A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (76 page)

CHAPTER 2: THE FAMILY FEUD

¹
Smith,
Llywelyn
, 77–85.

²
Ibid., 56–77, 85–91.

³
Studd,
Itinerary
, 31–2; Smith,
Llywelyn
, 88; Paris, v, 592–4.

⁴
Ibid., 593, 613–14;
DNB
, xxvi, 462.

⁵
Smith,
Llywelyn
, 90–5.

⁶
Ibid., 97–101.

⁷
Ibid., 101–6.

⁸
Ibid., 108–9.

⁹
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 145–8.

¹⁰
R. R. Davies,
Lordship and Society in the March of Wales, 1282–1400
(Oxford, 1978),
passim
, and esp. 3, 73–9, 217.

¹¹
Smith,
Llywelyn
, 94–7, 102–3; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 146–7;
DNB
, xii, 109; Paris, v, 95; J. F. Lydon, ‘Three Exchequer Documents from the reign of Henry III’,
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
, 65 (1966–67), 26–7.

¹²
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 148.

¹³
Ibid., 148–9.

¹⁴
D. A. Carpenter, ‘What Happened in 1258?’,
Reign of Henry III
, 187–8, 194; Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 184–5; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 109.

¹⁵
Carpenter, ‘What Happened in 1258?’, 188; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 154;
EHD
, iii, 119.

¹⁶
Carpenter, ‘What Happened in 1258?’, 195–6;
EHD
, iii, 123; Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 73, 218–19.

¹⁷
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 156–8, 160;
EHD
, iii, 124, 155, 361–7.

¹⁸
EHD
, iii, 155–6; Ridgeway, ‘The Lord Edward and the Provisions of Oxford’, 89; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 25–6.

¹⁹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 151, 158–9.

²⁰
EHD
, iii, 156, 363.

²¹
DNB
, xxvi, 463; M. A. Hennings,
England Under Henry III
(London, 1924), 93.

²²
Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 310;
AM
, i, 166; iv, 445;
CPR, 1238–66
, 5;
CLR, 1231–60
, 441; Studd,
Itinerary
, 43–4.

²³
D. A. Carpenter, ‘The Lord Edward’s Oath to Aid and Counsel Simon de Montfort, 15 October 1259’,
Reign of Henry III
, 250–2.

²⁴
Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 75–80.

²⁵
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 50–3, 122–3, 129–51.

²⁶
EHD
, iii, 157–8; T. F. Tout, ‘The “Communitas Bacheleriae Angliae’”,
EHR
, 17 (1902), 89–95.

²⁷
Carpenter, ‘The Lord Edward’s Oath’, 242, 248, 251.

²⁸
R. F. Treharne,
The Baronial Plan of Reform, 1258–63
(Manchester, 1932) is the most complete expression of this view.

²⁹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 155–6, 181–8.

³⁰
Ibid., 192–3; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 163–4, 170; Studd,
Itinerary
, 46–7.

³¹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 193–4.

³²
Documents of the Baronial Movement of Reform and Rebellion, 1258–1267
, ed. R. F. Treharne and I. J. Sanders (Oxford, 1973), 175–7; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 162, 166–70.

³³
EHD
, iii, 160–1, 197;
Flores
, ii, 448–9;
DNB
, xxvi, 464.

³⁴
EHD
, iii, 197–8; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 170–1; Treharne,
Baronial Plan
, 232–4. Reconciliation clearly occurred in mid-May: on 13 May Edward was still with Montfort, and on 15 May he was ordered to remove his castellans; not until 16 May did Henry III leave London for Westminster. Maddicott,
Montfort
, 197;
CR, 1259–61
, 42;
EHD
, iii, 161.

³⁵
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 197–9.

³⁶
Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 311; Smith,
Llywelyn
, 116–27; Prestwich,
Edward I, 11
.

³⁷
Smith,
Llywelyn
, 127–31.

³⁸
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 199; Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 83.

³⁹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 200–3.

⁴⁰
Ibid.; Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 83.

⁴¹
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 175–6;
The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury
, ed. W. Stubbs (2 vols., Rolls Series, 1879–80), ii, 211; cf.
EHD
, iii, 198.

⁴²
Studd,
Itinerary
, 56; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 177–9; D. A. Carpenter, ‘King Henry III and the Tower of London’,
Reign of Henry III
, 199–206; H. Ridgeway, ‘King Henry III’s Grievances against the Council in 1261: a New Version and a Letter describing Political Events’,
Historical Research
, 61 (1988), 229, 235–6, 240.

⁴³
DNB
, lvi, 47; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 179–80; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 196, 200.

⁴⁴
Ibid., 208.

⁴⁵
EHD
, iii, 198 (where it is also stated that Edward did badly in the tournaments and sustained heavy losses); Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 180.

⁴⁶
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 207, 209.

⁴⁷
Flores
, ii, 466–7.

⁴⁸
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 180–1; Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 84–5; Studd,
Itinerary
, 57–8.

⁴⁹
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 183–4; Studd,
Itinerary
, 58–60.

⁵⁰
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 213–14;
EHD
, iii, 199.

⁵¹
D. A. Carpenter, ‘Simon de Montfort: The First Leader of a Political Movement in English History’,
Reign of Henry III
, 232–3.

⁵²
Ridgeway, ‘The Lord Edward’, 98; D. A. Carpenter, ‘King Henry III’s “Statute” against Aliens: July 1263’,
Reign of Henry III
, 271n.

⁵³
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 181, 187–8; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 37.

⁵⁴
Studd,
Itinerary, 62
, 64; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 186, 189; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 38.

⁵⁵
Carpenter, ‘King Henry III’s “Statute”’,271; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 181

⁵⁶
EHD
, iii, 199; Studd,
Itinerary
, 65; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 215–21;
CCR, 1261–64
, 272–3.

⁵⁷
Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 312; Smith,
Llywelyn
, 137–48.

⁵⁸
Ibid., 148; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 190–1; Studd,
Itinerary, 66
.

⁵⁹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 216–17; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 193–4.

⁶⁰
Ibid., 188.

⁶¹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 222–3.

⁶²
Ibid., 225–7; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 193.

⁶³
Studd,
Itinerary
, 69; Carpenter, ‘King Henry III and the Tower’, 206;
EHD
, iii, 201; G. A. Williams,
Medieval London: From Commune to Capital
(London, 1963), 218.

⁶⁴
EHD
, iii, 167–8; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 228–9.

⁶⁵
EHD
, iii, 201; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 230.

⁶⁶
Ibid., 229–30, 234; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 196.

⁶⁷
Ibid.

⁶⁸
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 229; Studd,
Itinerary
, 70;
Flores
, ii, 482;
EHD
, iii, 170; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 197–8.

⁶⁹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 231–2, 239, 242–4.