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10.
  Eugene Davidson,
The Making of Adolf Hitler: The Birth and Rise of Nazism
(New York: Macmillan, 1977), 186, citing Otto Gessler,
Reichswehrpolitik in der Weimarer Zeit
(Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1958), 248.
11.
  Gordon A. Craig,
Germany: 1866–1945
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 434.
12.
  
Hitler-Prozess
(trial transcript), part 1, 61.
13.
  Brigitte Hamann,
Hitler’s Vienna: A Dictator’s Apprenticeship
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 164; Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
54–56.
14.
  Volker Ullrich,
Adolf Hitler: Biographie: Band I: Die Jahre des Aufstiegs 1889–1939
(S. Fischer; Frankfurt am Main, 2013), 52, with footnote to his letter to the magistrate of Linz, January 21, 1914; Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
52.
15.
  Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf: Zwei Bände in einem Band, Ungekürzte Ausgabe,
851st–855th. (Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP, Frz. Eher Nachf., 1943), 137.
16.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
13.
17.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
83–86.
18.
  Hitler’s outline for
Mein Kampf,
Blatt 10, Florian Beierl and Othmar Plöckinger, “Neue Dokumente zu Hitlers Buch
Mein Kampf.

Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
57, no. 2 (2009): 310. For copyright reasons, the eighteen original pages can been seen only in the print edition of the journal, not in the online version
19.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
44–45.
20.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
59.
21.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
61–62. Other historians argue that Hitler’s anti-Semitism did not appear until years later, following World War I, in Munich. See Sven Felix Kellerhoff, “Adolf Hitler wurde spät zum Antisemiten,”
Die Welt,
March 3, 2009.
22.
  Interview with the author, February 2, 2015.
23.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
139.
24.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
138.
25.
  Ullrich,
Adolf Hitler,
63.
26.
  Milan Hauner,
Hitler: A Chronology of His Life and Time
(New York: Milan Hauner, 1983), 12.
27.
  Heinrich Hoffmann’s crowd shot. “Hitler—wie ich ihn sah,” part 1, ZDF History, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw356iha8so, 20–47 seconds, television documentary.
28.
  Hitler’s outline for
Mein Kampf,
Blatt 9, Beierl and Plöckinger, “Neue Dokumente,” 304.
29.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
73.
30.
  Frank,
Im Angesicht,
46; Thomas Weber,
Hitler’s First War: Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 140.
31.
  Weber,
Hitler’s First War,
139.
32.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
Illustration 8, 162–63.
33.
  Gerhard L. Weinberg, ed.,
Hitler’s Table Talk 1941–1944: His Private Conversations
(New York: Enigma Books, 2000–2008), 177.
34.
  Weber,
Hitler’s First War,
139–41, from U.S. interrogators.
35.
  Weber,
Hitler’s First War,
142–43.
36.
  Weber,
Hitler’s First War,
53.
37.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
223.
38.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
64.
39.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
224.
40.
  Hauner,
Hitler,
16.
41.
  Winifried Nerdinger, Hans Günter Hockerts, Marita Krauss, Peter Longerich, Mirjana Grdanjski, and Markus Eisen, eds.,
Munich and National Socialism: Catalogue of the Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism
(Munich: C. H. Beck, 2015), 52.
42.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
124.
43.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
123; Ernst Deuerlein, “Hitlers Eintritt in die Politik und die Reichswehr: Dokumentation,”
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte,
7, no. 2 (1959): 179–84; Karl Alexander von Müller,
Mars und Venus: Erinnerungen 1914–1919
(Stuttgart, 1954), 338. Müller, a respected academic, was a problematic character who became a Nazi “fellow traveler” during the Third Reich; he joined the Nazi Party, trained some key anti-Semitic scholars, and lent his professional standing to the regime. Yet he refrained from any scurrilous writings of his own. Despite these strong nationalistic leanings and support of Hitler’s regime in the 1930s, historians seem to have found no reason to discount Müller’s credibility as an eyewitness observer of the events that he experienced during Hitler’s rise in the 1920s.
44.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
235.
45.
  Deuerlein, “Hitlers Eintritt,” 200.
46.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
3.
47.
  August Kubizek,
The Young Hitler I Knew
(London: Greenhill Books, 2006), 37; Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
21.
48.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
132.
49.
  Albrecht Tryell,
Führer befiehl… Selbstzeugnisse aus der “Kampfzeit” der NSDAP
(Düsseldorf, 1969), 20. Drexler, in a letter covering “Mein Politisches Erwachen,” says he still works at the
Schraubstock.
50.
  Hauner,
Hitler,
17–18.
51.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
237–38.
52.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
238.
53.
  Mommsen,
Aufstieg und Untergang,
205–6.
54.
  Ernst Hanfstaengl,
Hitler: The Memoir of a Nazi Insider Who Turned Against the Führer
(New York: Arcade Publishing, 1957), 2011, 39.
55.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
239.
56.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
126.
57.
  Konrad Heiden,
Adolf Hitler: Das Zeitalter der Verantwortungslosigkeit,
vol. 1 (Zurich: Europaverlag, 1936), 76–77.
58.
  Hoegner,
Hitler und Kahr,
part 2, 102.

Chapter 2. The Charmed Circle

1.
  Joachim C. Fest,
Hitler
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), 165.
2.
  Raoul de Roussy de Sales, ed.,
Adolf Hitler: My New Order
(New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1941), 6.
3.
  Reginald H. Phelps, “Hitler als Parteiführer im Jahre 1920,”
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
11, no 3 (1963): 295, from police report.
4.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
527.
5.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
524.
6.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
152.
7.
  Hitler speech of April 12, 1922, in Roussy de Sales,
Adolf Hitler,
22.
8.
  Hanfstaengl,
Hitler,
51 and 89.
9.
  Hermann Esser, documents (interviews), Institut für Zeitgeschichte, ED 561/5–3.
10.
  The Württemberg envoy, Mommsen,
Aufstieg und Untergang,
209.
11.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
556.
12.
  Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
542.
13.
  Hagen Schulze,
Freikorps und Republik 1918–1920
(Boppard am Rhein: H. Boldt, 1969); Robert Gerwarth and John Horne,
War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great War
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 70.
14.
  Trevor-Roper,
Hitler’s Secret Conversations, 1941–1944
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1953), 126.
15.
  Othmar Plöckinger,
Geschichte eines Buches: Adolf Hitlers “Mein Kampf” 1922-1945: Eine Veröffentlichung des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte
(Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2006), 52.
16.
  Frank,
Im Angesicht,
31.
17.
  Plöckinger,
Geschichte,
13.
18.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
158.
19.
  Truman Smith,
Berlin Alert: The Memoirs and Reports of Truman Smith
(Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1984), 46.
20.
  Hanfstaengl,
Hitler,
36–37.
21.
  Hanfstaengl,
Hitler,
47–51.
22.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
189.

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