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3.
  Sanguszko, 65; Caulaincourt, I/372.

4.
  Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/99.

5.
  Radozhitskii, 77–8.

6.
  Bertin, 50–1.

7.
  Grabbe, 437.

8.
  Rossetti, 100.

9.
  Ducor, I/307.

10.
  Barclay,
Tableau
, 20; Buturlin,
Byl li u nas plan
, 220; Josselson, 109; Kharkievich,
Barclay de Tolly v Otechestvennoi voinie
, 4.

11.
  Barclay,
Tableau
, 20; Kharkievich,
Barclay de Tolly v Otechestvennoi voine, 7;
Clausewitz (104) thought it would have been madness to fight at Vitebsk.

12.
  Kharkievich,
Barclay de Tolly v Otechestvennoi
Voinie, 14; Clausewitz, 26–8.

13.
  Fezensac,
Journal
, 18; Vlijmen, 57; Gruber, 136.

14.
  Adam,
Aus dem Leben
, 156.

15.
  Lyautey, 489; Uxküll, 72.

16.
  Radozhitskii, 106.

17.
  Mailly, 12.

18.
  Venturini, 221.

19.
  Duverger, 4–5.

20.
  Everts, 123; François, II/765; Brett-James, 53.

21.
  Brett-James, 54.

22.
  Walter, 41.

23.
  Dumonceau, II/96; Brett-James, 67.

24.
  Laugier,
Récits
, 45; Lagneau, 200; Labaume, 97; Venturini, 220; Brett-James, 52; Radozhitskii, 19; Lejeune,
Mémoires
, II/182–3; Walter, 41; Ducor, I/305–6; Girod de l’Ain, 253.

25.
  Marbot, 159–60; Suckow, 158; Saint-Cyr, 62; Hausmann (99) says they had 15,000 left; Giesse, 67–8.

26.
  Dutheillet de la Mothe, 38.

27.
  Roeder, 95.

28.
  Holzhausen, 45.

29.
  Adam,
Aus dem Leben
, 156.

30.
  Dembinski, I/111; Suckow, 157.

31.
  Adam,
Aus dem Leben
, 50.

32.
  Fantin des Odoards, 307; Compans, 160.

33.
  Walter, 50.

34.
  Bourgoing,
Souvenirs
, 88–9; Suckow, 156; Ducor, I/310; Everts, 127; C.S. von Martens, 71.

35.
  Bellot de Kergorre, 57; Brandt, 244; Laugier,
Gli Italiani
, 40; Vaudoncourt,
Quinze Années
, 132.

36.
  Brett-James, 56.

37.
  Dedem, 226–7.

38.
  Ségur, III/205; Villemain, I/198–9; Caulaincourt, I/381.

39.
  Meneval, III/43; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/128, 133; Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/289,
306;
Dumas, III/429; Castellane, I/126–7; La Flise, LXXI/465; Bourgoing,
Souvenirs
, 98–100.

40.
  Dedem, 295.

41.
  Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/89.

42.
  Askenazy, 226; Sanguszko, 75; Jomini,
Précis
, I/85.

43.
  Sanguszko, 70–1; Caulaincourt, I/407.

44.
  Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/318–20; Soltyk, 69; Boulart, 245; Caulaincourt, I/384–5; Bourgoing, Souvenirs, 100; Fezensac,
Journal
, 35; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/137; Caulaincourt, I/382; Villemain, I/203–4, 208; Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/323.

Chapter 10: The Heart of Russia

1.
  Dallas, 23.

2.
  Hartley,
Russia in 1812
, 178, 185–6; Dubrovin, 49;
Akty, Dokumenty i Materialy
, CXXXIX/135ff, 163, 209–68; Simanskii, 1912, No. 4, 176–7; Radozhitskii, 48–9.

3.
  
Akty, Dokumenty i Materialy
, CXXXIX/17, CXXXIII/173; Hartley,
Russia in 1812
, 196; Butenev, 71.

4.
  Hartley,
Russia in 1812; Akty, Dokumenty i Materialy
, CXXXIX/16–17; Iudin, 27; Shugurov, 253; Benckendorff, 47; Pouget, who was French governor of Vitebsk, was convinced (228) that the Jews spied for the Russians throughout.

5.
  
Akty, Dokumenty i Materialy
, CXXXIX/269–459; Iudin; Hartley,
Russia in 1812
, 406.

6.
  Pushkin, 205; Vigel, 43; Golitsuin, 7; Khomutova, 313.

7.
  Dzhivelegov et al., V/75–81; Troitskii, 1812
Velikii God
, 217; Hosking, Russia.
People and Empire, 134
.

8.
  Sverbeev, I/62–3; Hartley, Russia in 1812, 405; Berthézène, II/38; Dedem, 232.

9.
  
Prikaz Nashim Armiam
, 446–7; Palitsyn,
Manifesty
.

10.
  Voenskii,
Russkoe Dukhovenstvo
, 12; Dubrovin, 52.

11.
  Dolgov, 137.

12.
  Bakunina, 399, 400, 402; Oginski, III/179; Tarle,
Nashestvie
, 68.

13.
  1812
god v Vospominaniakh, perepiske i raskazakh
, 41–2; Kallash,
Chastnia Pisma
.

14.
  Voronovskii, 246.

15.
  Khomutova, 315.

16.
  
Priezd Imperatora Aleksandra
v
Moskvu;
Waliszewski, II/72.

17.
  Kallash, 7–8; Naryshkina, 136; Hartley,
Alexander
, 111; for other accounts of Alexander’s visit, see: S. Glinka,
Zapiski;
Grunwald,
Baron Stein
, 195.

18.
  Viazemskii, 191–2.

19.
  Edling, 64; Alexander,
Corr. avec sa soeur
, 80–1.

20.
  Altshuller & Tartakovskii, 32; Ermolov, 29.

21.
  Mitarevskii, 30;Ermolov, 32.

22.
  F. Glinka,
Pisma Russkavo Ofitsera
, 18, 22–8.

23.
  Clausewitz, 111, 113.

24.
  Shchukin, VIII/167.

25.
  Simanskii, 1913, No. 1, 155, 156–7.

26.
  Aglaimov, 41; Altshuller & Tartakovskii, 33; Kharkievich,
Barclay de Tolly v Otechestvennoi voinie
, 14; Josselson 12; Simanskii, 1913 No. 1, 151; Radozhitskii, 98.

27.
  Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/359.

28.
  Fantin des Odoards, 317.

29.
  Askenazy, 235; Jackowski, 297, La Flise, LXXI/461.

30.
  Voronovskii, 31–3.

31.
  Clausewitz, 130.

32.
  Rossetti, 103; Ségur, IV/257.

33.
  Ermolov, 44; also Raevsky in Fabry,
Campagne de Russie
, IV/69–74.

34.
  Lyautey, 493.

35.
  Neverovskii, 79.

36.
  Thirion, 172–3; see also Faber du Faur 102 & Fanneau de la Horie.

37.
  Faré, 263; Labaume, 106; Denniée, 49–50.

38.
  Sukhanin, 277.

39.
  1812
god v Vospominaniakh Sovremennikov
, 113; see also F. Glinka,
Pisma Russkavo Ofitsiera
, 35.

40.
  Uxküll, 74; also Radozhitskii, 111.

41.
  Bourgoing,
Souvenirs
, 101; Fantin des Odoards, 318; Boulart, 248; Caulaincourt, I/394.

42.
  Wilson,
Diary
, I/148–9;
Barclay de Tolly i Otechestvennaia Voina
, Oct. 1912, 125; Josselson, 119; Bennigsen,
Zapiski
, July, 102, 114;
Barclay de Tolly i Otechestvennaia Voina
, Oct. 1912, 129, 128.

43.
  Chevalier, 187–8; Combe, 73–4; Faure, 34.

44.
  Holzhausen, 62.

45.
  Ségur, IV/265–6.

46.
  La Flise, LXXI/472–3.

47.
  Laugier,
Récits
, 63; Berthézène, II/23; La Flise, LXXI/474; Larrey, IV, 24, 31; Napoleon,
Lettres Inédites
(1935), 62–3.

48.
  Fantin des Odoards, 321; Dedem, 232.

49.
  Wilson,
Invasion
, 178–9.

50.
  Holzhausen, 65.

51.
  W.H. Löwenstern, I/228–9; Grabbe, 45.

52.
  W.H. Löwenstern, I/226, 231.

53.
  Brandt, 258.

54.
  According to Shvedov,
Komplektovanie
, total Russian losses at Smolensk and
Lubino/Valutina Gora were 20,000; see also Josselson, 127; Troitskii, 1812
Velikii God
, 117.

55.
  Zaluski 241.

56.
  Brandt, 261; Chevalier, 189; Brandt, 262.

57.
  Ségur, IV/291; Baudus, II/28.

Chapter 11: Total War

1.
  Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/394; Chambray, I/332; Caulaincourt, I/393; his intention to halt at Smolensk is confirmed in many other sources.

2.
  Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/167, 175, 180–1; Fezensac, J
ournal
, 38; Kallash, 32; Caulaincourt, I/406.

3.
  Berthézène, II/32.

4.
  Boulart, 250; Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/402. There is some controversy over the stand taken by Davout, as Rambuteau (91) states he was against further advance, while Rossetti (106) and others maintain he was for it. Rapp, 167; Deniée, 62; Lejeune,
Mémoires
, II/199.

5.
  Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/407–8; Brandt, 252–3; see also Bourgoing, Souvenirs, 100.

6.
  Boulart, 248; see also Labaume, 103; Chevalier, 193.

7.
  Blaze de Bury, II/324.

8.
  Clausewitz, 113; Griois, II/9.

9.
  Abbeel, 110.

10.
  Combe, 74–5; Brandt, 268; C.S. von Martens, 109.

11.
  Faré, 261.

12.
  Pion des Loches, 287.

13.
  Ségur, IV/320; Bourgeois, 40.

14.
  Abbeel, 111.

15.
  Pelleport, II/23; Laugier,
Récits
, 49, 65; Lejeune,
Mémoires
, II/199; Chevalier, 190.

16.
  Caulaincourt, I/411; Chambray, II/26.

17.
  Soltyk, 198–9.

18.
  Bloqueville, III/167; Roguet, III/474.

19.
  Muravev, 189; Uxküll, 74.

20.
  Tarle,
Nashestvie
, 127; Radozhitskii, 129.

21.
  Koliubakhin,
1812 God. Poslednie dni komandovania
…, 470; Radozhitskii, 128; Konshin, 283; Uxküll, 75.

22.
  Radozhitskii, 130.

23.
  Ermolov, 48; Simanskii, 159; 1812 g
od v Vospominaniakh sovremennikov
, 113.

24.
  Grabbe, 440; Mitarevskii, 41; Dubrovin, 73.

25.
  Wolzogen, 132–3; Ermolov, 56.

26.
  Josselson, 115; W.H. Löwenstern, I/240, 244; E. Löwenstern, 113.

27.
  Clausewitz, 133; Grabbe, 454–5, 455, records this story at Dorogobuzh, but it
seems he is confusing the argument between Bagration and Toll with that between Bagration and Barclay at Dorogobuzh – see Bennigsen,
Zapiski
, July 1909, 115; Koliubakhin,
1812 god. Poslednie dni komandovania
…, 468.

28.
  Gosudarstvenno Istoricheskii Muzei, 176, 188; Dubrovin, 95–6; Josselson, 124.

29.
  Grabbe, 46; Sukhanin, 279; Mitarevskii, 42; Muravev, 180; Konshin, 283; Grabbe, 47, 455.

30.
  Grabbe, 47.

31.
  Koliubakhin,
1812 god. Poslednie dni komandovania
…, 470; Clausewitz, 139; Gosudarstvenno Istoricheskii Muzei, 168; Radozhitskii, 128; Koliubakhin, ibid., 471; Barclay,
Tableau
, 38; Ermolov, 61; Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 44.

32.
  1812
god v Vospominaniakh, Perepiske i Raskazakh
, 22, 24, 28.

33.
  Ibid., 77.

34.
  
1812 god Voennie Dnevniki
, 139; Dubrovin, 64–5.

35.
  Khomutova, 321; Naryshkina, 141–2.

36.
  Kologrivova, 340–1;
1812 god v Vospominaniakh sovremennikov
, 96.

37.
  Naryshkina, 151.

38.
  
1812 god v Vospominaniakh, perepiske i raskazakh
, 48; Kologrivova, 341; Gosudarstvenno Istoricheskii Muzei, 181; Dubrovin, 102.

39.
  Khomutova, 319; Beskrovny,
Narodnoe Opolchenie
, 48, 64.

40.
  Bestuzhev-Riumin,
Zapiski
, 353–7.

Chapter 12: Kutuzov

1.
  Alexander, Corr. avec
sa soeur
, 82; Palmer,
Alexander
, 237; Bakunina, 409; Wilson,
Diary
, I/155; Butenev, 6.

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