A Rainbow of Blood: The Union in Peril an Alternate History (55 page)

8. *John R. Tappen, The History of the 120th New York State Volunteer Regiment (New York: Neale Publishing Company, 1876), 236-38.

9. George Denison, Charge to Glory: The Canadian Cavalry at Claverack
(Montreal: St. George's Press, 1868), 210.

10. John L. Lambert, "Fighting in a Cloud: Close Combat at Claverack,"
Journal of American Military History, vol. 23 (July 7, 1966): 54-55.

11. The battle of Lundy's Lane took place on July 25, 1814, near Niagara
Falls, Ontario. It could be considered a "narrow American tactical victory and a questionable British strategic victory." Losses were almost
identical at 878 British and 860 Americans.

12. Joseph Lehmann, The Model Major-General: A Biography of Field Marshal
Lord Wolseley (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1964), 12.

13. *Wolseley, The Great War in North America, vol. 1, 259.

14. "Captain Nigel Atherton, A History of the Scots Borderers (Edinburgh, UK:
Douglas & Wallace, 1912), 239.

15. Joseph M. Kelly, The Battle of Claverack (New York: D. Appleton, 1876),
198-99. Kelly's work was one of the most popular of the D. Appleton
series, Battles of the Great War. His assertion that the charge of the 2nd
New York Cavalry was decisive in the outcome of the action at Stottville
has never been challenged, especially since Meagher was of the same
opinion.

16. Franklin Murphy (1846-1920) survived the battle to become a Republican politician and the thirty-first governor of New Jersey.

17. Capt. Geoffrey Wilson Brown (1842-1930) of the Scots Greys was a
younger scion of the well-known Brown military family. There were
rumors that he was actually the son of the famous Brig. Harry Paget
Flashman (1822-1915), one of the most remarkable of all Victorian soldiers, whose life was immortalized in a brilliant novel series by George
McDonald Fraser. Those in the know insisted the Geoffrey Brown was
perfect double for Harry Flashman both in appearance and character,
though Flashman never acknowledged him.

18. *Denison, Charge to Glory, 262

19. -Ibid., 237.

20. The modern Greek word for horse is alogos, which means "the creature
without logic or reason."

21. *James P. McKenzie, The Life of George Denison (Toronto: Northern Lights
Publishers, 1927), 190. Denison went on to become a Canadian hero but immigrated to England rather than live in the newly acquired territories
of the United States.

22. *Edmund St. Bury, ed., British Military Poetry Through the Centuries (London: Carlisle & Sons, 1883), 211.

23. *Thomas R. Foley, The Cavalry at Claverack (Carlisle Barracks, PA: Center
for Military History Press, 1973), 187-192.

24. *Williams. Johnson, Jr. Immortal Charge: The Cadets at Claverack (West
Point: Press of the U.S. Military Academy, 1970), 261-63.

25. *Garrett L. Lydecker, A Soldier's Tale: The Memoirs of Brig. Gen. Garrett L.
Lydecker (Boston: Lee and Shepard Publishers, 1900), 75. Lydecker recovered from his wounds and was immediately commissioned and served
with the Army of the Hudson for the rest of the war being brevetted to
captain.

26. The battle of Saratoga took place over September and October 1776 in
Upstate New York, north of Albany, and resulted in the surrender on
October 17th of the British army commanded by Maj. Gen. John Burgoyne.

27. It was this cry, after Wellington had repulsed the attack of Napoleon's
Old Guard at Waterloo, that had dissolved the French army in panic.

28. To disengage from an enemy in combat is to retreat. To depart the field
when not in contact with the enemy is to withdraw.

29. Hooker, The Battle for New York in the Great War, 420.

30. *Wolseley, The Great War in North America, 270. John Renwick Davies immortalized Wosleley's bayonet charge at Claverack in a painting that is
still a favorite of the visitors to the National Portrait Gallery in London.

CHAPTER TWELVE: THE SERPENT'S EYE

1. *Daniel Sickles, The Life of Fighting Joe Hooker (New York: Tammany Publishers, 1888), 238.

2. *Joseph Hooker, Triumph on the Hudson: The Battle for New York in the
Great War (New York: D. Appleton, 1872), 433.

3. *John Geary, The Battle of Claverack (Boston: Liberty Publishers, 1873),
483-87. Hooker's estimate that night was not too far off. Losses for both
sides, even by Civil War standards, had been enormous. The Army of
the Hudson had suffered 6,487 casualties: 978 dead, 4,873, wounded,
and 636 missing, mostly prisoners, totaling almost 32 percent. Enemy
losses were 8,506: 1,311 dead, 4,830 wounded, and 2,365 unwounded
prisoners. Wounded prisoners numbered 4,002. The British had had to
leave almost all their wounded on the field to the clemency of the Americans. Total British losses were almost 42 percent.

4. *John W. Whitman, Wolseley and the British Retreat from Claverack (Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1944),199-200.

5. At Malplaquet, on September 11, 1709, the French volunteers under
Marshal Claude de Villars had gutted Marlborough's invincible British
and Dutch infantry. Writing to Louis XIV, Villars said that he hoped God would grant the enemy more such victories. Marlborough's pyrrhic
victory was his undoing. He fell from power, and his opponents quickly
made peace.

6. *Adam Lefleur, Franklin and the Corps d'Afrique (Baton Rouge: Louisiana
University Press, 1986), 92.

7. Georges Delaeroix, The Life of Bazaine: A Marshal of Napoleon III (New
York: Chambers Publishers, 1933), 248.

8. Richard Aldous, The Lion and the Unicorn, 153-54.

9. William Flavelle Monypenny and George Earle Buckle, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield: Volume II. 1860-1881 (London: John Murray, 1929), 1366-7.

10. Archibald Makepeace, The War Speeches of Benjamin Disraeli (London:
Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 1879), 38.

11. Monypenny, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, 994.

12. *Makepeace, The War Speeches, 39.

13. *Nikolai A. Rimsky-Korsakov, My Adventures in the Great War (New
York: Tudor Press, 1936), 82.

14. *Andrei M. Walendowski, Muravyov the Hangman: The Man Who Made
Poland Weep (New York: Dobson Publishers, 1949), 211.

15. * Sharpe, The Central Information Bureau in the Great War, 198-205.

16. *Wilson M. Cartwright, Keeping the Union Afloat: The Treasury, Vanderbilt,
and Solvency in the Great War (Washington: Government Printing Office,
1978) 89-90.

17. Robert V. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of Victory (Indianapolis: Bobbs-
Merrill Company, 1956), 270.

18. Michael W. Kauffman, American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln
Conspiracies (New York: Random House, 2004), 125.

19. J.B. McClure, ed., Anecdotes and Stories of Abraham Lincoln (Chicago:
Rhodes & McClure Publishing Company, 1888), 129.

20. *Edward L. Landsherg, The Life of Will Cushing, American Hero (Annapolis, MD: Naval Academy Press, 1939) 122.

21. *Alfred Thayer Mahan, Gustavus Fox, William Cushing, and the Founding
of the Naval Aeronautical Service (Boston: Graham & Sons, 1912), 102.

22. *William H. Seward, Lincoln as I Knew Him (New York: D. Appleton
Publishers, 1872), 322.

23. "A Prince in the White House," Harper's Weekly, November 5, 1863, 5;
"Prince Arthur Nursed by Mrs. Lincoln," Leslie's Illustrated, November
6, 1863, 2; *Reginald P. Crawford, HRH Arthur: Warrior Prince (London:
Carrington & Sons, 1902), 82-85. The Prince was none too discreet upon
his return to Great Britain in December 1863 by referring to Mrs. Lincoln
as "that insufferable woman" and worse. He returned to the Royal Navy
to command a corvette to extract a highly publicized revenge only to
he captured again in the Battle of Havana in 1864. Having heard of his
remarks, Mrs. Lincoln sent her personal regards to the Prince in his new
captivity, commenting on how nice it was to have him as a guest of the United States again and asking him to call at the White House as soon as
he was able.

24. Gabor S. Boritt, "War Opponent and War President," in Lincoln: The War
President: The Gettysburg Lectures (New York: Oxford University Press,
1992), 190-92.

25. Punch, October 24,1863.

26. Carl J. Richard, Greeks and Romans Bearing Gifts: How the Ancients Inspired
the Founding Fathers (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, Inc., 2008) 47.

27. *George H. Sharpe, I Remember Lincoln (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott,
1889), 353.

APPENDIX A

1. Chartrand, The Mexican Adventure,18-19; Shann and Delperier, French
Army 1870-71, Franco-Prussian War (1), 38-39.

2. OR, vol. 26, part 2 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880), 402,
465; History of the 12th Texas, http://wwwgeocities.com/rebell2th/
history.html

3. OR, vol. 26, part 1, (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880),
334-36, 398, 783.

APPENDIX B

1. Peter G. Tsouras, Britannia's Fist: Civil War to World War (Washington:
Potomac Books, 2008). The Quebec Brigade was cut up badly in the First
Battle of Portland. Its Imperial battalion, 1/62 Foot, took 50 percent casualties, and two of its three Canadian militia battalions were destroyed.
The surviving 52nd Bedford Battalion was incorporated into the new
Halifax Brigade composed of British and Canadian militia units in Newfoundland.

APPENDIX C

1. Peter Cozzens, The Shipwreck of Their Hopes: The Battles for Chattanooga
(Urbana: University of Chicago Press, 1994) 401-402

2. Ibid., 402-404.

3. The War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate
Armies, vol. 29, part 1 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1890)
224. Kilpatrick's Reserve Brigade had been at the cavalry remount depot
in Washington since August.

4. *Maine Light, 6th Battery, was normally assigned to this brigade but was
detached to accompany the rest of the Maine troops to Portland.

A former U.S. Army officer, Peter G. Tsouras is an intelligence analyst, a
military historian, and the author or editor of two dozen works of military history and alternate history, including Gettysburg: An Alternate History; Dixie Victorious: An Alternate History of the Civil War; Disaster at D-Day:
The Germans Defeat the Allies, June 1944; and Military Quotations from the
Civil War: In the Words of the Commanders. Many of his books have been
primary selections of the History Book Club and the Military Book Club
and have been translated into numerous languages. A regular guest
on the History Channel and similar venues in Britain and Canada, Mr.
Tsouras is an analyst for the Defense Intelligence Agency and lives in
Alexandria, Virginia.