in this book. Rather it is a collection of those printed sources which best serve to illustrate the career of the Duke of Richmond and his immediate circle.

Place of publication is London unless otherwise stated.

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