Black May (62 page)

Penhale,
125

Penn,
144, 145, 233–34

Petroleum Industry War Council, 83

Philante,
(H.M.S.), 106

Phillips, Peter W., 264–66

Phillips, R. G, 183

Pich, Helmuth, 166, 185, 271

Piening, Adolf, 389

Pietzsch, Werner, 276

Pink,
H.M.S., 117, 132–33, 142–43, 144, 150, 152, 160, 169, 189–93, 196, 202, 203, 220, 222, 223, 232, 235, 353

Planned Flying and Maintenance,
91–93

Plomer, J, 136, 188, 214–19

Poel, Gustav, 184, 185, 358, 359

Poland, 316–17

Popp, Klaus, 226

Portal, Charles F. A., 109

Port Victor,
M.V. (refrigerator ship), 27–32

Poser, Günter, 395

Pound, Dudley, xxii, xxiii, 250–52,
254–55

Pratt, E. J., 120, 230

Price, Alfred, 76, 258–59

Prien, Günther, 46, 48–49

Primrose,
335

Prisoners of war (British), 315, 317–18

Prisoners of war (German), 282–329

experiences at sea, 285–305

morale of, 303–4, 325–29

from U-659/U-439 collision, 41–44

U-boat bases and, 314–25

weaponry and detection gear, 305–14

Probert, Henry, 392–93

Proctor, J. R. E., 359–60

PROCTOR (Mark XXIV Mine), 331, 340–46, 350, 360

P.615,
H.M.S., 362

Pückler und Limpurg, Wilhelm Heinrich Graf von, 143, 357

Purkhold, Hubertus, 185

Rabenau, Georg von, 136, 375

Radar, 15, 64, 69, 70–73, 76, 95, 97, 99–100, 103, 227–28, 244–45, 249, 258–60, 288, 311–13, 387

Radiogoniometer, 64

Raeder, Erich, 107–8

Rahn, Wilhelm, 282, 324, 329

Randall, John, 71

Rapid,
H.M.S, 23–24

Rasch, Hermann, 3

Rass, Heinz, 313

Raushenbush, Stephen, 241–50, 254, 257, 259–60, 280, 281, 390, 391

Rauschenbusch, Walter, 242

Reed, William, 149, 151

Regensburg,
SS, 42–43, 289, 291, 298,
314

Reid, H. E., 232–33

Rena,
116, 121, 230

Rendel, J. M., 90

Reuben James, U.S.S, 79

Rhodes, Dusty, 368

Rhododendron, H.M.S., 190

Roberts, Gilbert Howlands, 101–2, 105–6, 118, 175, 253, 390–91

Roberts, H. S. “Stinky,” 365, 370

Robertson, G. W., 90

Robertson, Neil, 26

Rockets, 362, 372–75

Röhm, Ernst, 24

Rohwer, Jürgen, 45, 69–70, 187

Rommel, Erwin, 79, 119

Roosevelt, Franklin D, 75, 109, 110

Rosenstiel, Jürgen von, 97

Rösing, Hans-Rudolf, 286

Roskill, Stephen W., xx, xxi, 45, 205,
238–39. 392–93

Rossiter, Geoffrey G, 270–71

Rossmann, Hermann, 357

Rotterdam Gerät,
244–45, 390–91

Rowe, A. P., 87–88

Rowland, J. M, 219

Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command, 388, 392

Royal Air Force (RAF) Coastal Command, xix, xviii, 73–77, 87–110

Blackett/Williams Plan, 248–53, 259–60

casualty rate, 4

convoy system.
See
Convoy system, escort of Convoy ONS.5, 141–42, 161–64, 201–2, 225, 228–29, 240

Operation Derange, 257–81, 389

Operation Enclose I, 257

Operation Enclose II, 257, 258, 259

Raushenbush (Stark) Plan, 241–52, 254, 255–56. 259–60

Royal Canadian Air Force, xix

Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), 59–60

Royal Navy, xviii

casualty rate, 4, 393

convoy system of.
See
Convoy system.

morale in, xxv—xvi

Royal Oak
(battleship), 46

Sabre,
H.M.S, 117–18

Sackville,
H.M.C.S, 149

St. Laurent,
H.M.S, 370–71

Sandanger,
334–35

Santee, Roger “Stomp,” 365, 367

Santee,
U.S.S, 392

Sapelo
, 116, 125

Sauerberg, Ernst, 15, 23

Schamong, Klemens, 367

Schauffei, Heinrich, 285–88, 301, 315–17, 319, 327

Schepke, Joachim, 24, 48

Schmid, Heinrich, 271, 285

Schnee, Adalbert, 48, 388

Schoenherr, Karl, 340–41

Scholtz, Klaus, 83

Schramm, Joachim, 375

Schroeter, Horst von, xxv-xxvi, 196, 362, 375

Schröter, Karl-Ernst, 248–49, 301, 372

Schuhart, Otto, 288

Schultze, Heinz-Otto, 299

Schwaff, Werner, 244–45, 279

Searchlights, airborne, 96–100, 109, 343

Second World War, The (Churchill),
238

Seekuh
(sea cow), 4–5

Seibicke, Günther, 337, 377

Selvistan,
198–201

Sennen,
H.M.S, 146, 220, 222–23, 230, 355. 356–58, 361

Seven Years War, 384–85

Sherwood, Robert Evan, 120, 145–47, 158–59, 175, 177, 185–86, 188–89, 198, 199, 201–4, 214, 230–31, 234–35, 239, 240

Shillong,
120

Short, Giles E, 67–68, 363, 365–66

Sickle,
H.M.S, 362

Siegmann, Paul, 274, 338

Sigint (signals intelligence), 55, 86

Silvaplana,
294–95, 313, 318, 326

Silver Ash
(freighter), 26

Simpson, G. W. G. “Shrimp,” 236, 237

Sinclair, Archibald, 27

Sixth Escort Group, 366

Skinner, W., 169

Slatter, Leonard H., 106–7

Slessor, John, 75, 92, 109–10, 241, 249, 250, 252, 253–54, 256, 258, 280–81, 389–92, 394

Smith, E. C. “Bertie,” 266, 267–68

Smith, Irving H., 140–41

Snorkel, 386–87

Snowdrop
, H.M.S., 190

Snowflake
, H.M.S., 117, 131, 134, 136–37, 138, 141, 142, 151–54, 160, 169, 171, 177–79, 189, 202, 210–16, 222, 232, 233, 235, 353, 358

Solberg, Thorvald, 242, 247

Solomons
, U.S.S., 371–72

Sonar, 62

Sorrel
, H.M.S., 152

Southern Pride
, 149

Spencer
, U.S.C.G.C., 284

Spey
, H.M.S., 146, 220, 222, 223, 224, 230, 355–56, 358

Stahl, Peter-Arthur, 272, 273

Stark, Harold R., 247, 250–52, 254–55

Starling,
H.M.S., 395

Staudinger, Oskar, 187, 197

Stearns, Robert L., 368

Steinert, Hermann, 376

Stephens, Cyril, 149–50

Stephenson, Gilbert “Puggy,” 100–101

Stines, James O., 368, 369, 371

Stock, Hans, 32–41, 44, 302

Stock, Ruprecht, 270

Stone, R., 199–200

Stonehouse, H. A., 184, 209–10

Sträter, Wolfgang, 158

Strelow, Siegfried, 304–5

Stummel, Ludwig, 52–53

Suhren, Reinhard, 48, 287

Sunflower
, H.M.S., 117, 133, 136, 160, 169, 171, 188–89, 197, 202, 211, 214–19, 222, 232, 233, 353

Swale
, H.M.S., 352

Tang,
U.S.S., 2

Task Group 92.3, 365–66

Tay,
H.M.S., 69, 117–19, 120, 121, 124, 125, 130–31, 134, 139, 141, 144, 145–47, 158–60, 166–67, 171, 175–76, 179, 184, 186, 188–89, 199–203, 212–16, 218, 219, 222, 230–36,
353–54, 358, 361

Taylor, Albert, 70

TBS (Talk Between Ships), 72

Techand, Werner, 355

Teichert, Max-Martin, 345–46

Telecommunications Research Establishment (T.R.E.), 76

Telefunken Company, 245

Test,
H.M.S., 377

Thetis
(Coast Guard cutter), 84

Third Escort (Support) Group (EG3), 129–30, 132, 144–46, 160, 232, 234, 237, 240

Thornton, F. H., 222–23

Tighe, WGS, 53, 54, 55

Tippelskirch, Helmut von, 40–43, 44

Tizard, Henry, 71–72, 87–88

Toltec
, S.S., 366

Topp, Erich, 79, 82, 287

Torpedoes (eels), xviii, 7–10

FAT
(Federapparattorpedo), 9–10,
306–10

launching of, 8

Mark XXIV Mine, 331, 340–46, 350, 360

T-1, G7a, “Ato,” 8–9

T-III, G7
e,
“Eto,” 9–10

T-V, G7e,
Zaunkönig
(wren), 10, 385–86

Torpex, 61, 63, 98, 180, 276

Treffer
, 138–39

Triton key, 55–56, 65, 86, 158

Tucker, Samuel M, 70

Tuna
, H.M.S., 362

Turgoose, J. E, 173

U–
47
, 46, 48

U
-89
, 337–40, 346

U-
107
, 27–29, 31–32, 99, 212

U-
123
, xxv-xvi, 7, 79–82, 85

U
—124,
11–12, 82

U-
160
, 40, 41, 82

U-
175
282, 284, 298

U
-186,
348–49

U
-258,
139, 156–58, 359

U-378,
132, 139

U
-381,
143, 357

U
-386,
132, 139, 154

U
-414,
376–77

U
-415,
264–66

U
-418,
331–32, 359, 360

U-
435
304–5

U-
436,
337–38, 377

U–
439,
38–44

U-
456,
345, 346

U
-459,
83, 128

U-
515,
xxviii, 1–3, 7–17, 24

U-
528,
132, 154

U-
332,
132, 138–39, 154, 185

U-
533,
219–20

U-
552,
79, 82

U-
640,
351, 354

U-
650,
132, 139

U-
639,
32–44

U-
752,
284, 285, 300–303, 372, 374

U-boats (general)

air attacks on, 6–7, 161–64, 389–93

Allied communications technology and, 49–56, 62–72

at-sea loss exchange rate, xxii, xxiii, 46–48, 60–61, 225–26, 380, 386

attacks on American ships, 78–87

construction of new, 46–47, 94–95

crew characteristics, 36–37, 103–5

data concerning, 93, 110–14, 193, 212, 219, 221, 392, 393

depth charges (D/C) against, 61–63, 89–91, 98

detection of submerged, 62–72, 387

food and provisions aboard, 34, 294–95

groups of.
See entries beginning with
Gruppe.

importance of individual commanders and, 48–49

improvements in convoy system and, 56–62, 73–77, 87–100, 110–14, 226–30, 350, 353–62

interior description, 33–36

nighttime attack technology, 95–100, 259–60

number of, 46–48

periscopes, 39, 387

prisoners of war.
See
Prisoners of war (German).

recharging needs of, 245–46, 386–87

refit time, xxiv-xxv

survivors from Battle for Convoy ONS.5, 331–32

Type IXB, 4, 6, 11–12, 27–29, 58, 79, 83, 178

Type IXC, 1–8, 12, 41, 97, 136, 137, 176, 178, 206, 209–10, 212, 375–76

Type VII, 6–7, 46, 83

Type VIIC, 34–35, 39, 40–43, 63, 64, 82, 124, 136, 166, 171, 178, 179–80, 197, 209, 216, 220–21, 227, 242–43, 304–5, 339–40, 345, 362, 376–77

Type XIV, 82–83, 128, 385

Type XXI, 6, 384, 387–88, 391

Type XXIII, 38–88

withdrawal from northern transatlantic convoy lanes, 378–81

See also Communications technology; Torpedoes; specific types.

Ultra, 51, 53, 55, 66, 122, 158

United States, xviii

German attacks on fleets of, 78–87, 286

U.S. Army Air Force, 392

U.S. Joint Army-Navy Assessment

Committee (JANAC), 195–96

U.S. National Defense Research

Committee (NDRC), 340–41

U.S. Navy, 2, 39, 60, 79, 85–86

Tenth Fleet, 362–63

Verband Deutscher U-Bootfahren e.V. (U-Boat Veterans Association), 284

Very high frequency voice radio-telephone system, 72

Vidette
, H.M.S., 117, 123, 125, 131, 139, 144,160, 176–77, 186, 187, 200, 202, 205–9, 216, 222, 230, 231, 235, 353, 361

Viscount
, H.M.S., 331–32

Visual search rate, 39

Wächter, Karljüng, 187, 217, 348

Waddington, C. H., 90, no, 254

Wahoo
, 22

Walker, Frederic John, 102, 118, 336, 395

Walkerling, Heinz, 54

Wandering Annie (Mark XXIV Mine), 331, 340–46, 350, 360

War at Sea
, The (Roskill), 238–39

War Cabinet, Anti-U-Boat Warfare Committee (A.U. Committee), xxi-xxii, 27, 109–10, 249, 250–57

Ward, D. V. Peyton (P.W.), 93, 97, 101, 249

Waroonga
, 209

Warspite, 146–47

Washington, George, xvii

Washington Convoy Conference, 344

Watson Watt, Robert, 70, 87–88, no, 243

Watt, Robert Watson, See Watson

Watt, Robert.

Wear
, H.M.S., 146, 220, 222, 223–24, 231, 355–56, 358

Webb, A. L., 181–82, 210

Weinberg, Gerhard L., 85

Wentworth
, S.S., 183–84, 193

Wenzel, Wolfgang, 187, 367

Werner, Herbert A., 338, 350

Western Approaches Tactical Unit (WATU), 101

Western Electric Company, 340–42

Western Isles
, H.M.S., 100

Western Ocean Meeting Point (WESTOMP), 230–31

West lvis
, 165

West Madaket
, 116, 189, 194, 196–97

West Maximus
, 116, 172, 173, 174, 177, 180

Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, Georg von, 83

Williams, Evan James, 88–90, 92, 111, 243, 247, 248, 251, 253, 254, 257, 259–60, 281, 390, 391

Wilson, D. A. ‘Willie,” 54–55

Wilson, T. P. Cameron, 148

Wimperis, H. E., 87–88

Winkler, Werner, 162, 163, 208–9

Winn, Rodger, xxi, xxv-xxvi, 51, 52, 54, 69, 80, 84, 86, 100, 128, 129, 158, 219, 229–30, 237, 239,
354–55,
394

Wintergarten
, 216

Wintermeyer, Max, 346

Witzendorff, Ernst von, 130, 222

Wolf, Heinz, 257, 268, 285

Wolfbauer, Leo, 274

Wolverine
, H.M.S., 23–24, 117–18

Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRNS; Wrens), 101–2, 393