Cowboys and Indies: The Epic History of the Record Industry (55 page)

Sutton, Allan.
Recording the Twenties: The Evolution of the American Recording Industry, 1920–29.
Denver, CO: Mainspring Press, 2008.

Szwed, John.
The Man Who Recorded the World.
London: Arrow Books, 2010.

Wade, Dorothy, and Justine Picardie.
Music Man: Ahmet Ertegun, Atlantic Records, and the Triumph of Rock ’n’ Roll.
New York: Norton, 1990.

Wexler, Jerry, and David Ritz.
Rhythm and the Blues: A Life in American Music.
New York: Knopf, 1993.

Wilentz, Sean.
Bob Dylan in America.
London: The Bodley Head, 2010.

Wilson, Brian.
Wouldn’t It Be Nice: My Own Story.
New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

Yetnikoff, Walter, with David Ritz.
Howling at the Moon: The True Story of the Mad Genius of the Music World.
New York: Broadway Books, 2004.

Zanes, Warren.
Revolutions in Sound: Warner Bros. Records, the First Fifty Years.
San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 2008.

AUTHOR INTERVIEWS:

Laurence Bell, Derek Birkett, David Betteridge, Harold Childs, Tim Clark, Lionel Conway, Stan Cornyn, Ray Cooper, Simon Draper, Terry Ellis, David Enthoven, Bob Garcia, Derek Green, John P. Hammond, Larry Harris, Tom Hayes, John Heyman, Jac Holzman, Art Jaeger, Craig Kallman, Danny Krivit, Al Kooper, Andrew Lauder, Andrew Loog Oldham, Daniel Miller, Martin Mills, Jerry Moss, Bruce Pavitt, Charly Prevost, Tony Pye, Dave Robinson, Rick Rubin, Tom Silverman, Seymour Stein, Howard Thompson, Geoff Travis, Ivo Watts-Russell, Chris Wright, Trevor Wyatt, Patrick Zelnik.

SPECIAL THANKS TO THE FOLLOWING FOR VARIOUS SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Thomas H. White for his invaluable help on radio history, Patrick Feaster for his research on Thomas Edison, Rick Bleiweiss, Steve Knopper, David Ritz, Stephen Lispon, Nigel House.

INDEX

The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

Abramson, Herb

Ace

Ackerman, Paul

Adams, Bryan

Adele

Adler, Lou

AIR

Ales, Barney

Aletti, Vince

Alex, Magic

Alexander, Willard

Almanac Singers

Alpert, Herb.
See also
A&M

alternative rock

Altshuler, Robert

A&M

British branch

formation of

honesty and integrity

Human League

Island partnership

Jackson, Janet

Mendes, Sergio

New Wave acts

sale to PolyGram

Sex Pistols

Supertramp

American Federation of Musicians

American Graphophone Company

American Recordings

Ammons, Albert

Anderle, David

Andrews Sisters

Angel

Animals

Anna Records

Appel, Mike

Apple Corps

Apple iTunes Store

ARC (American Record Corporation)

Arista

A&R men.
See
record men;
specific individuals

Armstrong, Albert

Armstrong, Louis

Armstrong, Roger

Aronowitz, Al

ASCAP

Asher, Dick

Asia (rock group)

Aspinal, Neil

Asylum and Elektra/Asylum

Atlantic Records

Asylum financing and distribution

Bee Gees

Blind Faith

Buffalo Springfield

Charles, Ray

Cream

Crosby, Stills & Nash

disco

founding of

Franklin, Aretha

Hendrix, Jimi

Hot 100
hits

independent radio promoters

Island distribution

Led Zeppelin

R&B

Rolling Stones

sale to Warner–Seven Arts

Warner Communications merger

Young Rascals

AT&T

Austin, Nick

Avakian, George

Babitz, Mirandi

Backe, John

Backstreet Boys

Badarou, Wally

Baez, Joan

Bahlman, Ed

Baker, Ginger

Ballard, Florence

Bambaataa, Afrika

Banks, Brian

Barraud, Francis

Barsalona, Frank

Basie, Count

BBC

Beach Boys

Beastie Boys

Beatles

albums

American tours and sales

Apple Corps

breakup

British tour

Dylan’s acquaintance and introduction to marijuana

under Epstein’s management

Klein management contract

Melody Maker
award

Parlophone deal

rejections

singles

worldwide sales

bebop

Bechet, Sidney

Bee Gees

Beggars Banquet Group

Bell, Alexander Graham

Bell, Laurence

Bell Labs

Benny, Jack

Berliner, Emile

Bernay, Eric

Berry, Ken

Bertelsmann

Best Buy

Beston, Ted

Betteridge, David

on Island’s management and downfall

on Marley and Wailers

on Oberstein’s reputation at CBS

on sale of Virgin

big bands

Big Brother & the Holding Company

Bihari brothers

Bikel, Theo

Billboard

Bird, Gary

Birkett, Derek

Björk

Black, Bill

black music.
See also specific genres

for black ethnic market

Great Migration north

origin in suffering

race records

racism toward black musicians

From Spirituals to Swing
concert

vaudeville tradition

white audience for

Black Swan

Blackwell, Chris.
See also
Island Records

achievements

adaptability

association with Robinson and Stiff Records

charm

Compass Point studio

creative marketing

diverse projects and fiscal irresponsibility

founding of Island and sublabels

import and distribution business

management style

on Rastas and Judaism

Blaine, Hal

Blatch, Harriot Stanton

Blavatnik, Len

Bleiweiss, Rick

Blind Faith

Blockheads

Blondie

Bloomfield, Mike

Blue Horizon

blues

BMG

BMI (Broadcast Music, Inc.)

Bob & Earl

Bogart, Neil.
See also
Casablanca

Bolan, Marc

Bono.
See also
U2

Boonstra, Cor

Botnick, Bruce

Bowie, David

Boyd, Joe

Bradford, Perry

Branson, Richard.
See also
Virgin Records

Braun, David

Brenner, Jerry

Britain.
See
England

British Invasion.
See also
Beatles

Brockman, Polk

Bronfman, Edgar, Jr.

Broonzy, Big Bill

Brown, James

Browne, Jackson

Bruce, Jack

Brunswick

bubblegum music

Buckley, Tim

Buffalo Springfield

Bullard, William

Bulleit, Jim

Bullock, Bill

Bundrick, John “Rabbit”

Butterfield Blues Band

Buzzcocks

Byrds

Byrne, David

C., Roy

Café Society

Calder, Clive

Calder, Tony

California.
See also specific individuals; specific labels

cocaine culture

hippies

Laurel Canyon singer-songwriter community

migration of record industry to

Monterey International Pop Festival

psychedelia

underground scene

Cameron, Duncan

Capitol

Beach Boys

Beatles

founding of

Holiday, Billie

independent radio promoters

sales figures

sale to EMI

wariness of psychedelia movement

Carey, Mariah

Carl Lindström AG

Carroll, Ted

Carson, Fiddlin’ John

Carter Family

Caruso, Enrico

Casablanca

Angel

Clinton, George

disco

drug culture

founding and deal with Warner

independent radio promoters

influencing of charts

Kiss

sale to PolyGram

Summer, Donna

Village People

Cash, Johnny

Cash Box
(Wexler)

CBGB

CBS.
See
Columbia/CBS

CD.
See
compact disc

Charisma

Charles, Ray

Cher

Chess, Marshall

Chess Records

Chic

Chicago Daily Tribune

Chicago Defender

Chicago music and dance scene

Child, Calvin

Childs, Harold

Chiswick

Chrysalis

Clancy Brothers

Clapton, Eric

Clark, Alfred

Clark, Tim

Clark, Walter

Clarke, Brent

Clash

classical and operatic music

Cliff, Jimmy

Clinton, George

clubs

Café Society

CBGB

Chicago dance halls

Club 54 restricted area

Danceteria

Greenwich Village folk music clubs

Hacienda

jukeboxes at

Loft

London mod clubs

in New Wave grassroots movement

Night Owl

rave culture

Reno Club

On the Rox

Sanctuary

sound systems

Cohen, Leonard

Cohn, Nik

Cole, Nat King

Coleman, Syd

Collins, Judy

Colony Records

Columbia artists

Basie, Count

Byrds

Cash, Johnny

Cohen, Leonard

Cole, Nat King

Costello, Elvis

Doors

Dylan, Bob

Franklin, Aretha

Goodman, Benny

Hampton, Lionel

Henderson, Fletcher

Holiday, Billie

Jackson, Michael

Johnson, George

Joplin, Janis

Marley, Bob

Original Dixieland Jass Band

Perkins, Carl

Richard, Cliff

Rolling Stones

Seeger, Pete

Simon & Garfunkel

Sinatra, Frank

Smith, Bessie

Springsteen, Bruce

White, Josh

Williams, Andy

Williams, Bert and George Walker

Columbia/CBS.
See also
Columbia artists

ancillary businesses

ASCAP boycott

bankruptcy of American Columbia

compact disc technology

consumer marketing

cultural legacy and elitist aura

double-sided discs

drug scandal

eight-track recording technology

electrical recording technology

EMI merger

founding of

Geffen Records export rights

Graphophone player technology

independent radio promoters

jazz classics

Jewish comedy

jukebox business

laterally-cut disc technology

layoffs and factory closures

long-playing records

sales figures

sale to Sony

teenage market

theater productions and cast recordings

Comer, Charlie

Commodore Records

compact disc

artist royalties on

cost to consumers

demise of singles format

development of

quality of, compared to vinyl

value to record companies

Considine, Shaun

Consolidated Talking Machine Company

Conway, Lionel

Cooper, Ray

Copeland, Miles

Cordell, Denny

Cornyn, Stan

Costello, Elvis

country and hillbilly music

Coury, Al

Cream

Creation Records

Criss, Peter

Cros, Charles

Crosby, Bing

Crosby, David

Crosby, Stills & Nash

Dahl, Steve

Daily Mail

Daily Mirror

Dalhart, Vernon

Damned

Danceteria

D’Aquisto, Steve

DaSilva, Jon

Davenport, Jimmy

Davis, Clive.
See also
Columbia artists; Columbia/CBS

ambition

as Columbia lawyer

Columbia presidency

Crosby, Stills & Nash negotiations

drug scandal

launch of Geffen’s career

at Monterey Pop Festival

sale of Arista

Davis, Danny

Davis, Martin

Davis, Miles

de Buretel, Emmanuel

Decca Records

acquisition of Brunswick properties

artist strike contingency agreement

Basie, Count

Crosby, Bing

founding of

Haley, Bill

Holiday, Billie

jukebox business

Rolling Stones

Steele, Tommy

unethical business practices

deejays

competition and exhibitionist mixing

compilation mixing

discovery and testing of new sounds

individual consumers as

pirate-radio operators

record company promotion to

Def Jam

Denny, Jim

Depeche Mode

Deram

DeSylva, Buddy

Detours

Dewey, Daddy-O

Dexter, Dave

DGC Records

Dibango, Manu

Diehl, Digby

Dileo, Frank

Disc and Music Week

disco

DiSipio, Fred

Domino

Doncaster, Patrick

Donovan

Doors

Dorsey, Tommy

Douglas, Alan

Douglass, Leon

Down Beat