1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed (Turning Points in Ancient History) (50 page)

Semites,
15

Senenmut,
23
,
27

Seti I,
90

Seti II,
114
,
136
,
180

Seventeenth Dynasty,
16

Shaft Graves,
39

Shardana,
1
,
3
–
4
,
6
–
8
,
157

Shattiwaza,
13
,
67
,
179

Shaushgamuwa,
13
,
97
–
98
,
179

Shekelesh,
1
,
3
–
4
,
7
–
8
,
154
–
55
,
157

Shelley, Percy Bysshe,
91

Shelton, Kim,
49

Sherden,
7
–
8

Sherratt, Susan,
xvii
,
152

Shikila,
154
–
55

Shishak,
9
.
See also
Shoshenq

Shoshenq,
9
.
See also
Shishak

Shutruk-Nahhunte,
13
,
123
–
24
,
179

Shuttarna II,
13
,
56
,
61
,
179

Sicily,
1
,
3
–
4
,
8
,
142
,
159

Sidon,
104
,
106
,
108

silver,
25
,
31
,
35
,
40
,
54
,
57
,
61
,
82
–
83
,
99
,
104

Silver Treaty,
82
–
83

Sinaranu,
79
–
80
,
82
,
104
,
179

Sinda,
132
–
33

Singer, Itamar,
144
,
150
,
155
,
178

Siptah,
109

Solomon,
33
,
91

Soreq Cave,
146

Sourouzian, Hourig,
46

South Pacific,
59

Southeast Europe,
160

Southern Archive,
109
,
150

Sparta,
85

spices,
22
,
74
,
77
,
88

Stadelmann, Rainer,
46

Stager, Larry,
123

Steel, Louise,
134

Sudan,
27

Suppiluliuma I,
13
,
35
,
52
,
63
,
65
,
66
–
71
,
80
,
96
,
100
,
178
–
79

Suppiluliuma II,
13
,
96
,
99
–
100
,
104
,
107
,
133
,
144
,
155
,
179

Susa,
124

Syria,
xv
,
xvi
,
1
,
3
,
9
,
14
–
15
,
17
–
20
,
22
–
23
,
25
,
30
,
33
–
34
,
40
,
53
–
54
,
60
,
66
–
67
,
70
,
74
,
79
–
81
,
97
,
99
,
102
,
106
,
108
,
112
,
114
,
144
–
46
,
149
,
151
,
156
–
57
,
173
–
75

Tadu-Hepa,
56

Tanaja,
12
,
25
,
40
,
44
,
46
,
47

Tarhuntassa,
125
,
156

Tarkhundaradu,
13
,
56
,
180

Taruisa,
36

Tawagalawa Letter,
84

Taylor, Lord William,
49

Tehenu,
7
–
8
,
92

Teikhos Dymaion,
128

Tel Dan,
157

Tel Dor,
157

Tel Kabri,
14
,
60

Tell al-Fakhariyeh,
30

Tell Atchana,
124
.
See also
Alalakh

Tell ed-Dab‘a,
14
,
42
,
60

Tell el-Amarna,
51
.
See also
Amarna

Tell el-Borg,
92

Tell es-Safi,
4

Tell Kazel,
113
–
14

Tell Mishrife,
67
.
See also
Qatna

Tell Ta’yinat,
157

Tell Tweini,
113
,
145
,
156
–
57

Tel Miqne,
122
,
158

Temple of Amun,
25
,
29

Teresh,
7
–
8

Texas A&M University,
73

textile(s),
19
,
22
,
71
,
107

Thebes (Boeotia),
39
,
47
,
97
,
128
,
141

Thebes (Egypt),
xvii
,
17
,
49

Theogony
,
59

Thucydides,
21
,
149

Thutmose I,
13
,
26
,
30
,
177
,
180

Thutmose II,
13
,
26
,
27
,
180

Thutmose III,
13
–
15
,
17
,
20
–
21
,
23
–
31
,
41
–
42
,
46
,
48
,
62
,
91
–
92
,
178
,
180

Tigris,
18

Tiryns,
38
–
39
,
41
,
86
–
88
,
105
,
128
,
131
–
32
,
141
–
42
,
149
,
153

Tiyi,
48
–
49
,
180

Tjekker,
1
,
3
,
6
,
157

trade,
xvi
,
18
–
19
,
26
–
27
,
42
–
43
,
57
,
70
–
72
,
74
,
78
–
79
,
87
–
88
,
97
,
100
–
102
,
104
–
6
,
108
,
131
,
148
–
50
,
152
–
53
,
156
,
163
,
171
–
72

trade delegation,
27

trade embargo.
See
embargo (-oes)

trade embassy,
143
.
See also
diplomatic embassy
;
embassy (-ies)

trade goods,
23
,
27
,
70

trade network/connections,
150
,
152
,
177

trade partnership(s),
52
,
54
–
55

trade relations,
104

trade route(s),
22
,
39
,
47
,
50
–
51
,
59
,
87
,
100
,
108
,
126
,
147
–
53
,
164
–
67

traders,
15
,
19
,
50
,
154

Treasury of Atreus,
141

Troad,
12
,
36
,
85

Trobriand Islanders,
58
–
59

Trojan(s),
38
,
70
,
85
,
88

Trojan War,
33
,
36
,
38
,
40
–
41
,
70
,
83
,
85
,
89
,
127
,
162

Troy,
12
,
21
,
36
,
38
,
41
,
43
,
85
–
86
,
89
,
125
,
127
–
29
,
141
,
156

Tsoungiza,
128

Tsountas, Christos,
38

Tudhaliya,
xvii

Tudhaliya I/II,
13
,
32
,
35
–
37
,
65
,
180

Tudhaliya IV,
13
,
96
–
100
,
106
,
108
,
125
,
133
,
161
,
180

Tudhaliya the Younger,
66

Tufnell, Olga,
121

Tukulti-Ninurta I,
13
,
96
–
97
,
106
,
161
,
180

Tunisia,
xvi

Turin Judicial Papyrus,
136

Turkey,
xv
,
3
,
8
,
14
,
20
,
28
,
33
–
34
,
36
,
60
,
65
,
71
,
73
–
74
,
99
,
101
,
155
,
157

Tushratta,
xvii
,
13
,
53
–
57
,
67
,
180

Tut, King,
xiv
,
35
,
48
,
62
,
69

Tutankhamen,
13
,
61
–
62
,
180

Tutankhaten,
62

Tweini.
See
Tell Tweini

Twentieth Dynasty,
109
,
137
,
190

Twosret,
114
,
136
,
180

Tyre,
89
,
104
,
106
,
144
,
145

Ugarit,
9
,
13
,
20
,
40
,
54
,
66
,
74
,
79
–
80
,
82
,
99
,
102
–
9
,
112
–
13
,
116
,
133
,
138
,
140
–
41
,
144
,
149
–
56
,
165
,
167
,
169
,
171
,
173
.
See also
Ras Shamra

Ugaritic,
79
,
88
–
89
,
103
–
6
,
112
,
144
–
45
,
150
,
152
,
154

Uluburun,
60
,
73
–
74
,
76
,
78
–
80
,
100
–
101

United States,
xvi
,
xviii
,
53
,
142
,
169
,
175

University of Chicago,
4
,
53
,
115
–
16
,
124
–
25

Upper Egypt,
16
–
17
,
63

Ura,
99

Urtenu,
106
,
108
,
144
,
151
–
52
.
See also
House of Urtenu

Ussishkin, David,
115
–
16
,
118
–
21

Valley of the Kings,
2
,
28
,
43
,
46
,
63
–
64
,
80
,
91
–
92
,
136

Van Campo, Elise,
145

Vandals,
172

Van De Mieroop, Marc,
174

Ventris, Michael,
39

Vikings,
10

Visigoths,
172

Wace, Alan,
38

Wadi Ara,
29
.
See also
Musmus Pass
;
Nahal Iron

Wall Street,
175

Washukanni,
30
–
31
,
61
,
67
,
96

Weinstein, James,
121

Weiss, Harvey,
145

Wenamun,
137

Weshesh,
1
,
3
,
6

Wilusa,
12
,
84

Wilusiya,
36

Winckler, Hugo,
34

wine,
18
,
22
,
71
,
74
,
88
,
104

wood,
22
,
27
–
28
,
71
,
78
,
94
,
107
,
125
,
129
,
149

Woolley, Sir Leonard,
3
,
124

World War I,
3
,
30
,
36
,
70

World War II,
39

Yabninu,
105
.
See also
House of Yabninu

Yadin, Yigael,
94
–
95
,
114

Yanoam,
92

Yasur-Landau, Assaf,
123
,
155
,
159