And Then All Hell Broke Loose: Two Decades in the Middle East (31 page)

Russert, Tim,
107
–8

Russia,
4
,
33
,
45
,
151
,
216
,
217
,
219

Ruzicka, Marla,
99
–100

Sabra,
57

Sadat, Anwar,
6

Saddam Hussein,
6
–8,
11
,
70
,
72
,
75
,
77
,
79
,
83
,
84
,
86
,
100
,
108
,
190
,
208

al-Qaeda and,
129

Ba’ath Party and,
76
–78,
81
,
94

bin Laden and,
8

capture of,
86
,
87

George H. W. Bush and,
155

George W. Bush and,
64
,
75
–76,
87
,
128
,
129
,
156

Islam and,
129

statue of,
85

Sunnis and,
8
,
86
,
93
,
94
,
97
,
101

Sadr, Mohammed Sadiq al-,
85
–86

Sadr, Muqtada al-,
95
,
102
,
118

Sagami, Saddam,
141
–42

Sahhaf, Mohammed Saeed al-,
77
–78,
84
,
95

Salafi Muslims,
35
,
40
–42,
200

ISIS and,
194
–95

jihadis,
35
–36,
38
,
45
,
46

Wahhabi,
see
Wahhabis

Saleh, Ali Abdullah,
168

Sallum,
158
,
160
,
162

Salmaniya Medical Complex,
157

Sana’a,
213

Saracens,
3

Satanism,
45

Sattar, Abu,
75

Saud, Amir Abdullah bin,
40

Saud clan,
40
–41

Saudi Arabia,
4
,
9
,
35
,
36
,
45
,
46
,
117
,
136
,
151
,
201
,
207
,
208
,
216
,
217

Bahrain and,
157

Engel’s first trip to,
38
–39

oil in,
41
–42,
47
,
207

rehabilitation program in,
140
–43,
145

Wahhabism and,
40
–42,
47

sayyids,
92
,
118

Second Intifada,
50
,
56
,
60
,
62
–64,
115

September 11 attacks,
see
9/11 attacks

sex trade,
139
–40

sexuality,
15
,
18
,
38

homosexuality,
20
,
43
,
44
–45

shabiha,
177
–78,
185
,
188
,
189

Shalit, Gilad,
111
–12

sharia law,
44

Sharm el-Sheikh,
154

Sharon, Ariel,
56
–57,
58
,
60
,
63

Shatila,
57

Shia Muslims (Shiites),
2
,
4
,
9
,
29
,
34
,
85
–86,
91
–98,
102
,
107
,
131
,
156
,
184
,
209
,
216

Alawite,
172
,
181

in Bahrain,
157

elections and,
105

Hezbollah and,
see
Hezbollah

in Iran,
93
,
108

ISIS attacks on mosques of,
200
–201

and kidnapping of Engel and crew,
189

minority status of,
93

Saddam and,
8

shabiha,
177
–78,
185
,
188
,
189

Sicily,
65

Sidon,
4

Siniora, Fouad,
115
–16,
119
,
123

Sirte,
160
,
163
,
164
,
169

Sisi, Abdel Fattah el-,
209

Sistani, Ali al-,
94
,
95
,
97
,
102

smartphones,
152
,
174

Somalia,
167
,
201

Sousse rampage,
200

Soviet Union,
5
,
45

Spain,
3

Spanish Inquisition,
195

suicide bombings,
99
,
135
,
137
,
193
,
211

Palestinian,
60
–62

Sulayman, Khalid,
143
–46

Sunni Muslims,
4
,
9
,
22
,
29
,
34
,
72
,
86
,
91
–98,
101
,
102
,
106
,
107
,
111
,
117
,
131
,
133
,
136
,
137
,
140
,
156
,
157
,
172
,
174
,
181
,
184
,
189
,
207
,
209
,
216

elections and,
105

ISIS and,
see
ISIS

and kidnapping of Engel and crew,
189

in Mosul,
191
–94

Saddam and,
8
,
86
,
93
,
94
,
97
,
101

Wahhabis,
see
Wahhabis

Syria,
1
,
4
–6,
9
,
11
,
34
,
134
,
142
,
152
,
169
,
171
–90,
206
,
208
,
213
,
214

Aleppo,
166
,
178
,
180
,
182
,
183
,
189
,
195
,
197
,
217

chemical weapons in,
182
–83,
190
,
198

Damascus,
see
Damascus

Daraa,
166
,
171
–72

Engel in,
114
,
138
,
171
,
174
–90,
195
–98,
218

Engel and crew kidnapped in,
171
,
184
–89,
195
,
197
,
217
–19

Free Syrian Army,
177
,
179
,
185
,
195
–98,
202

Ghouta attack in,
190

Homs,
177

Houla massacre in,
177
–78

Iraq and,
138

Iraqi refugees in,
139

ISIS and,
see
ISIS

Lebanese in,
114
,
120

map of,
170

Obama and,
182
–83

officials killed by bomb in,
179

Palmyra,
199
–200

Qamishli,
175

Raqqa,
199

Tal Abyad,
199

uprising and civil war in,
138
,
156
,
163
,
166
,
171
–90

US intervention and,
181
,
190

Tabligh wa Dawa,
36
–38,
43
,
45

Ta’e, Uday al-,
71
,
78
,
84

Taher,
184
,
187

Tahrir Square:

demonstrations in,
151
–54,
157
,
166
–67

shooting in front of Egyptian Museum,
23
–27,
51

Tal Abyad,
199

Taliban,
17
–18,
46
,
130
,
137
,
144

Tanzania,
27

technology,
152

Internet,
131
,
135
–36,
141
,
142
,
152
,
155
,
172
,
180
,
215

phones,
152
,
174
,
180

Tehran,
150

Tel Aviv,
61
,
123

Temple Mount,
55
–58,
63

terrorism,
27
,
67
,
87
,
132
–33,
138
,
146
–47

Iraq war and,
146
,
147

real estate law of,
142

war on,
130
,
139
,
146
–47

Tigris River,
76
,
78
,
84
,
94
,
103

Tobruk,
158
,
159
,
162
,
163

Today,
188

Todd, Chuck,
182

Topkapi Palace Museum,
39

Tora Bora,
130
,
144

Trabelsi, Leila,
151

Transjordan,
4

Tripoli, Lebanon,
135

Tripoli, Libya,
160
–68

Tulkarm,
51
,
62

Tunis,
150
–51

Bardo National Museum in,
200

Tunisia,
6
,
136
,
150
–52,
159
,
166
,
205
–6,
208

Sousse rampage in,
200

Turkey,
173
–75,
188
,
194
,
206
,
209
,
214

Istanbul,
29
,
156
–57

Tyre,
4
,
120
,
122

Umayyads,
92

Umm al-Fahm,
123

Umm Qasr,
79
,
83

Unification Church,
16

United Arab Emirates,
4
–5

United Nations (UN),
62
,
64
,
97
,
119
,
178

and war between Israel and Lebanon,
122
,
124

Security Council,
123
,
216
,
217

UNESCO,
199

United States,
5
,
6
,
9
,
11
,
35
,
36
,
38
,
91

in Afghanistan war,
129
–30

CIA of,
46
,
129
,
130
,
137
,
146
,
174
,
194

Crusades and,
30
,
34
,
139

Fifth Fleet of,
157

in Gulf War (1991),
8
,
60
,
64
,
82
,
86
,
93
,
155

Middle East policy of,
5
,
35
,
155
,
156
,
157
,
169
,
181
,
209
,
216
–17

Iran nuclear deal and,
216

Iraq invaded by,
50
,
70
,
72
,
76
–87,
93
,
95
,
102
,
107
,
108
,
115
,
128
–30,
132
,
146
,
215

in Iraq war,
see
Iraq war

Marines of,
135

State Department of,
174

Syrian uprising and,
181
,
190

veterans in,
131

Uthman,
92

Uzo Hotel,
159
–60

Vietnam War,
125

Vikings,
29

Wahhab, Mohammed Ibn,
40

Wahhabis,
4
,
21
,
36
,
38
–43,
195

jihadists,
45

Ottomans and,
39
–40

Saudi Arabia and,
40
–42,
47

spread of,
41
–42

Wailing Wall (Western Wall),
56

Wajjeh,
112
–13

Wall Street Journal,
172

weapons of mass destruction (WMDs),
64
,
86
,
129
,
131
,
132

Wedeman, Ben,
158
,
159

West Bank,
11
,
53
–55,
58
,
60
,
61
,
64
,
124
,
214

map of,
48

Operation Defensive Shield in,
62

WGBH,
63

Wilhelm II, Kaiser,
3
,
33

Williams, Brian,
192

Winograd Commission,
121

witchcraft,
45

women,
15
,
18
,
20

World, The,
63

World War I,
32
–34

Middle East reorganized following,
1
,
3
,
4
,
6
,
33
–35,
138

World War II,
5
,
35
,
105
,
126
,
159