Brothers in Arms (95 page)

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Page 279
11. Zhang Baijia, "The Shaping of New China's Diplomacy,"
Chinese Historians
13-14 (1994): 62.
12. Andrei Ledovsky, "Mikoyan's Secret Mission to China in January and February 1949,"
Far Eastern Affairs
(Moscow) 2 (1995): 72-94, esp. 75-7; Shi Zhe,
Zai lishi juren shenbian,
370-2.
13. See Shi Zhe (trans. Chen Jian), "With Mao and Stalin: The Reminiscences of a Chinese Interpreter,"
Chinese Historians
5, no. 1 (Spring 1992): 45-56. For a Soviet account of the visit, see Ledovsky, "Mikoyan's Secret Mission," 72-94. It is interesting and important to note that the Chinese and Soviet accounts of this visit are highly compatible.
14. See S. Tikhvinsky, "The Zhou Enlai 'Demarche' and the CCP's Informal Negotiations with the Americans in June 1949,"
Problemy Dalnego Vostoka
3 (1994).
15. For a more detailed account of Liu's visit to the Soviet Union, see Shi Zhe (trans. Chen Jian), "With Mao and Stalin: The Reminiscences of Mao's Interpreter, Part II: Liu Shaoqi in Moscow,"
Chinese Historians
6, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 67-90; Zhu Yuanshi, "Liu Shaoqi's Secret Visit to the Soviet Union in 1949,"
Dangde wenxian
3 (1991): 74-81.
16. Shi Zhe,
Zai lishi jüren shenbian,
436. In the Soviet minutes of this conversation, however, this statement was not included. See "Conversation between Stalin and Mao, Moscow, December 16, 1949,"
CWIHP Bulletin
6-7 (Winter 1995/1996): 5-7. We believe that a possible answer to this discrepancy could lie in the cultural differences between Chinese and Soviet interpreters. For a discussion, see Chen Jian, "Comparing Russian and Chinese Sources: A New Point of Departure for Cold War History," ibid., 21.
17. Telegram, Mao Zedong to Liu Shaoqi, December 18, 1949, in Zhang Shuguang and Chen Jian, eds.,
Chinese Communist Foreign Policy and the Cold War in Asia, doc.
no. 2.41; conversation between Stalin and Mao, Moscow, December 16, 1949,
CWIHP Bulletin
6-7 (Winter 1995/1996): 5-7.
18. Telegrams, Mao Zedong to the CCP CC, January 2, 3, and 5, 1950, in Zhang and Chen, eds.,
Chinese Communist Foreign Policy and the Cold War in Asia,
doc. nos. 2.45 and 2.46. See also "More on Mao in Moscow,"
CWIHP Bulletin
8-9 (Winter 1996/1997): 223-36.
19. For plausible discussions of the signing of the Sino-Soviet alliance, see Sergei

 

page_280<br/>
Page 280
Goncharov, John W. Lewis, and Xue Litai,
Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War
(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1993), chap. 4 (which we believe is the best chapter of the book); Pei Jianzhang,
Zhonghua renmin gongheguo waijiaoshi,
16-27.
20. During Mao's visit to the Soviet Union, China ordered 586 planes, including 280 fighters, 198 bombers, and 108 trainers and other planes. From February 16 to March 5, 1950, a mixed Soviet air defense division, following the request of the PRC government, moved into Shanghai, Nanjing, and Xuzhou, to take responsibility for the air defense of these areas. From March 13 to May 11 this Soviet division shot down 5 GMD planes in the Shanghai area, greatly strengthening Shanghai's air defense system. Han Huanzhi and Tan Jinjiao,
Dangdai Zhongguo jundui de junshi gongzuo
[Military affairs of contemporary Chinese army] (Beijing: Jiexangjun, 1989), vol. 2, 161; Wang Dinglie,
Dangdai Zhongguo kongjun
[Contemporary Chinese air force] (Beijing: Jiexangjun, 1989), 78-9, 110.
21. Mao Zedong's address to the Sixth Session of the Central People's Government Council, April 11, 1950,
Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao,
vol. 1, p. 291.
22. Mao later would repeatedly recall that during his meetings with Stalin from December 1949 to February 1950, Stalin did not trust him and failed to treat him equally. See, for example, his statements to the Soviet ambassador in Beijing in 1956 and 1958 in
CWIHP Bulletin
6-7 (Winter 1995/1996): especially 155-6, 165-6.
23. We now know that in 1949 and early 1950, Kim Il Sung made extensive efforts to convince Stalin that there existed a real revolutionary situation on the Korean peninsula, so that he would get Stalin's support for his plans to unify Korea by military means. See, for example, Kathryn Weathersby, "Korea, 1949-1950: To Attack, or Not to Attack? Stalin, Kim Il Sung, and the Prelude to War,"
CWIHP Bulletin
5 (Spring 1995): 1, 2-9.
24. For a more detailed discussion, see Goncharov et al.,
Uncertain Partners,
chap. 5.
25. For Stalin' s discussions with Kim Il Sung, see Weathersby, "Korea, 1949-1950"; see also "New Russian Documents on the Korean War," trans. Kathryn Weathersby,
CWIHP Bulletin
6-7 (Winter 1995/1996): 36-9.
26. Mao Zedong, however, did not believe that the Americans would intervene directly in a revolutionary civil war in Korea. For a more detailed discussion, see Chen Jian,
China's Road to the Korean War: The Making of the Sino-American Confrontation
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), 88-90.

 

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