Bolivar: American Liberator (90 page)

the illegitimate child, etc.:
Ibid., 9–15.

Thorne probably assisted him, etc.:
Ibid., 15–16.

fuddy-duddy with no intellectual brio:
Sáenz to Thorne, Oct. 1823, Vicente Lecuna, “Papeles de Manuela Sáenz,”
BOLANH,
28, no. 112 (1945), 501–2. Murray claims that it is more likely that this letter was written in 1829. It is undated in the Archivo del Libertador in Caracas.

a regular in patriot circles:
Murray,
For Glory and Bolívar
, 22–23.

distinguished Order of the Sun:
“Al patriotismo de las más sensibles,” Decreto de San Martín y B. Monteagudo, Jan. 11, 1822,
Gaceta del gobierno del Peru independiente
, Jan. 12, 1822.

Rosa de Campusano:
R. P. Pimentel,
Diccionario biográfico del Ecuador
,
www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/tomo6/c3.htm
.

By late May of 1822, etc.:
Murray,
For Glory and Bolívar
, 28, and for subsequent details.

gleaming, ebony hair, etc.:
Ibid., 33.

“Madam, . . . if only my soldiers”:
Bolívar to Sáenz, quoted in Ospina,
En busca de Bolívar
, 116.

protesting Colombia’s designs:
San Martín to SB, Lima, March 3, 1822,
San Martín, su correspondencia
(paginated by date).

Bolívar fired back:
SB to San Martín, Quito, June 22, 1822, SBO, II, 653–54.

blatant lack of decorum:
SB to Sáenz, Ica, April 20, 1825,
La más hermosas cartas de amor entre Manuela y Simón
(Caracas: Ed. de la Presidencia de la República, 2010), 47.

“I want to answer”:
SB to Sáenz, Cuartel general en Guaranda, July 3, 1822, 17.

thrilled and ignited his imagination:
O’Leary,
Bolívar y la emancipación
, 169.

a lover of nature, etc.:
Ibid.

He thought of this now, etc.:
Ibid., 169–70.

the tallest peak on earth:
Until the early 1800s, it was believed Chimborazo was the world’s tallest peak. This is not so.

“Come to Chimborazo”:
SB to Rodríguez, Pativilca, Jan. 19, 1824, SBO, II, 885–86.

And yet historians disagree:
Lecuna includes it in his collection, Madariaga doesn’t mention it at all, and Masur calls it “forgery, and poor forgery at that” (see Lecuna in the citation below about Col. Vicente Aguirre; Masur,
Simón Bolívar
, 463). Polanco Alcántara believes it to be in SB’s hand, as does Pedro Grases (
Escritos Selectos
[Caracas: Bib. Ayacucho, 1989], 191). Bushnell includes it in
El Libertador: Writings.
Lynch prefers to remain “agnostic” (Lynch,
Simón Bolívar
, 171).

similarly elegiac document:
I owe this comparison to the Colombian writer Frank D. Bedoya Muñoz, who wrote about it in the magazine
Gotas de Tinta
, no. 1, Feb. 2010.

discovered among a Colombian colonel’s papers:
The original was never found. But Lecuna, the chief editor of SB’s papers, mentions the copy found in Quito, among the family papers of Col. Vicente Aguirre, an officer in the Colombian army. “My Delirium” was published for the first time in 1833, three years after SB’s death, in F. J. Yanes and Cristóbal Mendoza, eds.,
Colección de documentos relativos a la vida pública del Libertador
(Caracas, 1826–33). See Lecuna, “Mi delirio,”
BANH
, vols. 27–28, 138.

Most Latin American scholars:
Lynch, for one, says this, although he is not entirely convinced. Lynch,
Simón Bolívar
, 171.

offer of assistance and the invitation:
SB to San Martín, Quito, June 17, 1822, SBO, II, 647, and June 22, 1822, SBO, II, 653–54.

“I accept your generous proposal”:
San Martín to SB, July 13, 1822, Lima, O’L, XIX, 335.

seeking a prince from a royal family:
San Martín had sent his doctor, the Englishman James Paroissien, and J. García del Río in Dec. 1821, Paz Soldán, I, 271; see also San Martín to Gen. Miller, Brussels, April 9, 1827,
Documentos, Archivo de San Martín
, VII, 411. Nevertheless, San Martín’s emissaries apparently never had the chance to present his monarchical plan to a single chancellery in Europe. Robertson,
Rise of the Spanish American Republics
, 215.

found guilty of plotting:
L. Ornstein, “La guerra terrestre y la acción continental de la revolución argentina,” in
Historia de la nación argentina
, VI, 510–11.

powerful merchants hated him for it:
Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 197.

mounted a cruel campaign:
Bethell, 136.

He was at odds with his admiral:
Lord Cochrane to San Martín, Valparayso, Nov. 19, 1822,
Noticias del Perú
, vol. 13,
Lima justificada
(1822), 57–58.

On July 13, he set sail:
San Martín to SB, Lima, July 13, 1822, O’L, XIX, 335–36.

Colossal arches:
Espejo, 61.

resplendent in white and blue:
Ibid., 31.

stalked off in protest:
O’Leary,
Bolívar y la emancipación
, 177.

Bolívar invited Olmedo:
Ibid., 180; and O’Leary,
Detached Recollections
, 32.

tore down the flag of Guayaquil, etc.:
O’Leary,
Bolívar y la emancipación
, 180–81.

that he highly disapproved of it:
O’Leary,
Detached Recollections
, 32. At first, the people of Guayaquil believed SB was coming because he was sailing from their port back to Colombia (Espejo, 60), but it became evident that his was an occupying force. He went through the motions of holding a popular vote. In fact, an electoral college vote was discussed at the July 13 conference with SB; in compliance with his later promise
to San Martín, the vote was taken on July 31. The vote favored Colombia. But at that point, of course, the city was well under SB’s control, and San Martín was long gone. C. Destruge,
Historia de la revolución de octubre y campaña libertadora de 1820–1822
(Guayaquil: Elzeviriana, 1920), 342. Also R. Andrade,
Historia del Ecuador
, III (Guayaquil: Reed & Reed, 1934), 1353.

The junta was reconvened, etc.:
O’Leary,
Detached Recollections
, 33.

He took command of the city:
O’Leary,
Bolívar y la emancipación
, 180–81.

take command of it for Lima:
San Martín’s aide-de-camp Rufino Guido later confirmed that the Protector’s secret purpose was to take possession of Guayaquil before making his way overland to meet with the Liberator in Quito. R. Guido,
San Martín en la historia y en el bronce
, “Año del Libertador General San Martín” (Buenos Aires: República Argentina, 1950), 171, quoted in Lecuna,
La entrevista de Guayaquil
, 321.

in that cool predawn:
“Average Temperature and Rainfall in Guayaquil,”
http://www.hacienda-ecuador.com/Ecuador/Ecuador_4.html
.

“No, do not dismiss lightly”:
SB to San Martín, Guayaquil, July 25, 1822, SBO, II, 658–59.

Fleet boats of oarsmen:
“Relación de Rufino Guido,” quoted in Espejo, 95.

eventually, San Martín responded:
Mosquera, in
El Colombiano
, Bogotá, Oct. 28, 1861, cited in Villanueva,
Bolívar y el general San Martín
, 233.

met by a parade formation:
Espejo, 96.

“At last!”:
Ibid., 97.

Bolívar felt the moment deeply:
Lecuna,
La entrevista de Guayaquil
, 382.

tributes from the women:
Espejo, 97–98.

youngest of three flirtatious sisters:
The young women of the Garaycoa family, with whom SB came to be quite friendly. Joaquina made an impression on him when she first met him; she called him “El Glorioso.” He called her “La Gloriosa” after that, or
loca gloriosa
, or
amable loca.
His long correspondence with Joaquina and Manuela Garaycoa makes for lively reading. Some historians have concluded that a romance flared briefly between SB and Joaquina, although it may have been a merely well-documented flirtation.

snatched it from his head, etc.:
Espejo, 97–98.

The first question that arose:
Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 212.

a vote to determine the democratic will:
Ibid. Also SBC, III, 61.

ascribe all problems to the city’s fickleness:
Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 212.

a few hours between soldiers:
SBC, III, 57.

“the last battleground in America”:
San Martín to SB, July 13, 1822, O’L, XIX, 335–36.

commented, as politely as he could:
O’LN, II, 173.

army wasn’t large enough for that:
San Martín to Miller,
San Martín, su correspondencia, 1823–1850
, 66.

called for one of his aides:
Mitre,
Historia
, VI, 81.

a little more than a thousand:
San Martín to SB, Lima, Aug. 29, 1822, quoted in Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 203–5. This letter has been disputed by Lecuna, but Masur defends it persuasively. It was never disputed by Larrazábal, Mitre, or Paz Soldán, who refer to it with confidence. The strongest defense of its authenticity is that it was published by San Martín’s acquaintance Gabriel Lafond de Lurcy,
Voyages autour du monde
(Paris, 1843), during San Martín’s lifetime. San Martín, who died in France
in 1850, never disputed it, although he was known to dispute other documents after his withdrawal from Peru.

he calculated to be 9,600:
San Martín to SB, July 13, 1822, O’L, XIX, 335–36.

Controlling himself with great difficulty:
Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 215.

implored Bolívar to come to Peru, etc.:
San Martín to SB, July 13, 1822, O’L, XIX, 335–36.

too delicate to pursue:
Ibid.

“I couldn’t get a clear answer”:
D. F. Sarmiento,
Vida de San Martín
(Buenos Aires: Claridad, 1950), 186. The interview with Sarmiento was on July 15, 1846.

The only conclusion:
Gen. T. Guido,
San Martín y la gran epopeya
(Buenos Aires: El Ateneo, 1928), 242.

he didn’t trust him completely:
Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 220.

his plan for establishing a monarchy:
SB to Sucre, Guayaquil, July 29, 1822, SBO, II, 663–65; SB to Santander, July 29, 1822, ibid., 667.

“Sound out the general’s spirit”:
Briceño Mendez to Ibarra, Maracaibo, Sept. 7, 1821, O’L, XVIII, 497–98. This is a memo with SB’s instructions, signed by his secretary (and nephew-in-law) Pedro Briceño Méndez.

sent a delegation of diplomats:
San Martín to Gen. Miller, Brussels, April 9, 1827,
Documentos del Archivo de San Martín
, VII, 411.

as somber and impenetrable:
Mitre,
Historia
, 75.

deeply mortified:
Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 218.

pronouncements from the balcony, etc.:
“Relación de Rufino Guido,” in Espejo, 80.

Little was said:
Ibid.

Little is known:
Masur writes that they spoke about San Martín’s political quandaries, but this can be said for the whole visit. Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 216.

how the people of Lima would characterize:
Larrazábal,
Vida
, II, 160.

resign his position, etc.:
SB to Sucre, ibid.

resignation in a sealed envelope:
Ibid.

not a single trump card:
Masur, “The Conference of Guayaquil,” 202.

From Manuela Sáenz and others, etc.:
Langley, 81.

“Good God, I want no more,” etc.:
SB to Santander, ibid.

cost Bolívar 8,000 pesos:
SB to Santander, Guayaquil, Aug. 27, 1822, SBO, II, 676. “I haven’t had any extraordinary expenses, except for the dinner in San Martín’s honor, on which I spent eight thousand pesos.”

“Gentlemen, . . . I offer a toast”:
Espejo, 100. Also E. Colombres Marmol,
San Martín y Bolívar
(Buenos Aires: Coni, 1940), 67–68.

“To the swift termination of this war”:
Espejo, ibid.

greeted with great warmth:
Ibid.

San Martín was resolutely unresponsive:
Colombres Marmol, 68.

not through a side door, undetected:
Villanueva, 253.

“a sincere memento”:
San Martín to Gen. Miller, Brussels, April 19, 1827,
Documentos del Archivo de San Martín
, VII, 411.

the last two words San Martín would have used:
Villanueva, ibid.

less than forty hours in Guayaquil:
He arrived midday on July 26 and left on July 28, at 2
A.M.
Espejo, 94–96, 102.