102 Minutes: The Unforgettable Story of the Fight to Survive Inside the Twin Towers (43 page)
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Authors: Jim Dwyer,Kevin Flynn
BOOK: 102 Minutes: The Unforgettable Story of the Fight to Survive Inside the Twin Towers
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Labriola, John
Laden, Osama bin,
see
bin Laden, Osama
La Guardia Airport traffic controllers
Langer, David
Larsen, Scott
Lasar, Rita
Lawrence, Vanessa
Leavey, Lt. Joseph
Leclaire, David
Lee, Stuart
Leone, Theresa
Lesce, Louis
level 4 mobilization
Levin, Neil
Levy, Malcolm P.
Lillo, Carlos
Lillo, Cecilia
Lim, David
Lipson, Moe
Local Law
Lombardi, Frank
Los Angeles roof rescues
Low, Robert
Lower Manhattan Cultural Council
Lucas, Patrick
Laden, Osama bin,
see
bin Laden, Osama
La Guardia Airport traffic controllers
Langer, David
Larsen, Scott
Lasar, Rita
Lawrence, Vanessa
Leavey, Lt. Joseph
Leclaire, David
Lee, Stuart
Leone, Theresa
Lesce, Louis
level 4 mobilization
Levin, Neil
Levy, Malcolm P.
Lillo, Carlos
Lillo, Cecilia
Lim, David
Lipson, Moe
Local Law
Lombardi, Frank
Los Angeles roof rescues
Low, Robert
Lower Manhattan Cultural Council
Lucas, Patrick
McCormick, Chief (father of Terence)
McCormick, Terence
McFerren, Kris
McGee, Paddy
McGinnis, Caitlin
McGinnis, Iliana
McGinnis, Tom
McHugh, Ann
Maciejewski, Jan
Macko, Bill
McLoughlin, Sgt. John
McMurray, Bobby
McNally, Ed
McNally, Liz
McQuaid, Mike
Maffeo, Joseph
Maggett, Steve
Mahoney, Sister Cynthia
Maikish, Charles
Malahi, Abdu A.
Mann, Alan
Manning, Stephanie
Mardenfeld, Deborah
Mardikian, Corine
Mardikian, Peter
Mardovich, Ed
Mariano, Sgt. John
Marrero, Jose
Marriott Hotel (3 World Trade Center)
Martin, Harold
Martin, Judith
Martinez, Robert Gabriel
Massari, Louis
Massari, Patricia
Mattson, Bob
Matut-Perina, Deborah
May Davis Group
Maynard, Keithroy
Meehan, Damian
Meehan, Eugene
Meerholz, Keith
Meldrum, Michael
Mercado, Wilfredo
Merrill Lynch
MetLife
MGM Grand Hotel fire of 1980 (Las Vegas)
Milanowycz, Greg
Milanowycz, Joseph
military jet scrambling
Miller, Stephen
Mizuho Capital Markets/Fuji Bank
Modica, Lt. Steve
Mohammed, Khalid Shaik
Mongello, John
Monks, Shawn
Morgan Stanley
Morris, Bill
Moscola, Sgt. Al
Mosiello, Fire Marshal Steve
Moya, Tirsa
Mulderry, Peter
Mulderry, Stephen
Murray, Ray
Mutual International Forwarding
McCormick, Terence
McFerren, Kris
McGee, Paddy
McGinnis, Caitlin
McGinnis, Iliana
McGinnis, Tom
McHugh, Ann
Maciejewski, Jan
Macko, Bill
McLoughlin, Sgt. John
McMurray, Bobby
McNally, Ed
McNally, Liz
McQuaid, Mike
Maffeo, Joseph
Maggett, Steve
Mahoney, Sister Cynthia
Maikish, Charles
Malahi, Abdu A.
Mann, Alan
Manning, Stephanie
Mardenfeld, Deborah
Mardikian, Corine
Mardikian, Peter
Mardovich, Ed
Mariano, Sgt. John
Marrero, Jose
Marriott Hotel (3 World Trade Center)
airplane hits north tower and
collapse of
deaths in
evacuation through
lobby
number registered in
Marsh & McLennancollapse of
deaths in
evacuation through
lobby
number registered in
Martin, Harold
Martin, Judith
Martinez, Robert Gabriel
Massari, Louis
Massari, Patricia
Mattson, Bob
Matut-Perina, Deborah
May Davis Group
Maynard, Keithroy
Meehan, Damian
Meehan, Eugene
Meerholz, Keith
Meldrum, Michael
Mercado, Wilfredo
Merrill Lynch
MetLife
MGM Grand Hotel fire of 1980 (Las Vegas)
Milanowycz, Greg
Milanowycz, Joseph
military jet scrambling
Miller, Stephen
Mizuho Capital Markets/Fuji Bank
Modica, Lt. Steve
Mohammed, Khalid Shaik
Mongello, John
Monks, Shawn
Morgan Stanley
Morris, Bill
Moscola, Sgt. Al
Mosiello, Fire Marshal Steve
Moya, Tirsa
Mulderry, Peter
Mulderry, Stephen
Murray, Ray
Mutual International Forwarding
Nagel, Lt. Bob
National Association of Code Officers
National Fire Protection Association
National Institute of Standards and Technologies
Naudet, Gedeon
Naudet, Jules
NBC news
Negron, Pete
Nemeth, George
Nestor, Michael
Network Plus
New Orleans
news reporters
New York Building Congress
New York City Emergency Medical Services
New York City Fire Chiefs Association
New York Crystal Palace
New York Police Department (NYPD).
See also
Emergency Services Unit (ESU)
New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
New York Times
Nicholls, Ed
911 system calls
Norman, Dave
North American Air Defense Command (NORAD)
north tower (1 World Trade Center)
National Association of Code Officers
National Fire Protection Association
National Institute of Standards and Technologies
Naudet, Gedeon
Naudet, Jules
NBC news
Negron, Pete
Nemeth, George
Nestor, Michael
Network Plus
New Orleans
news reporters
New York Building Congress
New York City Emergency Medical Services
New York City Fire Chiefs Association
New York Crystal Palace
New York Police Department (NYPD).
See also
Emergency Services Unit (ESU)
aggressive response of
command center at Church and Vesey Streets
communication problems with fire department
deaths in
February 1993 bombing and
helicopter rescue of 1993 and
impact of first plane and
radios of, vs. firefighters
New York State Court Officerscommand center at Church and Vesey Streets
communication problems with fire department
deaths in
February 1993 bombing and
helicopter rescue of 1993 and
impact of first plane and
radios of, vs. firefighters
New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
New York Times
Nicholls, Ed
911 system calls
failures of
Nogan, RichNorman, Dave
North American Air Defense Command (NORAD)
north tower (1 World Trade Center)
airplane impact
before attack
building staff of
collapse of
collapse of south tower and
collapse worries, first voiced
communications problems and
crisis seems contained in
death of firefighters in
deaths in
deaths in, on impact
elevator problems in
emergency operation run from
ESU teams reach
evacuation attempt in, before collapse
evacuation attempt in, below impact
evacuation ordered
events in, immediately after hit
fire commander and rescuers arrive at
fire-detection system damaged
firefighters and ESU ordered out of
firefighters attempt to set up operations on 70th floor
intercom system and
inability to escape
people at
people jump and fall from
pre-construction newspaper ad
rescuers pull out of
roof, attempt to gain access to
roof rescue of 1993 and
staircases damaged
staircases design
time hit
upper floors marooned without stairs or elevatorsbefore attack
building staff of
collapse of
collapse of south tower and
collapse worries, first voiced
communications problems and
crisis seems contained in
death of firefighters in
deaths in
deaths in, on impact
elevator problems in
emergency operation run from
ESU teams reach
evacuation attempt in, before collapse
evacuation attempt in, below impact
evacuation ordered
events in, immediately after hit
fire commander and rescuers arrive at
fire-detection system damaged
firefighters and ESU ordered out of
firefighters attempt to set up operations on 70th floor
intercom system and
inability to escape
people at
people jump and fall from
pre-construction newspaper ad
rescuers pull out of
roof, attempt to gain access to
roof rescue of 1993 and
staircases damaged
staircases design
time hit
Nussbaum, Arlene
Nussbaum, Jeffrey
Nussbaum, Jeffrey
Obama, Barack
OCS Security
O’Donnell, Soraya
Oelschlager, Douglas
Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
O’Hagan, John T.
Olender, Christine
Oppenheimer Management Corp.
Ortiz, Pablo
Otis, Elisha Graves
Otis Elevators
Otten, Michael (firefighter)
Otten, Michael (Mizuho employee)
Our Lady of Angels school stairwell fire (Chicago)
OCS Security
O’Donnell, Soraya
Oelschlager, Douglas
Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
command center
established
fire vs. police departments and
third plane and
Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York Cityestablished
fire vs. police departments and
third plane and
O’Hagan, John T.
Olender, Christine
Oppenheimer Management Corp.
Ortiz, Pablo
Otis, Elisha Graves
Otis Elevators
Otten, Michael (firefighter)
Otten, Michael (Mizuho employee)
Our Lady of Angels school stairwell fire (Chicago)
Pacheco, Wilson
Paczkowski, John
Palmer, Battalion Chief Orio J.
Palmer, Debbie
Pan Am building
Panigrosso, Marissa
Paolillo, Battalion Chief John
Paramsothy, Vijay
PATH trains
Paugh, Richie
Paul, Jim
Pearson, Capt. Tim
Pecora, Tony
Perry, John
Peruggia, Division Chief John
Petit, Philippe
Pezzulo, Dominick
Pfeifer, Battalion Chief Joseph
Pfeifer, Lt. Kevin
Phoenix, George
Picciotto, Battalion Chief Richard
Pierce, Sean
Pikaard, Barry
Pilipiak, Walter
Pink, Thomas
Pino, Bob
Planer, Bob
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Premoli, Sharon
Prospero, Stephen
Prosser, Anne
Prosser
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Puma, Patricia
Paczkowski, John
Palmer, Battalion Chief Orio J.
Palmer, Debbie
Pan Am building
Panigrosso, Marissa
Paolillo, Battalion Chief John
Paramsothy, Vijay
PATH trains
Paugh, Richie
Paul, Jim
Pearson, Capt. Tim
Pecora, Tony
Perry, John
Peruggia, Division Chief John
Petit, Philippe
Pezzulo, Dominick
Pfeifer, Battalion Chief Joseph
Pfeifer, Lt. Kevin
Phoenix, George
Picciotto, Battalion Chief Richard
Pierce, Sean
Pikaard, Barry
Pilipiak, Walter
Pink, Thomas
Pino, Bob
Planer, Bob
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
airplane impact concerns of 1982 and
asbestos suit and
building codes, WTC design, and safety concerns and
elevator blind shafts and
February 1993 bombing safety debate and
fireproofing apparently untested by
Giuliani attacks on
natural gas lines and
occupies 88th floor of north tower
public relations office on 68th floor of north tower
roof doors locked by
roof rescue not planned by
safety directors and fire command desks
Port Authority Police Department (PAPD)asbestos suit and
building codes, WTC design, and safety concerns and
elevator blind shafts and
February 1993 bombing safety debate and
fireproofing apparently untested by
Giuliani attacks on
natural gas lines and
occupies 88th floor of north tower
public relations office on 68th floor of north tower
roof doors locked by
roof rescue not planned by
safety directors and fire command desks
authority of, over firefighting
chain of command notified to evacuate building
command desk, calls for help and
confusion over evacuation of south tower and
deaths in
decision to empty both buildings and
officers ordered to evacuate north tower
police desk in Jersey City
Praimnath, Stanleychain of command notified to evacuate building
command desk, calls for help and
confusion over evacuation of south tower and
deaths in
decision to empty both buildings and
officers ordered to evacuate north tower
police desk in Jersey City
Premoli, Sharon
Prospero, Stephen
Prosser, Anne
Prosser
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Puma, Patricia
radio
Ramsundar, Silvion
Rappa, John
real estate industry
Reardon, Lt. Steve
Reese, Judith
Refuse, Marie
Regenhard, Christian
Reiss, Alan
Rescorla, Rick
Reyher, Kelly
Riccardelli, Francis
Richards, Michael
Richardson, Colin
Risk Waters
Risky Business
(children’s book)
Rivera, Fire Commissioner Carlos
Rizza, Paul
Robb, Ian
Roberts, Willie
Robertson, Leslie E.
Rockefeller, David
Rockefeller, Nelson
Rodriguez, Antonio
Romito, Inspector James
roof
Rosenblum, Andrew
Rosenblum, Jill
Rothemund, Linda
Roxo, Al
firefighters and
high-rises and
interagency communication problems and
orders to evacuate not heard by firefighters
police and
repeater problems
in south tower
Rahman, Sheikh Omar Abdelhigh-rises and
interagency communication problems and
orders to evacuate not heard by firefighters
police and
repeater problems
in south tower
Ramsundar, Silvion
Rappa, John
real estate industry
Reardon, Lt. Steve
Reese, Judith
Refuse, Marie
Regenhard, Christian
Reiss, Alan
Rescorla, Rick
Reyher, Kelly
Riccardelli, Francis
Richards, Michael
Richardson, Colin
Risk Waters
Risky Business
(children’s book)
Rivera, Fire Commissioner Carlos
Rizza, Paul
Robb, Ian
Roberts, Willie
Robertson, Leslie E.
Rockefeller, David
Rockefeller, Nelson
Rodriguez, Antonio
Romito, Inspector James
roof
decision not to attempt rescue from
doors to, locked
lack of rescue plan for
rescue from, of 1993
Rooney, Seandoors to, locked
lack of rescue plan for
rescue from, of 1993
Rosenblum, Andrew
Rosenblum, Jill
Rothemund, Linda
Roxo, Al
Salcedo, Esmerlin
Salovich, Steven
Sandler, Herman
Sandler O’Neill & Partners
Sasser, Christine
Savas, Tony
Schierenbeck, Bob
Secret Service
Segarra, Tony
Semendinger, Det. Greg
September 11, 2001, attacks.
See also
World Trade Center; north tower; south tower
Sereika, Chuck
Serpe, Anita
7 World Trade Center
Sheehan, Dr. George
Sheehan, Michael
Sheirer, Richard
Shibata, Yasyuka
shopping concourse
Sibarium, Rob
Siegel, Norman
Silverstein, Larry
Silverstein Properties
Simpkins, Gerald
Simpson, Lynn
Singer, Gigi
“situational awareness”
Skilling Helle Christiansen Robertson (WTC structural engineering firm)
sky lobbies
Smith, Al
Smith, Dorene
Smith, Lauren
Smith, Moira
Smith, Monica Rodriguez
Smith, Lt. Warren
smoke venting systems
Soloway, Andy
south tower (2 World Trade Center)
Sparacio, Thomas
Spera, Donna
“Spirit of Louisiana” (truck)
sprinklers
Stabile, Michael
stairway A, south tower
stairway C, north tower
stairways
steel structure
Suhr, Danny
Salovich, Steven
Sandler, Herman
Sandler O’Neill & Partners
Sasser, Christine
Savas, Tony
Schierenbeck, Bob
Secret Service
Segarra, Tony
Semendinger, Det. Greg
September 11, 2001, attacks.
See also
World Trade Center; north tower; south tower
number of deaths
number of people surviving
secrecy surrounding
September 11 Commissionnumber of people surviving
secrecy surrounding
Sereika, Chuck
Serpe, Anita
7 World Trade Center
collapse of
evacuation of
OEM evacuates emergency “bunker” at
Shaw, George Bernardevacuation of
OEM evacuates emergency “bunker” at
Sheehan, Dr. George
Sheehan, Michael
Sheirer, Richard
Shibata, Yasyuka
shopping concourse
Sibarium, Rob
Siegel, Norman
Silverstein, Larry
Silverstein Properties
Simpkins, Gerald
Simpson, Lynn
Singer, Gigi
“situational awareness”
Skilling Helle Christiansen Robertson (WTC structural engineering firm)
sky lobbies
defined
fire command desks and
north tower 78th floor
paradox of, in skyscrapers
south tower 44th floor
south tower security staff
south tower 78th floor
skyscrapers (high rises, tall buildings)fire command desks and
north tower 78th floor
paradox of, in skyscrapers
south tower 44th floor
south tower security staff
south tower 78th floor
building code of 1968 and
command post procedure and
danger of bombs to
exit stairways and
fire containment vs. total evacuation and
firefighting, elevators and
firefighting doctrine and
fires of early twentieth century and
police helicopters and
radio communications and
roof rescue not viable for
sky lobbies and paradox in construction of
Smiouskas, Lt. Richardcommand post procedure and
danger of bombs to
exit stairways and
fire containment vs. total evacuation and
firefighting, elevators and
firefighting doctrine and
fires of early twentieth century and
police helicopters and
radio communications and
roof rescue not viable for
sky lobbies and paradox in construction of
Smith, Al
Smith, Dorene
Smith, Lauren
Smith, Moira
Smith, Monica Rodriguez
Smith, Lt. Warren
smoke venting systems
Soloway, Andy
south tower (2 World Trade Center)
airplane hits north tower and
airplane hits
building staff
calls from people above impact
collapse of
command post on 76th floor of
confusion over whether to evacuate or stay in
deaths in
evacuation attempt in, after second plane hits
evacuation begun in, after north tower hit
evacuation ordered by fire desk
evacuees told to go back
few people jump or fall from
fire safety directors and command desks
lobby
911 system problems and
radio and firefighters in
roof of, attempt to reach
roof rescue of 1993 and
sky lobbies
some unable to escape during
stairway open but few know
stairwells in
stay-put orders in
time hit
Spade, Billairplane hits
building staff
calls from people above impact
collapse of
command post on 76th floor of
confusion over whether to evacuate or stay in
deaths in
evacuation attempt in, after second plane hits
evacuation begun in, after north tower hit
evacuation ordered by fire desk
evacuees told to go back
few people jump or fall from
fire safety directors and command desks
lobby
911 system problems and
radio and firefighters in
roof of, attempt to reach
roof rescue of 1993 and
sky lobbies
some unable to escape during
stairway open but few know
stairwells in
stay-put orders in
time hit
Sparacio, Thomas
Spera, Donna
“Spirit of Louisiana” (truck)
sprinklers
Stabile, Michael
stairway A, south tower
radiant paint
Camaj told to use
light strips and shape of
news about, doesn’t reach trapped people
stairway B, north towerCamaj told to use
light strips and shape of
news about, doesn’t reach trapped people
stairway C, north tower
stairways
blocked
building code reduces number required and lowers minimum fire resistance of
Empire State Building vs. WTC
end in mezzanine and escalator
firefighters need to climb
lights in
impact of plane and
improvements in, and speed of evacuation
north tower
not built for total evacuation
real vs. interior
south tower
transfers
wheelchair-bound stuck in landing
Windows on the World and
Statue of Libertybuilding code reduces number required and lowers minimum fire resistance of
Empire State Building vs. WTC
end in mezzanine and escalator
firefighters need to climb
lights in
impact of plane and
improvements in, and speed of evacuation
north tower
not built for total evacuation
real vs. interior
south tower
transfers
wheelchair-bound stuck in landing
Windows on the World and
steel structure
fireproofing tests of 2004
lack of fireproofing
masonry and concrete requirements dropped
Strauss, Scottlack of fireproofing
masonry and concrete requirements dropped
Suhr, Danny
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