The Drillmaster of Valley Forge (43 page)

 

inspector generals in, 177

 

military alliance with America, 114, 120, 170, 171, 178–79, 223, 244–47, 275–76

 

in the Seven Years' War, 16–17

 

in the Virginia campaign, 244–47

 

see also
Paris

Francy, Jean-Baptiste Theveneu de, as FvS staff member, 48, 61, 65, 106, 188, 203

Frank, Daniel Marianus, 25–26, 42, 52, 73, 141, 203

Franklin, Benjamin, 63

 

American Philosophical Society, 49

 

FvS and, 211–12

 

recruitment of soldiers in Paris, 32–41, 43–46

Fraunces Tavern (New York City), 284

Fredericksburg, New York, FvS headquarters in, 180–81

Frederick the Great.
see
Friedrich II, King of Prussia

Free Battalions (
Freibataillone
), 16–17

Freehold, New Jersey, 150, 151, 155–58

Freeman's Farm, battle of, 56

French and Indian War, 90, 130–31

French Army FvS and, 230–31, 285–87

 

military alliance with the Continental Army, 114, 120, 170, 171, 178–79, 223, 244–47, 275–76

French Canadians, in the Continental Army, 120, 122, 124

French Revolution, 85, 195–96

Friederike Dorothea, Princess, 24, 28

Friedrich II, King of Prussia, 4–5

 

capture of, 17

 

FvS and, 18–21, 31, 188, 191–92

 

love of military life, 7–8, 13–21

 

Maria Theresa and, 8, 9, 12, 13

 

Seven Years' War and, 12–21

Friedrich Wilhelm I

 

death of, 7

 

as godfather of FvS, 2, 4

 

ties with father of FvS, 2, 4, 6–7

 

Galvan, William, 189, 200

Gaskins, Thomas, Jr., 261–62, 264–65

Gates, Elizabeth, 75

Gates, Horatio, 21, 53, 170, 238

 

on the Board of War, 58–59, 64, 65, 74, 291

 

Burgoyne and, 52, 53, 55–56

 

Conway and, 69, 74

 

criticism of Washington, 57–59, 70, 74

 

defeat in in South Carolina, 233–34

 

FvS and, 65, 75, 106, 109–10, 171, 178–79

 

in Rhode Island, 209–10

Gaudy, Baron de, 69

George III, 294

Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre, 180, 204, 231, 285

German Society of New York, 295–96

Germantown, battle of, 56–57, 69–70, 165

Germany

 

origins of, 3

 

see also
Prussia; Prussian Army

Gerry, Elbridge, 291

Gist, Mordecai, 269

Goltz, Freiherr von der, 291

Goochland Courthouse, Virginia, 263

Gordon, William, 54, 125

Grand Review of May 6, 1778, 114–16, 117–19

Grant, Charles, 122, 123–24

Grasse, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de, 268, 274

Graves, Thomas, 268

Grayson, William, 155, 157

Green, Ashbel, 88

Greene, Caty, 84

Greene, Nathanael, 80–81, 84, 213

 

British march on Morristown and, 225, 227

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 147, 163

 

FvS as second-in-command to, 234–71

 

need for recognition, 290–91

 

in North Carolina, 248–49, 256–57

 

in Philadelphia, 235

 

portrait of, 202

 

as quartermaster, 119–20, 124, 218–19

 

soldiers from Virginia and, 238, 241–42, 249–50, 261

 

war councils and, 142

Grey, Charles “No Flint,” 122, 123, 181–83

guard duty, 136, 195, 212

 

grand rounds, 195

Guibert, Comte de, 193–94

Guilford Courthouse, battle of, 248, 256–57

 

Habsburg dynasty, 3, 8, 9, 12, 13

Haldimand, Frederick, 282–83

Hamburg, 36

Hamilton, Alexander

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 159

 

as secretary of the treasury, 298

 

support for FvS, 77–79, 99, 133, 139, 166, 172–76, 277, 285–87, 288, 291, 293

 

support for Washington, 70

Hamilton Oneida Academy (Hamilton College), 299

Hampton Roads, Virginia, 244–45

Hancock, John, as mentor of FvS, 53–55, 65, 68, 212, 285

Hand, Edward, 215, 225

Harrison, Benjamin, 265

Hazen, Moses, 213–15

Henry, John, 66

Henry, Prince, 294

 

homosexuality rumors and, 42, 203–4

 

in the Seven Years' War, 17–18, 21

 

testimonials for FvS, 24, 45

Hessians, 144, 224–27

Hightstown, New Jersey, 150–51

Hohenzollern dynasty, 3–4

Hohenzollern-Hechingen, FvS as court chamberlain to prince of, 24–30

Holy Roman Empire, 3, 66, 86

homosexuality

 

FvS and, 42, 203–4

 

Prince Henry and, 42, 203–4

Hood's Landing, Virginia, 238–39, 243–44, 250–52

Hopewell, New Jersey, 145, 146, 149

Howard, Philip, 30

Howe, Robert, 232–33

Howe, William, 55, 120–22, 124

 

assault on Philadelphia, 56–57

Hudson Highlands, 147, 185–86, 209–10

Hülsen, J. D. von, 17

hygiene for troops, 194

 

Imlaystown, New Jersey, 149–50

incorporation plan, 215–21, 233–34

infantry

 

battalions as basic unit of, 126–27

 

Prussian Army, 10, 13–18

Innes, James, 252

inspector generals

 

Board of War and, 136–40, 172–79, 197–99

 

Thomas Conway as, 70–72, 82–83, 96, 97, 105, 113–14, 132

 

in the French Army, 177

 

FvS as, 81–85, 96, 105, 106, 107–8, 113–14, 116, 136–40, 169, 171, 172–74, 186–99, 204–27, 275

 

in the Prussian Army, 177–81

 

Jackson's Additional Regiment, 155–56

Jacobite rebels, 90

James River, British invasion of Virginia and, 251–57

Jay, John, 206, 291

Jefferson, Thomas

 

British invasion of Virginia and, 235–37, 240, 244–52, 256, 263

 

FvS relationship with, 238–39, 243–47, 291, 293

 

as governor of Virginia, 236–47, 249, 263, 266

 

recruitment for Southern Army and, 238, 241–42

Jockey Hollow, New Jersey, winter encampment at, 213

Jones, Joseph, 265

Josef Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince, 24, 26–27, 42

Josef II, Emperor of Austria, 31

Junker class, 4–6, 30n

 

Karlsruhe, 41–43

Kay, 17

King, Rufus, 292

Kings Ferry, New York, 171, 210–11

Kip, Hendrick, 232

Kips Bay, New York, 159

Knoblauch, Baron, 189

Knox, Henry, 161, 222, 231, 281, 284, 292, 293

Knyphausen, Wilhelm von, 149–52, 154, 155

 

in British Army march on Morristown, 224–27, 232

Kunersdorf, battle of, 17

 

“Lady Washington's Guards,” 182

Lafayette, Marquis de, 21, 35, 36

 

Barren Hill and, 121–25

 

British march on Morristown and, 225

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 150–52, 158, 160, 165

 

as general in the Continental Army, 59, 60, 70, 89, 117–18, 120–25, 223, 266–67

 

summons for FvS, 268–71

 

support for Washington, 70, 72, 74

 

Virginia campaign and, 245–49, 251, 256, 260–65, 266–71

 

war councils and, 142

Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 73

Landais, Pierre, 51

Langdon, John, 52

Laurens, Henry

 

as president of Continental Congress, 39–40, 45, 60, 63, 68, 74, 76, 79–80

 

support for FvS, 72, 75–76, 79–80, 86, 124, 125, 128–29, 139, 170, 171, 174, 175, 183, 184, 186, 198–99, 201

Laurens, John, support for FvS, 76–79, 81, 82–83, 85, 86, 99, 112, 115, 136, 139, 155, 171, 175–76

Lawson, Robert, 263–65

Lee, Arthur, 39, 60

Lee, Charles, 21

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 143, 146–48, 151–52, 154

 

capture by British Army, 130, 132

 

court-martial of, 154, 165, 169–70, 188–89, 201–3

 

criticisms of FvS, 130–33, 188–89

 

criticisms of Washington, 57–58, 70, 131–32

 

retreat from attack on British Army, 155–65

 

vilification of, 130–31

 

war councils and, 142, 146–47

Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 66

Lee, Henry “Light-Horse Harry”

 

British march on Morristown and, 225–26

 

Paulus Hook, New Jersey, and, 211–12

Lee, Richard Henry, 60, 249

L'Enfant, Pierre Charles

 

as FvS staff member, 67, 187, 198, 282

 

written regulations for Continental Army and, 187, 198

Leslie, Alexander, invasion of Virginia, 235–37, 239

L'Estarjette, Louis de, 45

Lestwitz Regiment, 10, 13–18

Leuthen, battle of, 16

Liegnitz, battle of, 17

Lieutenant's Run, Virginia, 255

Lincoln, Benjamin, 186

 

as Secretary of War, 288, 290

 

in siege of Charleston, 222–23, 233

 

in siege of Yorktown, 269

Lipscomb, Reuben, 172

Livingston, Henry Beekman, 95

Livingston, Robert R., 95

 

incorporation plan for Continental Army, 215–21, 233–34

Livingston, William, 226

Lord Stirling.
see
Stirling, William Alexander, Lord

Louisa Courthouse, Virginia, 263

Louis XVI, 33, 36, 114, 207, 230, 286

Lovell, James, 58–60

Lowell, James, 80, 178

Lüderitz, Ludolf von, 1–2

Ludwig Wilhelm of Baden, 41–42, 86n

Luzerne, Anne-César, Chevalier de la

 

FvS as escort for, 210, 222, 231, 285

 

portrait of, 202

 

Magdeburg, 1–2, 7

Manchester, Virginia, 256

Manual Exercise, 99, 109, 112, 129

Maria Theresa, 8, 9, 12, 13

Martin, Joseph Plumb, 111, 121, 122–23

Matson's Ford, Pennsylvania, 123–24

Maxwell, William, 141–43

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 145, 146, 160, 162, 164

Mayr, Johann von, 16–17

Mayr Free Battalion, 16–17

McKean, Thomas, 66

measles, 194

Middlebrook, New Jersey, 204–5

Middletown, New Jersey, 143

Mifflin, Thomas

 

on the Board of War, 58, 133

 

criticism of Washington, 58, 70, 74, 80

model company at Valley Forge, 97–105

Monmouth Courthouse, battle of, 150–68

Monroe, James, 85

Montesquieu, 11–12

Montpellier, 25–26

Morgan, Dan, 122, 123–24, 148, 164

Morris, Gouverneur, 175, 178

Morris, Robert, 44–46, 63, 274

Morristown, New Jersey

 

British Army march on, 223–27, 232

 

Continental Army in (1779–1780), 213–27

 

Continental Army inspections of 1779, 213–17, 219–21

Mount Vernon, 235, 289

Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, 241–42, 248–49, 251, 252–56

Mulligan, John, 299–300

mustermaster general, 218

Muter, Charles, 240, 242–43, 246

 

Napoléon Bonaparte, 3

Native Americans

 

in the Continental Army, 83, 120–24

 

languages of, 49

Nelson, Thomas, Jr., 244, 249, 266, 269

Neuville, Louise-Pierre de La, 173, 175, 178–79

New Brunswick, New Jersey, 170–72

Newburgh, New York, 275, 279, 281

Newburgh Conspiracy, 278

New Jersey

 

Baylor Massacre, 181–83, 186

 

British Army march on Morristown, 213–27

 

campaign of 1778, 141–68

 

Continental Army encampment at Morristown (1779–1780), 213–27, 232

 

Hopewell, 145, 146, 149

 

Monmouth Courthouse, 150–68

 

Springfield, 224, 225, 227

New Jersey Brigade, 141–42, 160, 162

Newport, Rhode Island, 179

Newport, Virginia, retreat by Tilly, 244–46

New York City

 

battles of 1776 around, 119

 

British Army and, 120, 226–27, 283–84

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 148–68

 

Continental Army protects, 274–75

 

Fraunces Tavern, 284

 

FvS residences in, 289, 295, 299

 

as home of U.S. government, 297

Norman, John, 205

North, William (Billy), 73

 

as FvS staff member, 201–3, 241, 268, 269, 272–73, 275, 278, 280, 283, 293

 

illness of, 272–73

 

portrait of, 202, 203

 

support for FvS, 295–97, 300–301

North Carolina

 

Cornwallis in, 244, 248, 256–57

 

Nathanael Greene in, 248–49, 256–57

 

Southern Army retreat through, 244

 

officer cadets, Prussian Army, 10