A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (84 page)

¹⁰³
Stacey, ‘Expulsion’, 90–1.

¹⁰⁴
Ibid., 91–3.

¹⁰⁵
Huscroft,
Expulsion
, 151–2, 155–7.

¹⁰⁶
DNB
, xxxii, 497; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 236–8; Powicke,
Henry III
, 733; idem,
Thirteenth Century
, 261–3, 266–8; Lunt,
Financial Relations
, 339–40.

CHAPTER 8: THE GREAT CAUSE

¹
D. Crook, ‘The Last Days of Eleanor of Castile’,
Transactions of the
Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire
, xciv (1990), 17–28.

²
Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 4–5, 58–60, 64, 102–13, 120, 122.

³
N. Coldstream, ‘The Commissioning and Design of the Eleanor Crosses’,
Eleanor of Castile 1290–1990
, ed. D. Parsons (Stamford, 1991), 55–67; P. Lindley, ‘Romanticizing Reality: The Sculptural Memorials of Queen Eleanor and their Context’, ibid., 69–92; Parsons,
Eleanor
of Castile
, 60, 209. Henry III had been quietly translated to a new tomb earlier in 1290. Carpenter, ‘King Henry III and the Cosmati Work’, 423–4.

⁴
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 131–2; Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 50; Powicke,
Henry III
, 734–5.

⁵
Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 237–8.

⁶
DNB
, i, 653–5; M. Morris,
Castle: A History of the Buildings that Shaped
Medieval Britain
(London, 2003), 203.

⁷
DNB
, i, 655; Barrow,
Bruce
, 1–2; Duncan,
Kingship
, 171.

⁸
Ibid., 175–7.

⁹
Ibid., 178–9.

¹⁰
Eleanor of Provence
, 293–300, 305.

¹¹
Powicke,
Henry III
, 732–3, 788–90.

¹²
Duncan,
Kingship
, 165–6, 169–70, 175–9.

¹³
Ibid., 171, 179–82.

¹⁴
Ibid., 182–4.

¹⁵
Ibid., 185, 187–91, 196.

¹⁶
Ibid., 156–8, 191–3, 196; Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 592–3.

¹⁷
Duncan,
Kingship
, 190, 192, 194;
EHD
, iii, 467–8.

¹⁸
Duncan,
Kingship
, 195–7.

¹⁹
DNB
, xxx, 170.

²⁰
DNB
, iii, 605–6; xxx, 170.

²¹
DNB
, xii, 904.

²²
DNB
, viii, 373–4.

²³
Duncan,
Kingship
, 178, 197–9.

²⁴
Ibid., 199, 202, 208;
AM
, ii, 409.

²⁵
G. W. S. Barrow,
Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1000–1306
(London, 1981), 3, 10–14.

²⁶
Ibid., 25, 33, 105–21; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 13–14; Duncan,
Kingship
, 336.

²⁷
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 11–14.

²⁸
Bartlett,
Making of Europe
, 274–7.

²⁹
Ibid., 78–81; Barrow,
Bruce
, 20–1; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 142–3, 178–82.

³⁰
Davies,
Domination and Conquest
, 13–14; idem,
Empire
, 151–2, 156–8, 160–6; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 179–80; J. Campbell, ‘The United Kingdom of England’,
Uniting the Kingdom?
, ed. A. Grant and K. J. Stringer (London, 1995), 47.

³¹
J. Gillingham, ‘Conquering the Barbarians: War and Chivalry in Twelfth-Century Britain and Ireland’,
The English in the Twelfth
Century
, 41–58; Davies,
Domination and Conquest
, 51.

³²
Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 5, 13n, 48; Barrow,
Bruce
, 23, 26.

³³
Davies,
Empire
, 11–14, 64–5.

³⁴
Duncan,
Kingship
, 154–5.

³⁵
Geoffrey of Monmouth
, ed. Thorpe, 90, 218–21, 227–8.

³⁶
Davies,
Empire
, 47.

³⁷
Duncan,
Kingship
, 127–53; Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 593–4.

³⁸
Above, 25; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 102–3;
Lanercost
, 81 (the summer of 1268 is the likeliest context: see Maddicott, ‘Crusade Taxation’, 96, and cf. Studd,
Itinerary
, 111); A. A. M. Duncan,
Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom
(Edinburgh, 1975), 577; M. Penman,
The Scottish Civil
War: The Bruces and the Balliols and the War for Control of Scotland
(Stroud, 2002), 26.

³⁹
Duncan,
Kingship
, 159; cf. Prestwich,
Edward I
, 90n.

⁴⁰
Duncan,
Kingship
, 160.

⁴¹
Ibid., 161–4.

⁴²
Ibid., 205–9.

⁴³
Ibid., 213–15.

⁴⁴
Ibid., 215–16.

⁴⁵
Ibid., 206, 211–13, 216.

⁴⁶
Ibid., 199–203, 218–19, 232.

⁴⁷
Ibid., 179, 237–8.

⁴⁸
Ibid., 245–6.

⁴⁹
Ibid., 218;
RCWL
, 100; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 365.

⁵⁰
Duncan,
Kingship
, 245–54.

⁵¹
Edward I and the Throne of Scotland, 1290–1296: an Edition of the Record
Sources for the Great Cause
, ed. E. L. G. Stones and G. G. Simpson (2 vols., Oxford, 1977), i, 1; Duncan,
Kingship
, 259, 261, 264;
Itinerary
, ii, 10; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 366.

⁵²
Duncan,
Kingship
, 257–61.

⁵³
Ibid., 265.

⁵⁴
Ibid., 346–7.

⁵⁵
Ibid., 184–5, 240, 265–6.

⁵⁶
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 307–12.

⁵⁷
Morris,
Welsh Wars
, 224–30.

⁵⁸
Ibid., 231–5;
PROME
, 57.

⁵⁹
Morris,
Welsh Wars
, 235–7;
DNB
, xlvi, 618–19.

⁶⁰
Itinerary
, ii, 24; Duncan,
Kingship
, 267.

⁶¹
Ibid., 267–9.

⁶²
Ibid., 270, 346.

⁶³
Ibid., 269.

⁶⁴
Ibid., 272–4, 277–8.

⁶⁵
Itinerary
, ii, 26–30; Duncan,
Kingship
, 309–10.

⁶⁶
Ibid., 274–5, 277, 284, 291.

⁶⁷
Ibid., 268, 297–9.

⁶⁸
Ibid., 300–6.

⁶⁹
Ibid., 306–7.

⁷⁰
Ibid., 316–20; Barrow,
Bruce
, 50–
2
.

CHAPTER 9: THE STRUGGLE FOR MASTERY

¹
Riley-Smith,
The Crusades
, 206–7; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 235–40.

²
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 313, 331;
CPR, 1281–92
, 435; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 235.

³
KW
, i, 252, 510; Binski,
Painted Chamber
, 1–7; M. Reeve, ‘The Painted Chamber at Westminster, Edward I, and the Crusade’,
Viator
, 37 (2006), 189–221. Some surviving fragments of the Chamber can be seen in the British Museum.

⁴
Lunt,
Financial Relations
, 340–1; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 236, 240;
Itinerary
, ii, 34–9.