Howard Hawks: The Grey Fox of Hollywood (125 page)

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews
with King Vidor, Frank Capra, David Hawks, Andre de Toth, Joseph Walker, Al Keller, and John Kobal; the Columbia Pictures production, story, and legal files at Sony Entertainment; the lawsuit of Ben Kaufman vs. Howard Hawks and Donald Miller filed in District Court, Los Angeles, April 6, 1938; the records of the Directors Guild of America;
Variety; Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
,
by Slim Keith with Annette Tapert; the Hawks Collection at BYU; the Cary Grant books by Buehrer, Harris, Higham and Moseley, Nelson, Vermilye, and Wasnell; the Richard Barthelmess interview in the Popular Arts Project at Columbia University; the
Chicago Reader
.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with David Hawks, Barbara Hawks McCampbell, Joseph Walker,
and Al Keller; the Columbia Pictures production, story, and legal files at Sony Entertainment; the interview with Ben Hecht in the Popular Arts Project at Columbia University;
Ben Hecht: The Man Behind the Legend
, by William MacAdams; the Cary Grant books by Buehrer, Harris, Higham, and Moseley, Nelson, Vermilye, and Wasnell;
Life Is a Banquet
, by Rosalind Russell and Chris Chase, New York, Random
House, 1977;
The Columbia Story
, by Clive Hirschhorn, New York, Crown, 1989; the entry on Charles Lederer in
Talking Pictures
, by Richard Corliss;
I Shot an Elephant in My Pajamas
, by Morrie Ryskind;
Variety; Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
, by Slim Keith with Annette Tapert.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Jane Russell,
Meta Carpenter Wilde, David Hawks, and Barbara Hawks McCampbell; the Howard Hughes papers at Austin; the Hughes biographies by Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele, Peter Harry Brown and Pat H. Broeske, and Charles Higham; the interview with Lucien Ballard in
Behind the Camera: The Cinematographer’s Art
, by Leonard Maltin, New York, Signet, 1971;
Jane Russell: My Paths and Detours—An Autobiography
, by Jane Russell;
Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
, by Slim Keith with Annette Tapert; the books on Ernest Hemingway by Carlos Baker, Kenneth S. Lynn, Norberto Fuentes, Jeffrey Meyers, and Frank M. Laurence;
Variety;
the divorce papers filed for Athole Hawks by Norma Shearer in Los Angeles, July 24, 1940.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with
John Huston, Dick Moore, and Vincent Sherman; the Warner Bros. production, story, and legal files at USC; the Hawks Collection at BYU; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the American Film Institute in Los Angeles;
Variety
.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Jean Howard, Sam Jaffe, Lauren Bacall, Samuel Goldwyn Jr., Leonid Kinsky, David Hawks, and
Billy Wilder; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the AFI; production, story, and legal files of Samuel Goldwyn; the Hemingway books by Baker, Lynn, Fuentes, Meyers, and Laurence;
Jean Howard’s Hollywood: A Photo Memoir
, by Jean Howard;
Merchant of Dreams: Louis B. Mayer, MGM and the Secret Hollywood
, by Charles Higham;
Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
, by Slim Keith with Annette Tapert.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Christian Nyby, Hans Koenekamp, and Vincent Sherman; the Warner Bros. production, story, and legal files at USC; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the AFI; the Hemingway books by Baker, Lynn, Fuentes, Meyers, and Laurence;
Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
, by Slim Keith with Annette Tapert;
The World War II
Combat Film: Anatomy of a Genre
, by Jeanine Basinger;
Variety
.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Ella Raines, David Hawks, Barbara Hawks McCampbell, Sally Fleming, Andre de Toth, and Jean Howard; the Warner Bros. production, story, and legal files at USC; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the AFI; the Faulkner books by Blotner, Kawin, and
Oates;
Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
, by Slim Keith with Annette Tapert;
Variety
.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Lauren Bacall, Christian Nyby, Hoagy Carmichael, Meta Carpenter Wilde, Dan Seymour, Marcel Dalio, Sam Marx, Pat Marlowe, Jean Howard, Sheldon Leonard, Miles Krueger; the Warner
Bros. production, story, and legal files at USC; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the AFI; the Hemingway studies by Baker, Fuentes, Lynn, Meyers, and Laurence; the Faulkner books by Blotner, Kawin, and Oates;
Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
, by Slim Keith with Annette Tapert;
By Myself
, by Lauren Bacall;
To Have and Have Not
, screenplay by Jules Furthman and William Faulkner, edited
by Bruce F. Kawin;
The Big Sleep
, screenplay by William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, and Jules Furthman, edited by George P. Garrett, O. B. Hardison Jr., and Jane R. Gelfman;
A Loving Gentleman
, by Meta Carpenter Wilde with Orin Borsten;
Humphrey Bogart
, by Bernard Eisenschitz;
Bogie: The Biography of Humphrey Bogart
and
Bogart and Bacall
, by Joe Hyams;
Bogart
, by A. M. Sperber and Eric Lax;
The
Life of Raymond Chandler
, by Frank MacShane;
Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler
, edited by MacShane; “To Have and Have Not Adapted a Novel,” by William Rothman; “Who Cares Who Killed Owen Taylor?,” by Roger Shatzkin;
Howard Hawks, Storyteller
, by Gerald Mast; James Agee’s comment from his review of
To Have and Have Not
in the
Nation
, 159, November 4, 1944;
Sometimes I Wonder: The Story of Hoagy
Carmichael
, by Hoagy Carmichael with Stephen Longstreet, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1965;
Mes Années Folles
, by Marcel Dalio, Paris, Editions J. C. Lattes, n.d.;
Variety;
Cecelia Ager’s review of
The Big Sleep
, published in
PM
on September 1, 1946; the Motion Picture Association of America files at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Material pertaining to Leigh Brackett
comes from the Leigh Brackett Collection at Eastern New Mexico University;
Speaking of Science Fiction
, by Paul Walker, Oradell, N.J., Lava, 1978; an interview with Leigh Brackett and Edmond Hamilton conducted by David Turesdale with Paul McGuire, in
Tangent
, Summer 1976; “Leigh B. Hamilton,” an oral history by Juanita Roderick and Hugh G. Earnhart, Youngstown State University Oral History Program,
October 7, 1975; “A Conversation with Leigh Brackett,” an unpublished, undated interview with Steve Swires; “A
Comment on the Hawksian Woman,” by Brackett,
Take One
, July-August 1971; “Working with Hawks” by Brackett,
Take One
, October 1972; “From
The Big Sleep
to
The Long Goodbye
and More or Less How We Got There,” by Brackett,
Take One
, September-October 1972; Brackett entry in
Dictionary of
Literary Biography
, vol. 25, American Screenwriters, Hale Research Company, 1984; “Hawks bad mig skriva manus pa
The Big Sleep
, profile in
Chaplin 154
, Stockholm, February 1978.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Christian Nyby, Harry Carey Jr., William Self, Samuel Fuller, David Hawks, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Curtis Harrington,
Jean Howard; the papers in the Hawks Collection at BYU; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the AFI; the United Artists Collection at the Wisconsin State Historical Society in Madison; the Motion Picture Association of America files at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; “The Rise and Fall of the American West,” an interview with Borden Chase by Jim Kitses,
Film Comment
, Winter 1970–71;
the Borden Chase entry in
Talking Pictures
, by Richard Corliss; the Walter Brennan interview in the Popular Arts Project at Columbia University;
John Wayne: American
, by Randy Roberts and James S. Olson;
Shooting Star: A Biography of John Wayne
, by Maurice Zolotow;
Monty: A Biography of Montgomery Clift
, by Robert LaGuardia;
Montgomery Clift: A Biography
, by Patricia Bosworth;
Things I Did and
Things I Think I Did
, by Jean Negulesco;
Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
, by Slim Keith with Annette Tapert;
The Making of the Great Westerns
, by William R. Meyer;
The BFI Companion to the Western
, edited by Edward Buscombe;
United Artists: The Company Built by the Stars
, by Tino Balio, Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1936;
Howard Hughes: The Secret Life
, by Charles Higham;
Long Live the King: A Biography of Clark Gable
, by Lyn Tornabene;
Ernest Hemingway: Selected Letters, 1917–1961
, edited by Carlos Baker. Articles about Margaret Sheridan appeared in the
Hollywood Citizen-News
, September 19, 1946; the
Los Angeles Daily News
, January 3, 1951, and May 2, 1951; the
New York Times
, April 1, 1951; and the
Los Angeles Times
, April 22, 1951.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Christian Nyby, Samuel Goldwyn Jr., David Hawks, Barbara Hawks McCampbell, Samuel Fuller, Edward Lasker, Jane Greer, Virginia Mayo; the production, story, and legal files of Samuel Goldwyn; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the AFI;
Goldwyn: A Biography
, by A. Scott Berg;
Slim: Memories of a Rich and Imperfect Life
, by Slim Keith
with
Annette Tapert;
Life; Variety; Please Don’t Hate Me
, by Dmitri Tiomkin and Prosper Buranelli; the Montgomery Clift biographies by LaGuardia and Bosworth;
United Artists: The Company Built by the Stars
, by Tino Balio; the Howard Hughes papers at Austin; the Howard Hughes biographies by Barlett and Steele, Brown and Broeske, and Higham;
Howard Hawks, Storyteller
, by Gerald Mast.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Ken Tobey, William Self, David Hawks, Barbara Hawks, Edward Lasker, Jane Greer, Christian Nyby, Hoagy Carmichael, Frank Capra, Andre de Toth, A. C. Lyles, Vincent Sherman, John Lee Mahin, Paul Helmick; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the AFI; the Hawks Collection at BYU; the 20th Century–Fox story
files at UCLA; the Motion Picture Association of America files at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; the property settlement agreement between Howard and Nancy Gross Hawks executed on December 31, 1947, the interlocutory judgment of divorce filed May 28, 1949, and the final judgment of divorce granted in Los Angeles Civil Court June 6, 1949;
Variety; Kinematograph Weekly
, December
23, 1948, and February 2 and 17, 1949; “American Directors in Britain,” by Irving Silas in
Film and Theatre Today: The European Scene
, edited by Gavin Lambert and J. Clifford King, London, Saturn Press, 1949; the Ann Sheridan interview in
People Will Talk
, by John Kobal; the Cary Grant books by Buehrer, Harris, Higham and Moseley, Nelson, Vermilye, and Wasnell; obituaries of Victor Fleming and
follow-up stories in the
Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Examiner, Hollywood Citizen-News, Variety
, the
Hollywood Reporter, Motion Picture Herald
, January 7–11, 1949; complaints of Athole Dane Hawks vs. Howard Hawks filed in Los Angeles Civil Court, August 31, 1949, and February 10, 1955.

Sources for this chapter include the author’s interviews with Christian Nyby, Edward
Lasker, Lorrie Sherwood, Jane Greer, Larry Lasker, Ken Tobey, William Self, Robert Cornthwaite, Richard Keinen, Paul Helmick, George Sidney, David Hawks, Barbara Hawks McCampbell, Meta Carpenter Wilde, Arthur Marx, Erle Krasna; the RKO production, story, and legal files; the Charles K. Feldman Collection at the AFI; the Hawks Collection at BYU; the Motion Picture Association of America files
at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences;
The RKO Story
, by Richard B. Jewell with Vernon Harbin, New York, Arlington House, 1982;
Ben Hecht: The Man Behind the Legend
, by William MacAdams; “Christian Nyby Interview,” by Jim Davidson,
Filmfax
, August-September 1992; “There’s No Thing
like an Old Thing,” by Ted Newsome,
Filmfax
, May-June 1989; “Ken Tobey Interview” by Ted Newsome,
Filmfax
, May-June 1989; interview with Hawks by Ezra Goodman,
Los Angeles Daily News
, November 13, 1950;
New York Times
item, November 12, 1950; “The Real
Thing
,” by Glenn Lovell,
San Jose Mercury News
, June 27, 1982; unpublished Hawks interview by Glenn Lovell, December 6, 1975; the estimations of
The Thing
by Michael Crichton, Arthur C. Clarke, and John W. Campbell Jr. from
Focus on Science Fiction
Film
, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., A Spectrum Book, Prentice-Hall, 1972;
Groucho
, by Hector Arce, New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979;
The Ragman’s Son
, by Kirk Douglas;
Variety;
Hollis Alpert’s review of
The Big Sky
in the
Saturday Review
, August 16, 1952.