Another Day in the Death of America: A Chronicle of Ten Short Lives (44 page)

10
. “Mass Shootings, 2013,” Gun Violence Archive,
http://www.gunviolencearchive.org/reports/mass-shootings/2013
(accessed April 12, 2016).

11
. Shannon Van Sant, “China School Knife Attack Leaves 23 Injured,” CBS News, December 14, 2012,
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-school-knife-attack-leaves-23-injured/
.

12
. “In Memoriam, Emmett Till,”
Life
magazine, October 3, 1955.

13
. Michelle Alexander,
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
(New York: The New Press, 2012), 71.

14
. Ibid.

15
. Amos Brown III, “Black Graduation Rates Fall in State, Many Indy Districts,”
Indianapolis Recorder,
February 28, 2013,
http://www.indianapolisrecorder.com/education/article_bbbc4442-81be-11e2-9701-0019bb2963f4.html?TNNoMobile
.

16
. Kenneth J. Mills-Tucker obituary,
IndyStar,
November 29, 2013,
http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/indystar/obituary.aspx?pid=168224887
.

17
. “Keeping Youth Connected: Focus on Indianapolis,” CLASP, August 2011,
http://www.clasp.org/resources-and-publications/files/Indianapolis_Profile.pdf
.

18
. Tanzina Vega, “Shooting Spurs Hashtag Effort on Stereotypes,”
New York Times,
August 13, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/us/if-they-gunned-me-down-protest-on-twitter.html?
.

19
. Jessica Durando, “Users Ask Which Photo Media Would Use #IfThey GunnedMeDown,”
USA Today,
August 12, 2014,
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/08/12/if-they-gunned-me-down-hashtag-twitter/13982539/
.

20
. Rebecca Bennett and Russ McQuaid, “Teen Found Shot to Death in Parking Garage of JW Marriott,” Fox59, July 21, 2013,
http://fox59.com/2013/07/21/teen-found-shot-to-death-in-parking-garage-of-jw-marriott/
.

21
. See
http://www.indystar.com/picture-gallery/news/2016/04/21/gett-money-gang-members-arrested/83330394/
.

22
. Quoted in Ruth-Arlene W. Howe, “A Wake-Up Call for American Society or Have ‘The Chickens Just Come Home to Roost?’: Essay Review of Charles Patrick Ewing’s
When Children Kill: The Dynamics of Juvenile Homicide,
Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School, January 1, 1992,
http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1685&context=lsfp
.

CHAPTER THREE

1
. Jill Leovy,
Ghettoside: Investigating a Homicide Epidemic
(London: The Bodley Head, 2015), 29.

2
. “Quarterly Homicide Team Report for October–December 2014,” District Attorney R. Andrew Murray’s office, January 13, 2015,
http://www.charmeckda.com/news/011315_1.pdf
.

3
. “Turning Point Academy,” website of the Charlotte-Mecklenberg Schools,
http://schools.cms.k12.nc.us/turningpointAE/Pages/Default.aspx
(accessed March 11, 2016).

4
. Chuck McShane, “1993: Charlotte’s Deadliest Year,”
Charlotte Magazine,
November 21, 2013,
http://www.charlottemagazine.com/Charlotte-Magazine/December-2013/1993-Charlottes-Deadliest-Year/?cparticle=2&siarticle=1
.

5
. Tim Murphy, “Black Parents Need to Get It Together, Says Former Tea Party Congressman Sued over Child Support,”
Mother Jones,
August 28, 2013,
http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/08/joe-walsh-black-parents-need-get-it-together
.

6
. Joanna Rothkopf, “Bill O’Reilly: Black People Should Wear ‘Don’t Get Pregnant at 14’ T-Shirts,”
Salon,
December 18, 2014,
http://www.salon.com/2014/12/18/bill_oreilly_black_people_should_wear_dont_get_pregnant_at_14_t_shirts/
.

7
.
“Meet the Press
Transcript: November 23, 2014,” NBC News,
http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meet-press-transcript-november-23-2014-n255256
.

8
. Leovy,
Ghettoside,
xix.

9
. Alexia Cooper and Erica L. Smith, “Homicide Trends in the United States, 1980–2008,” U.S. Department of Justice, November 2011,
http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/htus8008.pdf,13
.

10
. Michelle Alexander,
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
(New York: The New Press, 2012), 100.

11
. “Homicide Rates Among Persons Aged 10–24 Years: United States, 1981–2010,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, July 12, 2013,
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6227a1.htm
.

12
. Anders Kelto, “The U.S. Is a World Leader in Gun Deaths,” NPR, December 7, 2015,
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/12/07/458815891/the-u-s-is-a-world-leader-in-gun-deaths
.

13
. Bill Cosby and Alvin F. Poussaint,
Come On, People: On the Path from Victims to Victors
(Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007), 60, 73, 86, 87, 111, 137.

14
. Tom Brokaw,
The Greatest Generation
(New York: Random House, 1998).

15
. “Dr. Bill Cosby Speaks,” Rutgers University website,
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~schochet/101/Cosby_Speech.htm
(accessed March 10, 2016).

16
. Ibid.

17
. Ibid.

18
. Michael E. Dyson,
Is Bill Cosby Right? Or Has the Black Middle Class Lost Its Mind?
(New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2005), x.

19
. Ibid., 172.

20
. “Crime in North Carolina—1999 Annual Summary, Report of 1999 Uniform Crime Reporting Data,” North Carolina Department of Justice, shows Charlotte-Mecklenburg’s crime figures in 1999, when the city had a population of 520,829, see
http://www.ncdoj.gov/getdoc/448ed7e5-b478-4177-bfde-afd95e5e103e/1999-Crime-Statistics.aspx
(accessed May 13, 2016). “Year to Date Summary,” Charlotte Police Department, December 2013, shows the city had grown to a population of 792,862, see
http://charmeck.org/city/charlotte/CMPD/safety/CrimeStat/Documents/CS13Dec-MonthlySummary.pdf
(accessed May 13, 2016). General downward trajectory of crime from 2002 to 2014 is shown here at “Crime Rate in Charlotte, NC,”
City-Data.com
, see
http://www.city-data.com/crime/crime-Charlotte-North-Carolina.html
(accessed May 13, 2016).

21
. Ibid.

22
. “Teen Pregnancy Mecklenburg County, 1995–2008,” Mecklenburg County Health Department, Epidemiology Program, December 2009, shows the pregnancy rate for 15–19 year olds in Mecklenburg county was 74.4 per 1,000 in 1999, see
http://charmeck.org/mecklenburg/county/healthdepartment/healthstatistics/documents/teen%20pregnancy%20mecklenburg%20county%201995–2008.pdf
(accessed May 13, 2016). “2013 North Carolina Adolescent Pregnancies Ages 15–19,” Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Campaign of North Carolina, shows the pregnancy rate for 15–19 year olds in Mecklenburg County was 33.3 per 1,000 in 2013, see
http://files.www.appcnc.org/data/map/northcarolina/2013_pregnancies_15–19_NC.pdf
(accessed May 13, 2016).

23
. “2007 NC Resident African American Teen Pregnancies: Ages 15–19,” Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Campaign of North Carolina, shows the pregnancy rate for African Americans was 84.8, see
http://files.appcnc.gethifi.com/data/state-statistics/archived-state-statistics/2007_African_American_pregnancies.pdf
(accessed May 13, 2016). “2012 North Carolina Adolescent Pregnancies by Race/Ethnicity and County,” APPC of North Carolina, shows that by 2012 the figure was down to 51.8, see
http://files.www.appcnc.org/data/map/northcarolina/2012_pregnancies_15–19_by_race.pdf
(accessed May 13, 2016).

24
. See Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, Quick Tables, “List of Available Quick Tables for the National Survey on Drug Use and Health,” 2011, at
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/quicktables/quickconfig.do?34481–0001_all
.

25
. Jo Jones and William D. Mosher, “Fathers’ Involvement with Their Children: United States, 2006–2010,” National Health Statistics Reports, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, December 2013,
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr071.pdf
.

26
. Alexander,
New Jim Crow,
93.

27
. Joseph E. Stiglitz,
The Price of Inequality: How Today’s Divided Society Endangers Our Future
(London: Allen Lane, 2012), 17.

28
. “Number of Interracial Couples in U.S. Reaches All-Time High,” CNN, April 25, 2012,
http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/25/us/us-census-interracial/
.

29
. Hope Yen, “A Census First: Black Voter Turnout Passes Whites,” NBC News, May 8, 2013,
http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/08/18131900-a-census-first-black-voter-turnout-passes-whites
.

30
. “Unemployment Rates by Race and Ethnicity, 2010,” Bureau of Labor Statistics, October 5, 2011,
http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2011/ted_20111005_data.htm
; “Poverty Rate by Race/Ethnicity, 2014,” The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation,
http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/poverty-rate-by-raceethnicity
(accessed April 12, 2016). Bruce Drake, “Incarceration Gap Widens Between Whites and Blacks,” Pew Research Center, September 6, 2013,
http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/09/06/incarceration-gap-between-whites-and-blacks-widens/
.

31
. Michael A. Fletcher, “Fifty Years After March on Washington, Economic Gap Between Blacks, Whites Persists,”
Washington Post,
August 27, 2013,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/50-years-after-the-march-the-economic-racial-gap-persists/2013/08/27/9081f012–0e66–11e3–8cddbcdc09410972_story.html?wprss=rss_business&tid=pp_widget
.

32
. Ian Millhiser, “American Schools Are More Segregated Now Than They Were in 1968, and The Supreme Court Doesn’t Care,” Think Progress, August 13, 2015,
http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2015/08/13/3690012/american-schools-are-more-segregated-now-then-they-were-in-1968-and-the-supreme-court-doesnt-care/
.

33
. Michael Harrington,
The Other America: Poverty in the United States
(New York: Scribner, 2012), 14.

34
. See
http://www.bostonfed.org/inequality2014/papers/reeves-sawhill.pdf
.

35
. Matt O’Brien, “Poor Kids Who Do Everything Right Don’t Do Better Than Rich Kids Who Do Everything Wrong,”
Washington Post,
October 18, 2014,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/10/18/poor-kids-who-do-everything-right-dont-do-better-than-rich-kids-who-do-everything-wrong/
.

36
. Leovy,
Ghettoside,
243.

CHAPTER FOUR

1
. Joe Rodriguez, “San Jose: Teen Slain on Streets Named for Kids’ Tales,”
San Jose Mercury News,
November 24, 2013,
http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_24593143/murder-fantasy-land-san-joses-44th-homicide-this
.

2
. Ibid.