Ostkrieg (95 page)

10
. For Hitler's general views on foreign policy, see Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, 607–67; and Weinberg, ed.,
Hitler's Second Book
, passim.

11
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 8–9, 138, 144–45; Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, 654.

12
. Weinberg, ed.,
Hitler's Second Book
, 15–27, 48–54, 99–118, 160–74; Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, 247–50, and
Fateful Choices
, 56–57; Förster, “Hitler's Decision,” 31–32.

13
. Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, 249–50; Deist, “The Road to Ideological War,” 380–82; Weinberg, ed.,
Hitler's Second Book
, chaps. 1–6; Zitelmann, “Zur Begründung des ‘Lebensraum' Motivs in Hitlers Weltanschauung”; Vogelsang, “Neue Dokumente zur Geschichte der Reichswehr,” 434–36.

14
. Schmidt,
Hitler's Interpreter
, 158; Bauer,
Jews for Sale?
37–38; Jersak, “Blitzkrieg Revisited,” 376.

15
. Frieser,
The Blitzkrieg Legend
, 10, 13, 17.

16
. Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, 126–56, 607–67; Weinberg, ed.,
Hitler's Second Book
, 160–74, 228–38; Förster, “Hitler's Decision,” 33; Kershaw,
Fateful Choices
, 62; Jersak, “Blitzkrieg Revisited,” 570; Ueberschär, “Hitlers Entschluß,” 88.

17
. Deist, “The Road to Ideological War,” 390–91; Treue, “Hitlers Denkschrift”; Noakes and Pridham, eds.,
Nazism: A History
, 2:281–87; Overy,
Russia's War
, 34–35.

18
. Treue, “Hitlers Denkschrift”; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 219–22 and chaps. 7–8 generally; Deist, “The Road to Ideological War,” 383; Overy,
Russia's War
, 35.

19
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, chaps. 7–9; Deist, “The Road to Ideological War,” 374–79, 383; Geyer, “German Strategy in the Age of Machine Warfare,” 575, 581. See also Deist, “The Rearmament of the Wehrmacht”; and Volkmann, “The National Socialist Economy in Preparation of War.”

20
. Jersak, “Blitzkrieg Revisited,” 571; Herf,
The Jewish Enemy
, chaps. 1–3.

21
. Wildt, ed.,
Judenpolitik
, 35–60; Brechtken,
“Madagascar für die Juden
,” 176–85, 193–94; Jansen,
Der Madagaskar-Plan
, 236–39, 284–85; Nicosia,
The Third Reich and the Palestine Question
, 109–44; Jersak, “Blitzkrieg Revisited,” 571–72; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 132–35;
TBJG
, 25 July 1938.

22
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 274–75; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 135–36; Wildt, ed.,
Judenpolitik
, 55–57; Barkai, “Schicksalsjahr 1938,” 101.

23
. Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 136–39;
TBJG
, 9, 10 November 1938. See also Graml,
Reichskristallnacht
.

24
. Jersak, “Blitzkrieg Revisited,” 573; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 150–51 (Goering quote 151).

25
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 282–83; Herf,
The Jewish Enemy
, 46–49; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 151–52 (
Das schwarze Korps
and Hitler quotes 152).

26
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 283–84; Jersak, “Blitzkrieg Revisited,” 574–75; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 152–53; Domarus, ed.,
Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen
, 2:1049, 1057.

27
. Domarus, ed.,
Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen
, 2:1057–58.

28
. Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 136–39. See also Fritz,
Frontsoldaten
, 187–218, and “ ‘We are trying . . . to change the face of the world.' ”

29
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 12–14. See also Sven Lindqvist,
“Exterminate All the Brutes”;
Ehmann, “From Colonial Racism to Nazi Population Policy”; Smith,
Ideological Origins
.

30
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 15–16. See also Halder,
War Diary;
Baumgart, “Zur Ansprache Hitlers vor den Führern der Wehrmacht”; “Ansprache des Führers auf dem Berghof am 22. 8. 1939,” in Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 1, pt. 2:947–49.

31
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 16–24; Groscurth,
Tagebücher
, 202 (9 September 1939), 298 (18 October 1939); Müller,
Das Heer und Hitler
, 667 (doc. 45: Brauchitsch to Army Commanders, 21 September 1939); Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 240–44; Mommsen, “Die Realisierung des Utopischen.”

For the best assessments of Einsatzgruppen activities in Poland and the army reaction, see Rossino,
Hitler Strikes Poland
, passim. Other important recent works focusing on Poland as the dress rehearsal for later atrocities are Rossino, “Destructive Impulses”; Böhler,
Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg;
Westermann,
Hitler's Police Battalions;
and Rutherford,
Prelude to the Final Solution
.

32
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 25–28.

33
. Ibid., 27–28, 46;
TBJG
, 10 October 1939. See also Aly and Heim,
Architects of Annihilation
, chap. 4.

34
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 14; Aly and Heim,
Architects of Annihilation
, 149–59.

35
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 36–63; Friedländer,
Nazi Germany and the Jews
, 2:30–37.

36
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 36–63; Friedländer,
Nazi Germany and the Jews
, 2:30–37; Goshen, “Eichmann und die Nisko-Aktion”; Moser, “Nisko”; Pohl,
Von der “Judenpolitik” zum Judenmord
, 47–54.

For an extensive collection of documentation concerning Nazi policy in Poland and toward the Jews, see Noakes and Pridham, eds.,
Nazism: A History
, vol. 2, chaps. 35, 37. On demographic and academic experts and their role in shaping policy, see Burleigh,
Germany Turns Eastwards;
Aly and Heim,
Vordenker der Vernichtung;
Haar,
Historiker im Nationalsozialismus;
and Rössler and Schleiermacher, eds.,
Der “Generalplan Ost
.”

37
. Friedländer,
Nazi Germany and the Jews
, 2:16–17. For a detailed discussion of Goebbels's project, see Hornshøj-Møller,
“Der ewige Jude
,” and “Der ewige Jude.”

38
.
TBJG
, 17, 29 October 1939; Hornshøj-Møller, “Der ewige Jude,” 66–68; Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 46; Friedländer,
Nazi Germany and the Jews
, 2:16–24; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 249. Hornshøj-Møller also notes the probable enhanced impact of the ritual slaughter scene on Hitler since he was a confirmed vegetarian.

39
.
TBJG
, 2–3, 19 November, 5 December 1939; Hornshøj-Møller, “Der ewige Jude,” 66–68; Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 46; Friedländer,
Nazi Germany and the Jews
, 2:16–24; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 249.

40
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 68.

41
. Heinrich Himmler, “Reflections on the Treatment of Peoples of Alien Races in the East,” doc. NO-1880, Prosecution Exhibit 1314, Nuremberg Trial Documents, reproduced and translated in Bauer,
A History of the Holocaust
, 383–85. Browning (
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 68–70) also translates parts of it.

42
. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 81–101; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 320–25. For a detailed discussion of the Madagascar Plan, see Brechtken,
“Madagaskar für die Juden”;
Jansen,
Der Madagaskar-Plan;
Yahil, “Madagascar,” 315–34.

43
.
TBJG
, 26 July, 17 August 1940.

44
. Halder,
War Diary
, 28 August, 27 September 1939, 37, 62–66; Hitler quoted in Groscurth,
Tagebücher
, 385 (21 October 1939), 414 (23 November 1939);
TBJG
, 14, 17 November, 29 December 1939, 13, 25 January 1940; Frieser,
The Blitzkrieg Legend
, 20, 60–63; Förster, “Hitler's Decision,” 19; Ueberschär, “Hitlers Entschluß,” 91–92; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 373.

45
. Frieser,
The Blitzkrieg Legend
, 21–54; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 326–67.

46
. Frieser,
The Blitzkrieg Legend
, 55–59; Groscurth,
Tagebücher
, 223; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 326–67.

47
. Frieser,
The Blitzkrieg Legend
, 60–99, 320–53; Murray,
The Change in the European Balance of Power
, 326–32, 361; Reynolds, “1940,” 326–27.

48
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 383–92, 411–20; Müller, “Economic Alliance,” 118–36; Aly and Heim,
Architects of Annihilation
, 234–35.

49
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 383–92, 411–20; Müller, “Economic Alliance,” 118–36. See also Harrison, ed.,
The Economics of World War II;
Milward,
The New Order and the French Economy;
Overy, Otto, and Houwink ten Cate, eds.,
Die “Neuordnung” Europas;
and Müller, “The Mobilization of the German Economy,” 564–603, 711.

50
. Reynolds, “1940,” 328; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 396–97.

1
.
TBJG
, 7 July 1940; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 300–301, and
Fateful Choices
, 65–66.

2
.
TBJG
, 9 June 1940 (quote). On America and the Jewish press, see ibid., 16, 23, 26, 28 May, 2, 7, 11–13, 20, 22 June, 6, 18, 23 July, 5 September 1940.

3
. Ibid., 30–31 May, 16 (quote) June 1940. On fears of the Soviet Union, see ibid., 17–18, 28, 29 June, 4, 5 (quote), 11, 19, 23 (quote) July 1940. For the rest, see ibid., 11–12 January, 28–29 June, 5–6, 8–9, 20–21 July, 31 August 1940.

4
. Ibid., 30, 31 (quote) May, 2 (quote), 3 (quote), 9, 16, 25, 27, 29 (quote) June, 3 (quote) July 1940; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 298, 300.

5
.
TBJG
, 7, 9 (quote), 12, 16–17 July 1940.

6
. Halder,
War Diary
, 13 July 1940, 227.

7
. Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 300–303; Halder,
War Diary
, 13 July 1940, 227; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 397–400; Weinberg,
A World at Arms
, 117–18.

8
. Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 303–4; Leach,
German Strategy against Russia
, 57;
TBJG
, 20 July 1940; Shirer,
Berlin Diary
, 19 July 1940, 452–57.

9
. Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 304; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 32–34; Shirer,
Berlin Diary
, 20 July 1940, 457;
TBJG
, 21 July 1940.

10
.
TBJG
, 14, 17 November, 29 December 1939, 13, 25 January, 21 April 1940; Ueberschär, “Hitlers Entschluß,” 91–95; Groscurth,
Tagebücher
, 385 (21 October 1939), 414 (23 November 1939); Below,
Als Hitlers Adjutant
, 217; Halder,
War Diary
, 11 January 1940, 85–86; Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, 173.

11
. Leach,
German Strategy against Russia
, 53–57; Klink, “Military Concept,” 228–29; Halder,
War Diary
, 26–27, 30 June, 1, 3 July 1940, 217–21; Koch, “Hitler's ‘Programme,' ” 896–98.

12
. Halder,
War Diary
, 25, 30 June, 3, 11, 13 July 1940, 217–27; Förster, “Hitler's Decision,” 18–19; Klink, “Military Concept,” 241–51; Koch, “Hitler's ‘Programme,' ” 897–98.

13
. Förster, “Hitler Turns East,” 117; Klink, “Military Concept,” 240–45; Halder,
War Diary
, 18, 22–23, 25 June, 3–4 July 1940, 209–22; Hitler quoted in Koch, “Hitler's ‘Programme,' ” 896–97.

14
. Halder,
War Diary
, 22 July 1940, 229–33.

15
. Ibid.; Förster, “Hitler's Decision,” 21–22; Klink, “Military Concept,” 251–53; Koch, “Hitler's ‘Programme,' ” 903–4; Leach,
German Strategy against Russia
, 58; Ueberschär, “Hitlers Entschluß,” 96–97.

16
. Leach,
German Strategy against Russia
, 60–61, 64; Halder,
War Diary
, 22, 30 July 1940, 232, 240–41; Warlimont,
Inside Hitler's Headquarters
, 112.

17
. Ueberschär, “Hitlers Entschluß,” 96–97; Förster, “Hitler's Decision,” 15, 21–27, and “Hitler Turns East,” 118; Kershaw,
Fateful Choices
, 66, 208–20; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 402–3; Herf,
The Jewish Enemy
, 77–91; Shirer,
Berlin Diary
, 20 July 1940, 457–58.

18
. Ueberschär, “Hitlers Entschluß,” 97; Förster, “Hitler Turns East,” 118; Kershaw,
Fateful Choices
, 69, 78, 232;
TBJG
, 14 March 1941.