Andy Warhol Was a Hoarder (42 page)

“Address of Carl Sandburg Before the Joint Session of Congress, February 2, 1959,
www.​nps.​gov/​carl/​learn/​historyculture/​upload/​Address-​of-​Carl-​Sandburg-​before-​the-​Joint-​Session-​of-​Congress.​pdf
; William H. Herndon and Jesse W. Weik,
Abraham Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life
, vols. 1 and 2 (1888–1896; Project Gutenberg, 2012),
www.​gutenberg.​org/​ebooks/​38483
and
www.​gutenberg.​org/​ebooks/​38484
; Elizabeth Keckley,
Behind the Scenes
(New York: G. W. Carleton, 1868; Project Gutenberg, 2008),
www.​gutenberg.​org/​ebooks/​24968
; Douglas F. Levinson and Walter E. Nichols, “Major Depression and Genetics,” Stanford University School of Medicine,
depressiongenetics.​stanford.​edu/​mddandgenes.​html
; Ida M. Tarbell, ed., “Abraham Lincoln,”
McClure's
, December 1895 (Project Gutenberg, 2004),
www.​gutenberg.​org/​files/​11548/​11548-​h/​11548-​h.​htm
.

A note about names and pronouns: After careful consideration, I chose to identify Jorgensen as George and to use male pronouns in my descriptions of her childhood and early adulthood before her transition. This is in no way meant to be disrespectful; instead, my goal was to maintain a consistency with Jorgensen's own account in her autobiography, along with her doctors reports at the time, and to make the narrative and medical history clear for readers.

Chaz Bono,
Transition: The Story of How I Became a Man
(New York: Dutton, 2011); Jennifer Finney Boylan,
She's Not There: A Life in Two Genders
(New York: Broadway Books, 2003); Paul de Kruif,
The Male Hormone
(New York: Harcourt Brace, 1945); Richard F. Docter,
Becoming a Woman: A Biography of Christine Jorgensen
(New York: Haworth Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2008); Christine Jorgensen,
A Personal Autobiography
(New York: Bantam Books, 1967); Pagan Kennedy,
The First Man-Made Man: The Story of Two Sex Changes, One Love Affair, and a Twentieth-Century Medical Revolution
(New York: Bloomsbury, 2007); Joanne Meyerowitz,
How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002); Jan Morris,
Conundrum
(New York: New York Review of Books, 2002).

Jacob Bernstein, “A Barney's Campaign Embraces a Gender Identity Issue,”
New York Times
, January 29, 2014; Amy Bloom, “The Body Lies,”
New Yorker
, July 18, 1994;
Jennifer Finney Boylan, “ ‘Maddy' Just Might Work After All,”
New York Times
, April 24, 2009; William Byne et al., “Report of the APA Task Force on Treatment of Gender Identity Disorder,”
American Journal of Psychiatry
169, No. 8 (August 2012), 1–35; Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis et al., “Puberty Suppression in a Gender-Dysphoric Adolescent: A 22-Year Follow-Up,”
Archives of Sexual Behavior
40, No. 4 (August 2011), 843–47; Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis and Friedemann Pfäfflin, “The
DSM
Diagnostic Criteria for Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents and Adults,”
Archives of Sexual Behavior
39, No. 2 (April 2010), 499–513; Annelou L. C. de Vries et al., “Puberty Suppression in Adolescents With Gender Identity Disorder: A Prospective Follow-Up Study,”
Journal of Sexual Medicine
8 (August 2011), 2276–83; Alice Dreger, “Gender Identity Disorder in Childhood: Inconclusive Advice to Parents,”
Hastings Center Report
39, No. 1 (January/February 2009), 26–29; Jack Drescher, “Controversies in Gender Diagnoses,”
LGBT Health
1, No. 1 (2013), 9–15; Jack Drescher et al., “Minding the Body: Situating Gender Identity Diagnoses in the ICD-11,”
International Review of Psychiatry
24, No. 6 (December 2012), 568–77; Jack Drescher and William Byne, “Gender Dysphoric/Gender Variant (GD/GV) Children and Adolescents: Summarizing What We Know and What We Have Yet to Learn,”
Journal of Homosexuality
59 (March 2012), 501–10; Christian Hamburger et al., “Transvestism: Hormonal, Psychiatric, and Surgical Treatment,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
152, No. 5 (May 30, 1953); Melissa Hines, “Prenatal Endocrine Influences on Sexual Orientation and on Sexually Differentiated Childhood Behavior,”
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
32, No. 2 (April 2011), 170–82; Michele Ingrassia, “In 1952, She Was a Scandal: When George Jorgensen Decided to Change His Name—and His Body—the Nation Wasn't Quite Ready,”
Newsday
, May 5, 1989; Baudewijntje P. C. Kreukels and Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis, “Puberty Suppression in Gender Identity Disorder: The Amsterdam Experience,”
Nature Reviews Endocrinology
7 (August 2011), 466–72; Paul McHugh, “Transgender Surgery Isn't the Solution,”
Wall Street Journal
, June 12, 2014; Joanne Meyerowitz, “Transforming Sex: Christine Jorgensen in the Postwar U.S.,”
OAH Magazine of History
20, No. 2 (March 2006); Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol et al., “Changing Your Sex Changes Your Brain: Influences of Testosterone and Estrogen on Adult Human Brain Structure,”
European Journal of Endocrinology
155 (November 1, 2006), S107–14; Roni Caryn Rabin, “Medicare to Now Cover Sex-Change Surgery,”
New York Times
, May 30, 2014; Yolanda L. S. Smith et al., “Adolescents with Gender Identity Disorder Who Were Accepted or Rejected for Sex Reassignment Surgery: A Prospective Follow-Up Study,”
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
40, No. 4 (April 2001), 472–81; Norman Spack, “Management of Transgenderism,”
Journal
of the American Medical Association
309, No. 5 (February 6, 2013), 478–84; Katy Steinmetz, “The Transgender Tipping Point,”
Time
, May 29, 2014; Margaret Talbot, “About a Boy: Transgender Surgery at Sixteen,”
New Yorker
, March 18, 2013; Laura Wexler, “Identity Crisis,”
Baltimore Style
, January/Feburary 2007; George Wiedeman, “Tranvestism,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
152, No. 12 (July 18, 1953), 1167; Cintra Wilson, “The Reluctant Transgender Role Model,”
New York Times
, May 6, 2011.

Jaime M. Grant et al., “Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey,” National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Taskforce, 2011,
www.​endtransdiscrimination.​org
; Beth Greenfield, “Transgender Author Jennifer Finney Boylan Went from Dad to Mom: How It Changed Her Family,” Yahoo! Shine, May 3, 2013,
ca.​shine.​yahoo.​com/​blogs/​mothers-​day/​transgender-​author-​jennifer-​finney-​boylan-​went-​from-​dad-​to-​mom-​how-​it-​changed-​her-​family-​162811616.​html
.

William Cronon, “Inconstant Unity: The Passion of Frank Lloyd Wright” in
Frank Lloyd Wright: Architect
, ed. Terence Riley (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1994), 8–31; Roger Friedland and Harold Zellman,
The Fellowship: The Untold Story of Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Fellowship
(New York: HarperCollins, 2006); Brendan Gill,
Many Masks: A Life of Frank Lloyd Wright
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1987); Anne C. Heller,
Ayn Rand and the World She Made
(New York: Anchor Books, 2010); Ada Louise Huxtable,
Frank Lloyd Wright: A Life
(New York: Penguin Books, 2008); Walter Isaacson,
Steve Jobs
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011); Jeffrey Kluger,
The Narcissist Next Door: Understanding the Monster in Your Family, in Your Office, in Your Bed—in Your World
(New York: Riverhead Books, 2014); Linda Martinez-Lewi,
Freeing Yourself from the Narcissist in Your Life
(New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, 2008); Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, ed.,
The Essential Frank Lloyd Wright: Critical Writings on Architecture
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008); Meryle Secrest,
Frank Lloyd Wright: A Biography
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992); Edgar Tafel,
About Wright: An Album of Recollections by Those Who Knew Frank Lloyd Wright
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993); Jean M. Twenge and W. Keith Campbell,
The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement
(New York: Free Press, 2009); Frank Lloyd Wright,
An Autobiography
(New York: Horizon Press, 1977); Frank Lloyd Wright,
A Testament
(New York: Horizon Press, 1957); John Lloyd Wright,
My Father, Frank Lloyd Wright
(Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Inc., 1992); Olgivanna Lloyd Wright,
The Shining Brow: Frank Lloyd Wright
(New York: Horizon Press, 1960).

Mamah Borthwick and Alice T. Friedman, “Frank Lloyd Wright and Feminism: Mamah Borthwick's Letters to Ellen Key,”
Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
61 No. 2 (June 2002), 140–51; Eddie Brummelman et al., “Origins of Narcissism in Children,”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
112, No. 12 (March 24, 2015), 3659–62; Tamra E. Cater et al., “Narcissism and Recollections of Early Life Experiences,”
Personality and Individual Differences
51, No. 8 (December 1, 2011), 935–39; Grace Glueck, “In Guggenheim Restoration, Wright Laughs Last,”
New York Times
, August 12, 1991; Erica Hepper et al., “Moving Narcissus: Can Narcissists Be Empathic?”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
40, No. 9 (September 2014), 1079–91; Bernard Kalb, “The Author: Frank Lloyd Wright,”
Saturday Review
, November 14, 1953; Arthur Lubow, “The Triumph of Frank Lloyd Wright,”
Smithsonian
, June 2009; Thomas Mallon, “Possessed: Did Ayn Rand's Cult Outstrip Her Canon?”
New Yorker
, November 9, 2009; Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger, and W. Keith Campbell, “Narcissistic Personality Disorder and the
DSM-V
,”
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
119, No. 4 (2010), 640–49; Lewis Mumford, “The Sky Line: What Wright Hath Wrought,”
New Yorker
, December 5, 1959, 105–29; Charles A. O'Reilly III et al., “Narcissistic CEOs and Executive Compensation,”
Leadership Quarterly
25, No. 2 (April 2014), 218–31; Jack Quinan, “Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim Museum: A Historian's Report,”
Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
52, No. 4 (December 1993), 466–82; Elsa Ronningstam and Igor Weinberg, “Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Progress in Recognition and Treatment,”
Focus
11, No. 2 (Spring 2013), 167–77; Eleanor Roosevelt, “Eleanor Roosevelt's Story: This I Remember,”
Milwaukee Sentinel
, February 3, 1950; Lars Schulze et al., “Gray Matter Abnormalities in Patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder,”
Journal of Psychiatric Research
47, No. 10 (October 2013), 1363–69; Jean M. Twenge et al., “Egos Inflating Over Time: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory,”
Journal of Personality
76, No. 4 (August 2008), 875–901; S. Mark Young and Drew Pinsky, “Narcissism and Celebrity,”
Journal of Research in Personality
40 (2006), 463–71; Charles Zanor, “A Fate That Narcissists Will Hate: Being Ignored,”
New York Times
, November 29, 2010.

“Frank Lloyd Wright to His Neighbors,” letter,
www.​pbs.​org/​flw/​buildings/​taliesin/​taliesin_​wright03.​html
; “Keeping Faith With an Idea: A Time Line of the Guggenheim Museum, 1943–59,”
web.​guggenheim.​org/​timeline/​index.​html
; The
Mike Wallace Interview
, Frank Lloyd Wright, September 1 and 28, 1957, transcript,
www.​hrc.​utexas.​edu/​multimedia/​video/​2008/​wallace/​wright_​frank_​lloyd_​t.​html
; Katy Waldman, “Are You a Narcissist?”
Slate
, August 24, 2014,
www.​slate.​com/​articles/​health_​and_​science/​medical_​examiner/​2014/​08/​narcissistic_​personality_​disorder_​is_​narcissism_​a_​personality_​trait_​or_​mental.​html
.

James Cannon,
Gerald R. Ford: An Honorable Life
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013); Betty Ford,
Healing and Hope: Six Women From the Betty Ford Center Share Their Powerful Journeys of Addiction and Recovery
(New York: Putnam, 2003); Betty Ford with Chris Chase,
Betty: A Glad Awakening
(New York: Doubleday and Company, 1987); Betty Ford with Chris Chase,
The Times of My Life
(New York: Harper & Row, 1978); George McGovern,
Terry: My Daughter's Life-and-Death Struggle With Alcoholism
(New York: Villard Books, 1996); Mary Tyler Moore,
After All
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1995; Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld,
First Lady's Lady: With the Fords at the White House
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1979).

Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, “Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap Between Science and Practice,” June 2012; Anna Rose Childress et al., “Prelude to Passion: Limbic Activation by ‘Unseen' Drug and Sexual Cues,”
Public Library of Science (PLoS) ONE
3, No. 1 (February 2008), e1506; Robin Marantz Henig, “Valium's Contribution to Our New Normal,”
New York Times
, September 29, 2012; Louise Lague, “Addicted No Moore,”
People
, October 1, 1984; Robert Lindsey, “Mrs. Ford, in Hospital Statement, Says: I Am Addicted to Alcohol,”
New York Times
, April 22, 1978; Enid Nemy, “Betty Ford, Former First Lady, Dies at 93,”
New York Times
, July 8, 2011; Leesa E. Tobin, “Betty Ford as First Lady: A Woman for Women,”
Presidential Studies Quarterly
20, No. 4 (Fall 1990), 761–67; Brian Vastag, “Addiction Poorly Understood by Clinicians,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
290, No. 10 (September 10, 2003), 1299–1303; Kimberly A. Young et al., “Nipping Cue Reactivity in the Bud: Baclofen Prevents Limbic
Activation Elicited by Subliminal Drug Cues,”
Journal of Neuroscience
34, No. 14 (April 2, 2014), 5038–43.