How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine (53 page)

selection bias

semi-structured interview

sensitivity

sensitivity analysis

sequence generation, CONSORT checklist

SF-36 general health questionnaire

shared decision-making

significance, statistical

simple interventions

skewed data

snowball samples, questionnaire research

social cognition

social movement

‘social stigma’

‘soft’ science

Someren, Van

sources

pre-appraised

synthesised

specialised resources

specific educational intervention

specificity

spectrum of participants

‘splitters and lumpers’

sponsors and stakeholders

SQUIRE guidelines

stages of change models

stakeholders

standard current practice

standard deviation (SD)

standard gamble measurements

standardisation

standards, explicit and accessible

statin therapy

statistical questions, preliminary

statistical significance

statistical tests

appropriate

evaluation

statistics

STEP (safety, tolerability, efficacy, price)

steroid treatment, prenatal

stratified random samples

stringent criteria

stroke

anticoagulants

meta-analyses

methodological quality

structured reporting format

studies

case

cohort

design

in-/exclusion of participants

organisational case

original protocol

other-language

‘patients’

primary

process evaluation

psychometric

research question

(un)original

validation

withdrawal of patients

subgroups, complex interventions

retrospective analysis

subjective judgements

subpopulations

surfactant treatment

surrogate endpoints

surveys

cross-sectional

literature

longitudinal

Swinglehurst, Deborah

synopses

synthesised sources

systematic bias

systematic reviews

databases

evaluation

evidence-based practice

systematically skewed samples

t
-test

table, two-by-two

tails

target population

target variable

X
²
-test

tests

diagnostic

‘gold standard’

non-parametric

PSA

reproducible

screening

statistical

theoretical sampling

therapy

anticoagulant

CBT

decision-making

‘dice’

NSAID

statin

see
also treatments

therapy studies, trial design

thrombosis, DVT

time trade-off measurements

traditional hierarchy of evidence

transferable results

‘trashing’ papers

Treasury’s viewpoint

treatments

drug

non-medical

objective of

prenatal steroid

see
also therapy

trials

design

n
of

‘negative’

non-randomised controlled clinical

pilot

randomised controlled,
see
randomised controlled trials

triangulation

TRIP

tutorials, online

TWIST

two-by-two table

‘typical’ patients

underfunding

‘unoriginal’ studies

unquestioned assumptions

validation

clinical guidelines

diagnostic tests

validity

external

psychometric

variables

explanatory

statistical regression

verification bias

viewpoint of economic analyses

‘washout’ periods

web-based resources, EBM

Whole Systems Demonstrator

work-up bias

WTP/WTA (Willingness to Pay/Accept)