Colour Bar (54 page)

6.
Ebony
, June 1951.

7.
Sunday Dispatch
, 9 April 1950.

8.
Margaret Bourke-White to Bill, n.d., SUL (US), MB-W, Box 25.

9.
Tshekedi to Burns, December 1947, quoted in Parsons, Henderson and Tlou,
Seretse Khama
, p. 67.

10.
Dutfield,
A Marriage of Inconvenience
, p. 6.

11.
Charles Njonjo to author, 12 March 2004.

12.
Today
, 27 February 1960.

13.
Ebony
, June 1951.

14.
Sunday Dispatch
, 9 April 1950.

15.
Monks,
Eyewitness
, p. 274.

16.
Charles Njonjo to author, 12 March 2004.

17.
Seretse to Tshekedi, 12 September 1948, BNARS, S 5990/10.

18.
Dutfield,
A Marriage of Inconvenience
, p. 8.

19.
Sunday Dispatch
, 16 April 1950.

20.
Seretse to Tshekedi, 12 September 1948, BNARS, S 5990/10.

21.
Gabolebye Dinti Marobele to Head, 1974, in Head,
Serowe
, pp. 97–8.

22.
A. Sillery, ‘Working Backwards,' n.d., BLCAS, Mss Afr r 207.

23.
Copy of Baring to Douglas Buchanan, 22 September 1948, Annexure ‘H', TNA:PRO, DO 119/1279.

24.
Baring to Eric Machtig, 23 September 1948, TNA:PRO, CO 981/36.

25.
Douglas Buchanan to John Buchanan, 23 September 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1279.

26.
Douglas Buchanan to Ronald Orchard, 24 September 1948, SOAS, CWM/LMS, AF/37.

27.
Tshekedi to Seretse, 24 September 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1279.

28.
Quoted in Redfern,
Ruth and Seretse
, p. 35.

29.
Pilkington to Tshekedi, 27 September 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1279.

30.
Eugenics Society,
Aims and Objects of the Eugenics Society
, p. 4.

31.
Pilkington to Tshekedi, 27 September 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1279.

32.
Quoted in Smith,
When Jim Crow Met John Bull
, p. 70.

33.
Njonjo to author, 13 January 2005; Mwangilwa,
Nkumbula
, p. 25.

34.
Njonjo to author, 13 January, 2005.

35.
Syers to Baring, 27 September 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4113; Coupland to Syers, 29 September 1948, ibid.

36.
Hayford, ‘White Brides and Black Husbands,' p. 1009.

37.
Sir Charles Arden-Clarke to Sir Thomas Lloyd, 2 January 1952, TNA:PRO, CO 967/175.

38.
Winston James, ‘Black Experience in Twentieth-Century Britain', in Morgan and Hawkins (eds),
Black Experience and the Empire
, pp. 369–70.

39.
Quotation from interview with Sam King, in Phillips and Phillips,
Windrush
, p. 82.

40.
Political and Economic Planning,
Colonial Students in Britain
, pp. 85–6.

41.
Statement by Ruth's mother, quoted in Robins,
White Queen in Africa
, p. 54.

42.
Sunday Dispatch
, 16 April 1950.

43.
Saga Magazine
, June 1991.

44.
Charles Njonjo to author, 13 January 2005.

45.
Today
, 27 February 1960.

46.
Saga Magazine
, June 1991.

47.
Today
, 27 February 1960.

48.
Pilkington to Tshekedi, 27 September 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1279.

49.
Pilkington to Tshekedi, 27 September 1948, BNARS, S 169/15/1.

50.
Pilkington to Tshekedi, 27 September 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1279.

51.
John Buchanan to Douglas Buchanan, 26 September 1948, ibid.

52.
Today
, 27 February 1960.

53.
Charles Njonjo to author, 13 January 2005.

54.
Sunday Dispatch
, 16 April 1950.

55.
Today
, 27 February, 1960.

56.
Quoted in Benson,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 179.

57.
Coupland to Syers, 5 October 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4113.

58.
Quoted in Benson,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 178.

59.
Tshekedi to District Commissioner, Serowe, 11 October 1948, TNA: PRO, DO 119/1279.

60.
Quoted in Benson,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 179.

61.
Quoted in ibid.

1.
Mandela to Mary Benson, 1987, quoted in Sampson,
Mandela
, p. 161.

2.
Movietone newsreel, ‘African domain of Ruth Williams', 25 August 1949.

3.
These figures are given as an estimate in Tshekedi Khama (ed.),
Bechuanaland. A General Survey
, p. 2.

4.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, pp. 114–16.

5.
Chirenje,
Chief Kgama and His Times
, p. 6.

6.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 106.

7.
Figures for 1946, presented as an estimate in Tshekedi Khama (ed.),
Bechuanaland. A General Survey
, p. 2.

8.
Billy Woodford to Head, in Head,
Serowe
, p. 104.

9.
ibid., pp. 26–7.

10.
Quoted in Parsons,
The Word of Khama
, pp. 8 and 6.

11.
Photograph, Khama Family Papers.

12.
Tlhoka-Ina to Head, in Head,
Serowe
, pp. 84–6.

13.
Quoted in Head,
Serowe
, pp. 84–5.

14.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, pp. 112–14.

15.
Head,
Serowe
, p. 80.

16.
Seager,
The Shadow of a Great Rock
, p. 48.

17.
Lenyeletse Seretse to Head, in Head,
Serowe
, p. 81.

18.
Tlhoka-Ina to Head, in Head,
Serowe
, p. 86.

19.
Fawcus and Tilbury,
Botswana
, pp. 39–40.

20.
Bourke-White,
Portrait of Myself
, p. 316.

21.
The Journal of Queen Victoria, RA, VIC/QVJ, 1895: 19 November.

22.
Quoted in Parsons,
The Word of Khama
, p. 11.

23.
Bourke-White, ‘The White Queen', unpublished chapter from memoir, SUL (US), MB-W.

24.
Fawcus and Tilbury,
Botswana
, pp. 39–42.

25.
Estimated figure for 1968, given by Marit Kromberg in Head,
Serowe
, p. 115; no other figures are available.

26.
Ebony
, June 1951.

27.
Goareng Mosinyi to author, 12 November 2004.

28.
Fairlie,
No Time Like the Past
, p. 107.

29.
ibid., p. 142.

30.
Copies of briefs for Mr Braine' [1961], ‘Racial Discrimination', BLCAS, Mss Afr s 1256 (11).

31.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 19.

32.
Benson,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 97.

33.
Movietone newsreel, ‘Meet Kgosi Tshekedi in Exclusive Talk', 18 September 1933.

34.
Morton and Ramsay,
The Birth of Botswana
, p. 59.

35.
Constantine,
Colour Bar
, p. 183.

1.
Gerald Nettelton to Priestman, 1 November 1948, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4113.

2.
Wylie,
A Little God
, p. 181.

3.
Record of proceedings at Serowe, Harragin Enquiry, 16 November 1949, BNARS, S 599/11.

4.
Note of meeting held at Serowe on 28 and 29 December 1948, TNA:PRO, CO 981/36.

5.
Union Opdom, 6 January 1949, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4113, 120180.

6.
Quoted in A. J. Haile to Ronald Orchard, 17 May 1949, SOAS, CWM/LMS, AF/37.

7.
Haile to Orchard, ibid.

8.
Lenyeletse Seretse to Head, in Head,
Serowe
, p. 82.

9.
Seager,
The Shadow of a Great Rock
, p. 51.

10.
Sillery to Harragin, 4 January 1949, BNARS, S/69/15/3.

11.
Harragin to Cecil Syers, 25 April 1949, ibid.

12.
Daily Mail
, 7 January 1949.

13.
Today
, 12 March 1960.

14.
Bourke-White, ‘The White Queen', unpublished chapter from memoir, SUL (US), MB-W.

15.
Betty Thornton to author, 5 August 2004.

16.
Sunday Dispatch
, 16 April 1950.

17.
Gabolebye Dinti Marobele to Head, in Head,
Serowe
, p. 98.

18.
Goareng Mosinyi to author, 12 November 2004; Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 29.

19.
Sillery, ‘Working Backwards', n.d., BLCAS, Mss Afr r 207.

20.
Sillery to Tshekedi, 19 May 1949, Truman Library, Joseph Sweeney Papers, Box 2, File Bamangwato Tribal Dispute.

21.
Laurenson to Sillery, 1 June 1949, BNARS, S/69/15/3.

22.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, pp. 97–8.

23.
Vivien Ellenberger to Sillery, 22 June 1949, BNARS, S/69/15/3.

24.
‘Memorandum on Security Measures Ngwato Tribal Dissension: 1949', signed by Acting Commissioner, BP Police, BNARS, S 170/1/1.

25.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 29.

26.
Wylie,
A Little God
, p. 184.

27.
Fairlie,
No Time Like the Past
, pp. 138–9.

28.
Hatch,
New from Africa
, pp. 80–81.

29.
Fairlie,
No Time Like the Past
, p. 142.

30.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, pp. 91–2.

31.
Ellenberger to Sillery, 20 June 1949, BNARS, S/69/15/3.

32.
Record of Proceedings at Judicial Enquiry Re Seretse Khama, CRO [November 1949], vol. 14, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4123.

33.
Record of Proceedings at Judicial Enquiry Re Seretse Khama, ibid., vol. 13.

34.
Ellenberger to Sillery, 22 June 1949, BNARS, S/69/15/3.

35.
Record of Proceedings at Judicial Enquiry Re Seretse Khama, CRO [November 1949], vol. 14, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4123.

36.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, pp. 138–9.

37.
Record of Proceedings at Judicial Enquiry Re Seretse Khama, CRO [November 1949], vol. 14, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4123.

38.
ibid.

39.
ibid.

40.
Quoted in Wylie,
A Little God
, p. 186.

41.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 105.

42.
Report by Ellenberger on Kgotla of 20–25 June 1949, 29 June 1949, BLCAS, Mss Afr s 1181(1), A.

43.
Daily Mail
, 24 June 1949.

44.
Ellenberger to High Commissioner's Office, 23 June 1949, BNARS, S/69/15/3.

45.
Dubbeld,
Seretse Khama
, p. 13.

46.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 103.

47.
Parsons, Henderson and Tlou,
Seretse Khama
, p. 49.

48.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 92; emphasis added.

49.
Record of Proceedings at Judicial Enquiry Re Seretse Khama, CRO [November 1949], vol. 14, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4123.

50.
ibid.

51.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 108.

52.
Record of Proceedings at Judicial Enquiry Re Seretse Khama, CRO, [November 1949], vol. 10, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4123.

53.
Harragin Report, 1 December 1949, TNA:PRO, PREM 8/1308.

54.
Peto Sekgoma to Sullivan, 1 July 1947, BNARS, S 170/1/1.

55.
Heads of the Bangwato Tribe to Sullivan, 18 July 1949, BNARS, S 170/1/4.

56.
G. M. Kgosi to Philip Noel-Baker, 8 August 1949, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1280.

1.
Today
, 12 March 1960.

2.
Betty Thornton to author, 5 August 2004.

3.
John and Esme Goode to author, 29 March 2004.

4.
See press cuttings in SOAS, CWM/LMS AF/39.

5.
Sunday Dispatch
, 16 April 1950.

6.
Robins,
White Queen in Africa
, p. 50.

7.
Betty Thornton to author, 5 August 2004.

8.
Keith to Tait, 13 July 1949, TNA:PRO, CO 981/36.

9.
Pretoria News
, 6 July 1949.

10.
Today
, 12 March 1960.

11.
Betty Thornton to author, 5 August 2004.

12.
Sunday Dispatch
, 2 April 1950.

13.
Saga Magazine
, June 1991.

14.
Nettelton to Ellenberger, 4 July 1949, BNARS, S/69/15/3.

15.
Nettelton to Tait, quoted in Noel-Baker to Baring, 6 August 1949, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1284.

16.
Minute by Tait, 13 July 1949, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4114.

17.
Keith to Jeffries, 4 March 1949, TNA:PRO, CO 981/36.

18.
John and Esme Goode to author, 29 March 2004.

19.
Marwick,
The Home Front
, p. 23.

20.
ibid., p. 28.

21.
ibid., p. 157.

22.
Monks,
Eyewitness
, p. 270.

23.
John and Esme Goode to author, 29 March 2004.

24.
Marwick,
The Home Front
, p. 138.