Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany (52 page)

⁴⁰⁶
Ibid.

⁴⁰⁷
Schofield, op. cit., p. 154.

⁴⁰⁸
Ibid
.

⁴⁰⁹
Cumberland Evening Times
, Cumberland, MD, February 9, 1949.

⁴¹⁰
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, February 1, 1949, p. A1.

⁴¹¹
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, February 1, 1949, p. A1.

⁴¹²
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, condensation of
US v. Gillars (Sisk)
trial transcript. John Bartlow Martin Papers, Washington DC: Library of Congress Manuscript Division, pp. 12-2.

⁴¹³
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, condensation of
US v. Gillars (Sisk)
trial transcript pp. 15-2—16-2.

⁴¹⁴
Ibid
.
pp 17-2

⁴¹⁵
Ibid., pp. 22-2—23-2. Ruth S. Montgomery achieved notoriety in 1965 as the best selling author of A
Gift of Prophecy
, the story of psychic Jeanne Dixon.

⁴¹⁶
Ibid
.

⁴¹⁷
New York Daily News
, New York, NY, February 9, 1949.

When the trials were not in session, the US government advised witnesses to find employment or face repatriation to Germany after the completion of their testimony. If the Justice Department required their services in a future trial, they would be brought back to the United States at government expense. For instance, Inga Doman found work as a governess in South Carolina and Adelbert Houben, who testified in the Chandler and Best trials as well, worked in a factory.

⁴¹⁸
Ibid
.

⁴¹⁹
Mansfield News Journal
, Mansfield OH, January 28, 1949, p. 12.

⁴²⁰
Mansfield News Journal
, Mansfield OH, January 31, 1949.

⁴²¹
Charleston Daily Mail
, Charleston, WV, February 9, 1949.

⁴²²
Ibid.

⁴²³
Ibid.

⁴²⁴
Ibid.

⁴²⁵
Ibid.

⁴²⁶
Chicago Daily Tribune
, February 18, 1949.

⁴²⁷
Schofield. op. cit., p. 162.

⁴²⁸
Ibid.

⁴²⁹
The New York Times
, February 22, 1949.

⁴³⁰
The Star Beacon
, Ashtabula, OH, November 22, 1995, p. C1.

⁴³¹
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, condensation of
US v. Gillars (Sisk)
trial transcript, op. cit. p. 38.

⁴³²
Ibid

⁴³³
Ibid

⁴³⁴
Ibid

⁴³⁵
Ibid p. 40 pp. 44–5. p. 53 p. 49

⁴³⁶
Ibid. p. 57

⁴³⁷
Ibid.

⁴³⁸
New York Daily News
, New York, NY, February 25, 1949, p. 40.

⁴³⁹
New York Daily News
, New York, NY, February 25, 1949, p. 3.

⁴⁴⁰
Ibid. p. 40

⁴⁴¹
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, condensation of
US v. Gillars (Sisk)
trial transcript, op. cit., p. 66.

⁴⁴²
Ibid.

⁴⁴³
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, February 24, 1949, p. A1.

⁴⁴⁴
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, condensation of
US v. Gillars (Sisk)
trial transcript, op. cit., p. 38.

⁴⁴⁵
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, March 2, 1949, p. A3.

⁴⁴⁶
Chicago Daily Tribune
, Chicago IL, March 3, 1949, p. 2 &
The Evening Star,
Washington DC, March 2, 1949, p. A1.

^*
In fact, a search of the content of recordings and transcripts of Mildred Gillars’ broadcasts at the National Archives and the Library of Congress reveals no specific references to military units, naval bases, etc.

11. Convicted

⁴⁴⁷
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, condensation of
US v. Gillars (Sisk)
trial transcript, op. cit. pp. 60, 7-3.

⁴⁴⁸
Ibid. p. 7

⁴⁴⁹
Ibid. p. 10

⁴⁵⁰
Ibid. p. 12

⁴⁵¹
The Washington Post
, Washington DC, March 5, 1949, p. 4.

⁴⁵²
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, March 2, 1949, p. A6.

⁴⁵³
Chicago Daily Tribune
, Chicago IL, March 3, 1949, p. A2.

⁴⁵⁴
Bergmeier and Lotz (1997), p 34.

⁴⁵⁵
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, condensation of
US v. Gillars (Sisk)
trial transcript, p. 32-2.

⁴⁵⁶
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, March 8, 1949, pp. A1.

⁴⁵⁷
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, condensation of
US v. Gillars (Sisk)
trial transcript, p. 31-2.

⁴⁵⁸
The Evening Star
, Washington DC. March 8, 1949 op. cit.

⁴⁵⁹
Schofield, William G.,
Treason Trail,
Chicago: Rand McNally & Co. 1964, pp. 170.

⁴⁶⁰
Ibid.

⁴⁶¹
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, March 8, 1949, pp.A1.

⁴⁶²
Washington Times-Herald
, Washington DC, March 8, 1949, pp. 2.

⁴⁶³
The Washington Post
, Washington DC, March 8, 1949 pp. 2.

⁴⁶⁴
Washington Times-Herald
, Washington DC March 9, 1949 p 1.

⁴⁶⁵
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, March 8, 1949 pp. A4.

⁴⁶⁶
Schofield, William G.,
Treason Trail,
op. cit. pp 171. Although Coplon was convicted twice in Federal Court, both verdicts were overturned on appeal.

⁴⁶⁷
Ibid.

⁴⁶⁸
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, March 8, 1949 pp. 4.

⁴⁶⁹
Washington Times-Herald
, Washington DC, March 8, 1949 pp. 2.

⁴⁷⁰
The Washington Post,
Washington DC, March 8, 1949 pp.2

⁴⁷¹
The Evening Star
, Washington DC, March 8, 1949, pp. 4.

⁴⁷²
Ibid.

⁴⁷³
Schofield, William G.,
Treason Trail,
op. cit. pp 171.

⁴⁷⁴
Statement of the Case,
US v Gillars,
November 22, 1949, Washington DC: Charles Fahy Papers. Manuscript Division, Charles Fahy Papers, pp 42.

⁴⁷⁵
The Evening Star
Washington DC March 8 1949 pp. 4.

⁴⁷⁶
Ibid.

⁴⁷⁷
Statement of the Case,
US v Gillars,
November 22, 1949, Washington DC: Charles Fahy Papers. Manuscript Division, Charles Fahy Papers, pp 32.

⁴⁷⁸
Ibid.

⁴⁷⁹
Statement of the Case,
US v Gillars,
November 22, 1949, Washington DC: Charles Fahy Papers. Manuscript Division, Charles Fahy Papers, pp 31.

⁴⁸⁰
Nashua Telegraph,
Nashua, NH March 11, 1949 p. 4.

⁴⁸¹
“Shock for Sally”, Newsweek, March 21, 1949, p 32.

⁴⁸²
Conneaut News-Herald
, Conneaut, OH March 11, 1949 p 1.

⁴⁸³
Lima News
, Lima OH, March 11, 1949, p 1.

⁴⁸⁴
Ibid.

⁴⁸⁵
Western Union telegram John M. Holzworth to Mildred Gillars, March 10, 1949, College Park MD: NARA.

⁴⁸⁶
Schofield, William G.,
Treason Trail,
op. cit., p. 172.

⁴⁸⁷
Star-Beacon
, Ashtabula, OH, November 24, 1995 p. B1.

⁴⁸⁸
Conneaut News-Herald,
Conneaut, OH March 25, 1949 p. 1.

⁴⁸⁹
Star-Beacon
, Ashtabula, OH, November 24, 1995 p. B1.

⁴⁹⁰
Letter from Curtis Reid to Director, Department of Corrections DC, June 17, 1950 p. 3, Department of Justice files, NARA.

⁴⁹¹
Note from the Chief Medical Officer to the Steward, DC District Jail, January 11, 1950, Department of Justice files, NARA.

⁴⁹²
Report of Injury to Inmates on Detail, DC District Jail, March 10, 1950, Department of Justice Files, NARA.

⁴⁹³
Letter from Col. Curtis Reid to Edna Mae Herrick, May 9, 1950, Department of Justice Files, College Park: NARA.

⁴⁹⁴
FBI File 114-1 report on Alien Property Custodian Matter RE: Stella Beatrice Irmgard Koischwitz, Renata Martha Gertrude Koischwitz and Helene Elizabeth Nina Koischwitz, Harry Eisenbrown. December 20, 1949, p. 3 College Park MD: NARA.

⁴⁹⁵
FBI File 114-24 report on Alien Property Custodian Matter RE: Stella Beatrice Irmgard Koischwitz, Renata Martha Gertrude Koischwitz and Helene Elizabeth Nina Koischwitz, Harry Eisenbrown, December 15, 1949, p 4, College Park MD: NARA.