A Beautiful Mind (88 page)

26
. Randol, interview.

27
. Danskin, interview.

28
. Martin Shubik, interview, 10.94.

29
. Paul Zweifel, interview, 9.6.95.

30
. Edmond Nelson, professor of mathematics, Princeton University, interview, 8.17.95.

31
. Armand Borel, interview, 3.1.96.

32
. Danskin, interview. Robert Goheen, president of Princeton University, was unable to confirm these events, which would have been handled by someone on the campus security detail in any case, interview, 9.10.97.

33
. A. Nash, interview.

34
. O. Larde, interview.

35
. Confidential source.

40: Tower of Silence

1
. Martha Nash Legg, interview, 8.2.95.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Gerald N. Grob,
The Mad Among
f/s (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994), and “Abuse in American Mental Hospitals in Historical Perspective: Myth and Reality,”
International Journal of Law and Psychiatry,
vol. 3 (1980), pp. 295–310. Also interview with Grob, professor of history, Rutgers University, 8.4.97.

4
. See biographies of Dorothea Dix, including Rachel Basker,
Angel of’Mercy: The Story of Dorothea Dix
(New York: Messner, 1955); also Penny Colman,
Breaking the Chains: The Crusade of Dorothea Lynde Dix
(White Hall, Va.: Shoetree Press, 1992).

5
. Descriptions of Trenton State are based on interviews with psychiatrists who were affiliated with the hospital, including Robert Garber, former president, American Psychiatric Association, 5.6.96; Peter Baumecker, 5.1.96, 5.2.96, 5.9.96; Arthur A. Sugarman, 8.25.97.

6
. Baumecker, interview.

7
. Ibid.

8
. Ariel Rubinstein, e-mail, 2.3.97.

9
. Baumecker, interview. “B” probably refers to Jacob Bricker (see
Chapter 44
).

10
. John Danskin, interview, 10.19.96. For an account of the hijacking, see
Time
magazine, 2.3.61.

11
. M. Legg, interview.

12
. Danskin, interview.

13
. Robert Winters, interview, 8.9.95.

14
. Letter from Robert Winters to Joseph Tobin, 2.2.61.

15
. Letter from Robert Winters to Harold Magee, 2.2.59. Also interview with Tobin, 6.10.97.

16
. Seymour Krim, “The Insanity Bit,” op. cit.

17
. Baumecker, interview.

18
. Phillip Ehrlich, psychiatrist, Princeton Hospital, interview, 8.24.97.

19
. Baumecker, interview.

20
. M. Legg, interview.

21
. Interviews with Garber and Baumecker.

22
. Baumecker, interview.

23
. Danskin, interview.

24
. Garber, interview.

25
. Baumecker, interview.

26
. Ibid.

27
. Burton Randol, interview, 8.25.97.

28
. Lenore McCall,
Between Us and the Dark
(Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1947).

29
. Baumecker, interview.

30
. Garber, interview.

31
. Jerome Lettvin, interview, 7.25.97.

32
. Grob,
The Mad Among Us,
op. cit., p. 185.

33
. Garber, interview.

34
. Letter from John Nash to Alexander Mood, 12.17.94, one of many references Nash has made to his insulin treatments and memory loss.

35
. Richard Nash, interview, 1.6.96.

36
. Interviews with Grob and Lettvin.

37
. Baumecker, interview.

38
. Ibid.

39
. Ibid.

40
. Postcard from John Nash to Virginia Nash, 7.14.61. Nash says he’s due to be released the following day.

41
. Baumecker, interview.

42
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 7.14.61.

43
. Baumecker, interview.

41: An Interlude of Enforced Rationality

1
. John Forbes Nash, Jr.,
Les Prix Nobel 1994,
op. cit.

2
. Louis Sass,
Madness and Modernism,
op. cit.

3
. A decline in measured intelligence within a short time of the onset of schizophrenia has been documented in a series of studies. Jed Wyatt, personal communication, 6.97.

4
. Letter from John Nash to Donald Spencer, undated, spring 1961.

5
. Interviews with Armand Borel, 3.1.96, and Atle Selberg, 1.23.96.

6
. Letter from Atle Selberg to John Nash, 9.25.61; letter from Robert Oppenheimer to John Nash, 10.3.61.

7
. John Nash, membership application, 7.17.61, Institute for Advanced Study Archive.

8
. Letter from J. Nash to D. Spencer.

9
. Shlomo Sternberg, interview, 3.5.96. Also postcards from John Nash to Virginia Nash, 8.1.61 and 8.3.61.

10
. Alicia Nash, interview, 8.15.96.

11
. Interviews with John Danskin, 10.19.95, and Odette Larde, 12.7.95.

12
. O. Larde, interview.

13
. “Recent Advances in Game Theory,” Princeton, October 4–6, 1961.

14
. Reinhard Selten, professor of economics, University of Bonn, interview, 6.27.95.

15
. John Harsanyi, interview, 6.27.95.

16
. Harold Kuhn, personal communication, 8.97.

17
. John Nash, “Le Probleme de Cauchy Pour Les Equations Differentielles d’une Fluide Générale,”
Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France,
vol. 90 (1962), pp. 487–97. Submitted 1.19.62.

18
. John Nash,
Les Prix Nobel 1994,
op. cit.

19
. According to the
Encyclopedia of Mathematics,
“Mathematical study of [the Cauchy problem for the general Navier-Stokes equation] has become active since J. Nash and N. Itaya proved the existence of unique regular solutions local in time.”

20
. Selberg, interview.

21
. Gillian Richardson, interview, 12.14.97.

22
. Karl Uitti, professor of French, Princeton University, interview, 8.22.97.

23
. Confidential source.

24
. Uitti, interview.

25
. Jean-Pierre Cauvin, interview, 8.25.97.

26
. Hubert Goldschmidt, Columbia University, interview, 3.20.97.

27
. Letter from Robert Oppenheimer to Leon Motchane, Institut des Hautes Etudes, 4.26.62.

28
. Memorandum from Robert Oppenheimer to Atle Selberg, 4.26.62.

29
. Stefan A. Burr, professor of computer science, City College of New York, interview, 5.95.

30
. A. Borel, interview.

31
. Ibid.

32
. Gaby Borel, interview, 10.94.

33
. Al Vasquez, interview, 6.17.97.

34
. Lloyd S. Shapley, interview, 10.94.

35
. Ibid.

36
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 7.62.

37
. Ed Nelson, professor of mathematics, Princeton University, interview, 8.17.95.

38
. Lars Hörmander, interview, 2.13.97.

39
. John Nash, personal communication with Harold Kuhn, 8.97.

40
. Hörmander, interview.

41
. Ibid.

42
. Death certificate of Carlos Larde, State Department of Health, New Jersey, 7.2.62.

43
. Postcard from John Nash to Martha Nash Legg, 7.24.63.

44
. John Danskin, interview, 10.19.95.

45
. Confidential source.

46
. Proceedings, International Congress of Mathematicians, Stockholm, 1962.

47
. Letter from John Nash to Martha Nash Legg, 9.20.62.

48
. Unsigned postcard to mathematics department, Princeton University, 9.1.62.

49
. Uitti, interview.

50
. Letter from John Nash to M. Legg, 11.19.62.

51
. Ibid., 1.26.63.

52
. M. Legg, interview, 3.30.96.

53
.
Alicia L. Nash
vs.
John Forbes Nash,
Complaint, Superior Court of New Jersey, Mercer County, 12.27.62; Frank L. Scott, attorney, interview, 8.12.97.

54
. M. Legg, interview, 8.2.95.

55
.
A. Nash
vs.
J. Nash,
op. cit.

56
. Judgment Nisi,
Alicia Nash
vs.
John Forbes Nash,
Superior Court of New Jersey, Mercer County, 5.1.63.

57
. Final Judgment (Divorce), Alicia L. Nash and John Forbes Nash, 8.2.63.

58
. Robert Winters, interview, 8.9.95.

59
. Letter from James G. Miller to Albert E. Meder, Jr., treasurer, American Mathematical Society, 4.2.63.

60
. Harold Kuhn, interview, 8.95.

61
. Letter from William Ted Martin to Albert W. Tucker, 4.1.63.

62
. Ibid.

63
. Letter from Albert E. Meder to William Ted Martin, 3.28.63.

64
. Confidential source.

65
. Donald Spencer, interview, 11.28.95.

66
. Winters, interview.

67
. Letter from Martha Nash Legg to Donald Spencer, 4.24.63.

42: The “Blowing Up” Problem

1
. Robert Garber, interview, 5.6.96.

2
. Ken Kesey,
One Flew Over the Cuekoo’s Nest
(New York: Viking, 1962); Joanne Greenberg,
I Never Promised You a Rose Garden
(New York: Signet, 1964); Thomas S. Szasz,
The Mvth of Mental Illness
(New York: Hoeber-Harper, 1961).

3
. William Otis, psychiatrist, interview, 5.3.96.

4
. Garber, interview.

5
. Alicia Nash, interview, 8.15.97.

6
. Otis, interview.

7
. A. Nash, interview.

8
. Martha Nash Legg, interview, 3.30.96.

9
. Garber, interview.

10
. Ibid.

11
. Frank L. Scott, interview, 11.12.97.

12
. Garber, interview.

13
. Letter from John Nash to Norbert Wiener, 5.1.63.

14
. Interviews with A. Nash; Donald Spencer, 11.28.95; Gaby Borel, 3.14.96.

15
. Howard Mele declined to be interviewed, 4.9.96.

16
. New Jersey Board of Medicine.

17
. Interviews with Garber and Otis.

18
. Belle Parmet, social worker, interview, 8.24.97.

19
. Letter from J. Nash to N.Wiener.

20
. Garber, interview.

21
. Letter from John Nash to Virginia Nash, 8.10.63.

22
. Ibid., 8.22.63.

23
. Ibid., 8.29.63.

24
. Richard S. E. Keefe and Phillip D. Harvev,
Understanding Schizophrenia
(New York: Free Press, 1994), p. 48.

25
. Louisa Gauvin, interview, 8.25.97.

26
. Armand Borel, interview, 3.1.96.

27
. Ibid.

28
. Memorandum from Robert Oppenheimer to Atle Selberg, 9.30.63.

29
. Letter from David Gale to Deane Montgomery, 1.3.64.

30
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 10.31.63.

31
. Ibid., 3.14.64.

32
. Ibid., 10.31.64 and 12.13.64.

33
. John Nash, plenary lecture, World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, 8.26.96, op. cit.

34
. Heisuke Hironaka, “On Nash Blowing Up,” in
Arithmetic and Geometry II
(Boston: Birkhauser, 1983).

35
. William Browder, interview.

36
. Memorandum from John Milnor to Dean of Faculty J. Douglas Brown, 4.8.64.

37
. Ibid.

38
. Letter from Howard S. Mele to John Milnor, 3.30.64.

39
. Garber, interview.

40
. Letter from H. S. Mele to J. Milnor.

41
. Memorandum from J. Douglas Brown to Robert F. Goheen, 4.6.64.

42
. Letter from Ernest J. Johnson to John Nash, 5.1.64.

43
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 2.18.64.

44
. Ibid., 3.14.64.

45
. Ibid., 3.64.

46
. During the spring, Nash wrote to a colleague in Europe saying that he hoped to accept a visiting position at the Institut des Hautes Études near Paris, arranged by Alexandre Grothendieck.

47
. M. Legg, interview, 3.29.96.

48
. Ibid.

49
. Letter from John Nash to Martha Nash Legg, 4.64.

50
. Karl Uitti, interview, 8.22.97.

51
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 2.18.64.

52
. Letter from John Nash to a colleague, 5.64 or 6.64.

53
. Letter from John Nash to Robert Oppenheimer, 5.24.64.

54
. The 1964 Summer Research Institute on Algebraic Geometry, American Mathematical Society, Notices, October 1963; also John Tate, professor of mathematics, University of Texas, interview, 6.20.97.

55
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 8.31.64.

56
. Ibid.

57
. John Nash, plenary lecture, op. cit.

58
. Ibid.

59
. Ibid.

60
. Letter from John Nash to Arthur Mattuck, 11.13.71.

61
. Harold Kuhn, e-mail, 5.96.

62
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 8.3 1.64.

63
. Postcard from John Nash to Virginia Nash, 9.2.64.

64
. Jean Pierre Serre, e-mail, 2.15.96.

65
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 9.7.64.