Born Fighting (37 page)

49. Neal T. Jones, ed.,
A Book of Days for the Literary Year
(New York: Thames and Hudson, 1984), March 20, November 26.
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50. John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, Jr.,
From Slavery to Freedom
, 7th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994), p. 123.
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51. Ibid.
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52. Cash,
The
Mind of the South
, p. 14.
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53. Ibid., p. 55.
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54. Parrington,
Main Currents in American Thought
, vol. 2, p. 63.
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55. Ibid., p. 64.
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56. Ibid.
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57. As quoted in the James Madison University document, “Growth and Expansion of the United States in the Era of James Madison,” part 3, p. 9. See
http://www.jmu.edu/madison/1810pop.htm
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58. Cash,
The
Mind of the South
, pp. 23–24.
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59. Ibid., p. 45.
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60. Fischer,
Albion’s Seed
, pp. 854–55.
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61. Ibid., pp. 856–59.
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62. South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession, quoted in Commager,
The Blue and the Gray
, pp. 6–7.
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63. Shelby Foote,
The Civil War: A Narrative
(New York: Random House, 1958), vol. 1, p. 48.
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64. Fischer,
Albion’s Seed
, p. 860.
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65. Douglas Southall Freeman, quoted in Commager,
The Blue and the Gray
, pp. xxix–xxx.
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66. James Webb,
Fields of Fire
(New York: Bantam, 2001), pp. 35–36.
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67. Foote,
The Civil War
, vol. 3, p. 1040.
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68. Commager,
The Blue and the Gray
, p. xxxvi.
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69. Cash,
The
Mind of the South
, p. 32.
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70. Ibid., p. 45.
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71. See John A. Scott, ed.,
Living Documents in American History
(New York: Washington Square Press, 1964), pp. 644–45. The Emancipation Proclamation specifically excluded much of southern Louisiana including the entire city of New Orleans, most of eastern Virginia including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, and all of West Virginia, plus the Union slaveholding states of Missouri, Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky in their entirety.
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72. Professor Parrington won the Pulitzer Prize for
Main Currents in American Thought
in 1928, receiving two thousand dollars, double the usual prize award, for his book.
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73. Parrington,
Main Currents in American Thought
, vol. 2, p. 84.
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74. Ibid., p. 85.
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75. Ibid., p. 88.
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76. Ibid., p. 92.
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77. Ibid., p. 91.
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78. The slave states were Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
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79. As quoted in Paul M. Angle,
The Civil War Years
(New York: Doubleday, 1967), p. 41.
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80. Ibid.
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81. Foote,
The Civil War
, vol. 1, p. 86.
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82. Ibid., p. 88.
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83. Statistics are derived from an article by Omer Addington in the
Scott County, Virginia Star
, March 28, 1990.
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84. See, e.g., Professor William Winston Fontaine, “The Descent of General Robert Edward Lee from Robert the Bruce, of Scotland,” papers of the Southern Historical Society, March 29, 1881.
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85. Grady McWhiney and Perry D. Jamieson,
Attack and Die
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1982), p. 180.
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PART SIX: RECONSTRUCTION. DIASPORA. REEDUCATION?

1. James Webb,
Fields of Fire
(New York: Bantam, 2001), p. 29.
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2. Wilbur Cash,
The Mind of the South
(New York: Vintage Books, 1969), p. 116.
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3. Ibid., pp. 106, 114.
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4. David Hackett Fischer,
Albion’s Seed
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 861–62.
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5. Frederick Douglass, “Reconstruction,”
Atlantic Monthly
, December 1866.
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6. John Hope Franklin,
From Slavery To Freedom
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974), p. 280.
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7. As quoted in
www.nv.cc.va.us/home/nvsageh/Hist122/Part1/DouglassRecon.htm
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8. Cash,
The Mind of the South
, pp. 121, 134–35.
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9. Ibid., p. 51.
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10. Norman Pollack, ed.,
The Populist Mind
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967), p. xx.
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11. George Brown Tindall, ed.,
A Populist Reader: Selections from the Works of American Populist Leaders
(New York: Harper & Row, 1966), p. 60.
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12. Pollack,
The Populist Mind
, pp. xxiv, xxviii.
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13. Thomas E. Watson, “The Negro Question in the South,”
The Arena
, VI (October 1892), pp. 540–50, quoted in Tindall,
A Populist Reader
, pp. 118–28.
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14. Cash,
The Mind of the South
, p. 251.
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15. Ibid., p. 219.
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16. Ibid., p. 283.
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17. John A. Lejeune (LA), Wendell C. Neville (VA), Alexander A. Vandegrift (VA), Clifton B. Cates (TN), Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (VA), Randolph M. Pate (SC), Leonard F. Chapman Jr. (FL), Louis H. Wilson, Jr. (MS), Robert H. Barrow (LA), Carl E. Mundy, Jr. (AL), James L. Jones, Jr. (MO), and Michael W. Hagee (TX).
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18.
The Congressional Medal of Honor
(Forest Ranch, CA: Sharp & Dunnigan Publications, 1984), pp. 504–42. These numbers discount double awards (army and navy) for the same action, and also one incident that occurred outside of combat.
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19. William Manchester,
American Caesar
(New York: Little, Brown & Company, 1978), p. 24.
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20.
Congressional Medal of Honor
, p. 542.
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21. Country Music Association statistics, October 2002.
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22. For a concise analysis of the issues as well as a bibliography that covers both sides of the religious debate, see Christopher Armstrong and Grant Wacker, “The Scopes Trial,” published by the National Humanities Center, October 2000. Available online at
http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080/tserve/tkeyinfo/tscopes.htm
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23. George M. Marsden,
Religion and American Culture
, p. 185, quoted in Armstrong and Wacker, “The Scopes Trial.”
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24. Armstrong and Wacker, “The Scopes Trial.”
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25. H. L. Mencken, “In Memoriam: WJB,” quoted in Alistair Cooke, ed.,
The Vintage Mencken
(New York: Vintage Books, 1955), p. 166.
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26. H. L. Mencken, “The Hills of Zion,” quoted in Cooke,
The Vintage Mencken
, p. 154.
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27. Mencken, “In Memoriam: WJB,” quoted in Cooke,
The Vintage Mencken,
pp. 165, 167.
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28. Ibid., p. 165.
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29. “Report to the President on the Economic Conditions of the South,” July 25, 1938 (Library of Congress Document), pp. 1–2.
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30. Ibid., pp. 53–55.
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31. Ibid., pp. 58–60.
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32. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.,
The Age of Jackson
(Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1953), p. 507.
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33. “Report to the President on the Economic Conditions of the South,” pp. 5, 7, 8, 19, 26–27.
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34. Ibid., pp. 22, 46.
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35. Ibid., p. 46.
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36. Ibid., pp. 49–51.
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37. Ibid., p. 26.
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38. This battleship visit is memorialized at Roosevelt’s former summer home in Campobello, off the coast of Maine along the Canadian border.
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39. Manchester,
American Caesar
, pp. 156–57.
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40. “A Valley in the Shadow of Debt,”
The Economist
, July 19, 2003, p. 23.
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41. Dates and figures on the World War II mobilization impact on military bases are taken from the command histories of each military base mentioned.
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42. U.S. Census Bureau figures. Arkansas’ population in 1941 was 1.97 million. By 1956 it was 1.7 million. In 1970 it was 1.92 million. West Virginia’s population in 1940 was 1.9 million. By 1950 it had risen to 2.0 million. By 1970 it was 1.7 million. Today it is 1.8 million.
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43. See
www.pattonhq.com
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44. Walter Russell Mead, “The Jacksonian Tradition,”
National Interest
(Winter 1999–2000), pp. 11–12.
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45. Ibid., pp. 8–9.
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46. Schlesinger,
The
Age of Jackson
, p. 506.
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47. “My How You’ve Changed,”
The Economist
, July 5, 2003, p. 28.
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PART SEVEN: REFLECTIONS: THE UNBREAKABLE CIRCLE

1. David M. Halbfinger and Steven A. Holmes, “Military Mirrors Working-Class America,”
New York Times
, March 30, 2003, at
www.nytimes.com
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2. Michael Lind,
Vietnam: The Necessary War
(New York: Free Press, 1999), p. 109.
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3. Portions of this narrative first appeared in an article written by the author in
American Legion
magazine, September 2003.
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4. Presidential news conference, April 21, 1961, at
www.jfklibrary.org/jfk_press_conference_610421.htm
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5. Portions of this narrative first appeared in an article written by the author in
American Enterprise
magazine, August 2000.
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6.
Harvard
magazine, September–October 1995, p. 47.
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7. The numbers are for members of those undergraduate classes who died while serving in the military, according to telephone inquiries with the registrar’s office of each university, 1986.
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8. Harris survey, August 1972, Survey Collection Harris / 2234, available online from the Odom Institute at
http://cgi.irss.unc.edu/tempdocs/20:52:35:1.htm
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9. As published in Andrew M. Greeley,
Ethnicity, Denomination and Inequality
(Beverly Hills: Sage Publications), Series Number 90-029, 1976.
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10. Ron K. Unz, “Some Minorities Are More Minor Than Others,”
Wall Street Journal
editorial page, November 16, 1998.
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11. Ken Ringle, “The Celt Belt,”
Washington Post
, July 3, 2003, p. C1.
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About the Author

J
AMES
W
EBB
is the author of six best-selling novels, including
Fields of Fire
and
The Emperor’s General
. He is also a filmmaker
(Rules of Engagement)
, an Emmy Award–winning journalist, and has taught literature at the university level. One of the most highly decorated Marines of the Vietnam War, he served as Assistant Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Navy during the Reagan administration.