Brontës (225 page)

54.
LI
, 15 June 1861 p.5.

55.
Ibid.,
Bradford Review
, 13 June 1861 p.2;
HG
, 15 June 1861 p.5.

56.
LI
, 15 June 1861 p.5. L&D, 527, 529 state that permission had to be obtained from the Secretary of State for Patrick's burial because the churchyard had been closed. This would seem to have been unnecessary. Although an order of Council issued on 28 July 1856 had closed all churchyards and burial grounds in the parish of Bradford with immediate effect, an exemption was made for ‘private vaults and graves which can be opened without the disturbance of remains, in which each coffin shall be embedded in powdered charcoal, and separately entombed in an airtight manner':
HG
, 2Aug 1856 p.2. It may have been necessary, of course, to demonstrate that this was the case and acquire a faculty in order for a burial to go ahead.

57.
'N' in
Bradford Review
, 12 Oct 1861 p.5.

58.
HG
, 29 June 1861 p.5. Burnett took I Thessalonians, ch.4vv.16–17 as the text for his sermon.

59.
HG
, 10 Aug 1861 p.4; 17 Aug 1861 p.5. A friend of both Branwell and Nicholls, Sowden was ‘about 46 years of age' and had ‘won the respect and esteem of all – church-men and dissenters alike. In him the church has lost a faithful and diligent servant, and the poor a generous friend. Of a philosophical turn of mind, Mr Sowden was noted as a geologist and an ardent lover of nature. Excursionists into the deep and lovely valleys of this secluded district looked forward to his company with much anticipation and delight': ibid, 10 Aug 1861 p.4.

60.
Ibid., 17 Aug 1861 p.5.

61.
'N' in
Bradford Review
, 12 Oct 1861 p.5.

62.
See, for example, WG
CB
, 567; L&D, 529.

63.
ECG to WSW, 20 Dec 1860 [C&P, 641–2]; Meta Gaskell to unidentified, 25 Oct 1860 [L&D, 521–2]; Charles Hale to his mother, 11 Nov 1861 [
BST
:15:77:128–9]. In the immediate aftermath of the publication of ECG,
Life
, Nicholls himself believed that
gossip in Haworth blamed him for supplying Gaskell with lurid anecdotes about Haworth and that Sarah Baldwin, the defender of the Clergy Daughters' School, was trying to stir up ill-feeling in the parish against him: ABN to GS, 23 May 1857: MS File 8 no.30 p.3, JMA; Revd William Baldwin to ABN, 13 Aug 1857: MS pp.3, 5, in private hands.

64.
See, for example, Ernest Raymond, quoted in Reid, 194–6 and Walter White, ‘An Early Visitor to Haworth',
BST
:16:83:219–21. See also the local people quoted in Cautley, ‘Old Haworth Folk who Knew the Brontës', 76–84, Whiteley Turner,
A Spring-Time Saunter Round and About Brontë Land
, 212 and above, pp.839.

65.
'N' in
Bradford Review
, 12 Oct 1861 p.5. See above n.56.

66.
Bradford Observer
, 29 Mar 1860 p.5;
Bradford Review
, 31 Mar 1860 p.5. When Wade was presented with a testimonial by his former parishioners at Daisy Hill, Bradford, a post he had resigned in expectation of getting the incumbency of Girlington, Burnett announced that ‘he disbelieved the charges against Mr Wade, and expressed the fullest confidence in him. He felt it to be due to himself to demand, at an early period, an explanation of the “insuperable difficulty” which it had been alleged stood in the way of the election of Mr Wade to the incumbency of Girlington Church': ibid. Perhaps the Simeon Trustees had found Wade's views, like Revd William Carus Wilson's, ‘unduly Calvinistic' (see above, p.1015 n.86), something which might have been in his favour at Haworth.

67.
L&D, 531.

68.
Burials, Haworth (25 June–4 Aug 1861); Baptisms (23 June–18 Aug 1861); see above p.918.

69.
Nicholls signed himself ‘O.M.' on 11 August 1861 when he baptized 2 children but this may have been force of habit: he had reverted to ‘curate' by 18 August: Baptisms, Haworth. For the public announcement of Wade's appointment see
Halifax Courier
, 21 Sept 1861 p.5.

70.
BO
, 26 Sept 1861 p.4.

71.
HG
, 28 Sept 1861 p.8;
Bradford Review
, 26 Sept 1861 p.2; Baptisms, Haworth (22 Sept 1861).

72.
Haworth Parsonage, Notice of Sale, 1 Oct 1861: MS BS x, H, BPM [Joanna Hutton, ‘The Sale at Haworth Parsonage',
BST
:14:75:46–50 extracts only].

73.
Charles Hale to his mother, 11 Nov 1861 [
BST
:15:77:128]. Nicholls signed the registers for the last time on 17 September 1861, the last duties before Wade arrived for his inaugural sermon: Baptisms, Haworth (17 Sept 1861); Burials, Haworth (17 Sept 1861). Nicholls' last wedding had been on 29 July 1861: Joseph Grant acted in the brief interregnum, including officiating at a marriage on 21 Sept 1861: Marriages, Haworth.

74.
Ann Dinsdale, ‘Martha Brown: Life after the Brontës', BST:24:1:97–101; Marjorie Gallop, ‘Charlotte's Husband: Sidelights from a Family Album',
BST
:12:64:298–9; ‘Reminiscences of a Relation of Arthur Bell Nicholls',
BST
:15:79:347; Martha Brown, Gravestone, Haworth Churchyard; Martha Brown, Funeral Card, 19 Jan 1880: MS in private hands. Martha was still in Nicholls' employment in the spring of 1874 when Leyland met her on one of her trips home: Francis Leyland, Memos, 28 Jan 1874: MS no.7 and 21 May 1874, MS E.2008.3 p.4, BPM.

75.
BST
:11:60:374 quoting Ethel Selkirk. Nicholls' new home, where he lived until his death, was Hill House, Banagher, which has recently been refurbished.

76.
Gallop, ‘Charlotte's Husband: Sidelights from a Family Album',
BST
:12:64:299; ‘Reminiscences of a Relation of Arthur Bell Nicholls',
BST
:15:79:348;
BST
:11:60:374 quoting Ethel Selkirk.

77.
Gallop, ‘Charlotte's Husband: Sidelights from a Family Album',
BST
:12:64:299; ABN, Gravestone, Banagher Churchyard, Co. Offaly (Formerly King's County): The inscription in full reads: ‘In Loving Memory of the The Revd Arthur Bell Nicholls, formerly curate of Haworth, Yorkshire, who died at the Hill House Banagher, December 2nd 1906, aged 88. Also of Mary Anna, his wife who died at the Hill House Banagher, February 27th 1915, aged 83'. I am grateful to Vicki Fattorini for supplying me with photographs of the church and gravestone.

78.
Sotheby's Sale of Books and Manuscripts, 26 July 1907 and 19 June 1914. See above, n.77 for Mary's death.

79.
It was not until the last decade or so of his life that he was harassed by the acquisitive Clement Shorter and his notorious forger friend, Thomas J. Wise: the story of how they acquired Nicholls' manuscripts (and Ellen's) is a nefarious one which ought to be told.

80.
Gaskell died suddenly of a heart-attack in the midst of regaling her family with an anecdote: Jenny Uglow,
Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories
(London, 1993), 609–10.

81.
James Taylor died as a result of complications following a fall and is buried in the Bombay cemetery where the perfunctory inscription on his tomb, ‘James Taylor. Died April 29, 1874, aged 57', belies the respected status he had achieved:
LCB
, ii, liii-lv;
L&L
, iv, 312. William Smith Williams died in retirement at Twickenham on 21 August 1875, aged 75: Norman Perry,
The Discovery of Charlotte Brontë: William Smith Williams 1800–1875: A Genealogical Quest
(Surrey, 2006), 36. George Smith died on 6 April 1901, aged 77, the year after the completion of his
Dictionary of National Biography
begun in 1882:
LCB
, ii, li-liii.

82.
Constantin Heger died on 6May 1896 aged 86; his wife predeceased him, dying on 9 January 1890: the Pensionnat Heger closed in 1894:
L&L
, i, 251 n.1;
LCB
, i, 92–3.

83.
Wooler Family Tree, BPM; Blakeley, ‘Memories of Margaret Wooler and her Sisters',
BST
:12:62:114.

84.
Juliet Barker, ‘Mary Taylor',
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(Oxford, 2004), no.53213; Stevens, 142–7.

85.
EN to T.J. Wise, Nov 1892, MS in Brotherton [Stevens, 147–8].

86.
EN to GS, 1 June [1860]: MS File 7 no.5, JMA. See also EN to GS, 15 Aug 1860: MS File 7no.8, JMA.

87.
EN to GS, 20 Feb 1869: MS File 7no.18, JMA.

88.
EN to GS, 16 Feb 1869: MS File 7no.18, JMA.

89.
ABN to [?Clement Shorter], 12 July 1898: MS p.2, Fales.

90.
The only pieces she succeeded in publishing were her own memoir, ‘Reminiscences of Charlotte Brontë',
Scribner's Monthly
(May 1871), reprinted in
BST
:2:10:58–83, and some excerpts from Charlotte's letters in
Hours at Home
(April 1871). For her failed attempts to publish the letters, including a private publication edited by J. Horsfall Turner, which had to be pulped, see
LCB
, i, 33–52.

91.
See, for example, William Scruton, ‘Reminiscences of the late Miss Ellen Nussey',
BST
:1:7:24–42; ‘M.C.', ‘Memories of Ellen Nussey',
BST
:11:56:40–1; Helen Arnold, ‘The Reminiscences of Emma Huidekoper Cortazzo: A Friend of Ellen Nussey',
BST
:13:68:228–9.

92.
LCB
, i, 93–5;
BO
, 29 Nov 1897 p.4.

93.
PB to ECG, 30 July 1857: MS EL B121 p.3, Rylands [
LRPB
, 258].

94.
Uglow,
Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories
, 399.

INDEX

NOTE: Works by Anne, Branwell, Charlotte and Emily Brontë appear directly under title; other works appear under the author's name.

Abbott, John,
60
787

Act of Union (1801),
4
503

Aglen (Bradford carver and gilder),
356

Agnes Grey
(Anne Brontë): home life in,
161
on governess's life,
358
593
difficult children in,
360
593
writing,
590
qualities,
593
publication,
619
636
reception
630
637
sales,
634
955
Smith, Elder issue reprint with Charlotte's preface,
771
782
785
Mrs Gaskell on,
978

Aked, Robert,
172
260

Alexander, Miss,
567
748

Allbutt, Marianne (
née
Wooler),
199
328
496

Allbutt, Revd Thomas,
328
332

Allerton (Yorkshire),
73

Allison, William,
552
584

Ambleside (Lake District),
769
782
786

Anderson, John Wilson,
356
434

Anderton, Revd William,
120

Andrew, Dr Thomas,
106
117
death and funeral,
464

Andrews, Miss (Cowan Bridge teacher),
145
146
148
150

Angria (imaginary world),
175
185
210
225
233
235
241
267
270
273
276
282
288
294
302
305
314
316
319
321
4
337
353
411
451
546
567
575
590
619

‘Appeal' (Emily Brontë poem),
402

Arabian Nights,
186

Armer, Thomas,
391

Armitage, Sir George,
45
52

Armstrong, William,
751

Arnold, Matthew,
783
‘Haworth Churchyard',
917

Arnold, Thomas,
769
778

Askew, Anne,
452

Athenaeum
(journal): reviews
Poems
,
587
reviews
Jane Eyre
,
632
on the Bells,
637
reviews
Wildfell Hall
,
665
James Taylor sends to Charlotte,
771

Atkinson, Frances (
née
Walker),
70
75
81
marriage,
86
and Charlotte's attendance at Roe Head school,
200
Charlotte's visits,
206

Atkinson, Frances (of Broughton): and daughter,
391

Atkinson, Henry,
784

Atkinson, Revd Thomas,
54
70
75
marriage,
86
at Mirfield,
200
on staff of Roe Head,
329

Atlas
(journal),
637

Austen, Jane: Charlotte reads,
646
749

Aykroyd, Tabitha: at Haworth Parsonage,
114
155
165
503
509
and Brontë children's exuberance,
175
Ellen Nussey describes,
226
fractures leg,
300
333 leaves Brontës' service,
371
present from Ellen Nussey,
624
at Emily's funeral,
683
and Anne's final trip to Scarborough,
698
suffers from fall,
713
dislikes Richmond portrait of Charlotte,
766
influenza,
812
and Charlotte's wedding,
893
ill with diarrhoea,
905
death,
909

Aylott & Jones: publish
Poems
,
572
579
588
666

‘Azrael' (Branwell Brontë poem),
468

Babbage, Benjamin Herschel,
750

Baines, Edward,
850

Baldwin, Cradock & Joy (publishers),
87