Authors: Barbara Nadel
C, c | Not the c in cat and tractor, but the j in jam and Taj or the g in gentle and courageous. |
Ǧ, ğ | Always the hard g in great or slug, never the soft g of general and outrage. |
J, j | As the French pronounce the j in bonjour and the g in gendarme. |
Ç ç | The ch in chunk or choke. |
G, g | ‘Yumuşak ge’ is used to lengthen the vowel that it follows. It is not usually voiced (except as a vague y sound). For instance, it is used in the name Ayşe Farsakoğlu, which is pronounced Far-sak-erlu , and in ögle (noon, midday), pronounced öy- lay (see below for how to pronounce ö). |
Ş, ş | The sh in ship and shovel. |
I, i | Without a dot, the sound of the a in probable. |
İ, i | With a dot, the i in thin or tinny. |
Ö, ö | Like the ur sound in further. |
Ü, ü | Like the u in the French tu. |
A, a | Usually short, the a in hah! or the u in but, never the medium or long a in nasty and hateful. |
B, b | As in English. |
C, c | Not the c in cat and tractor, but the j in jam and Taj or the g in gentle and courageous. |
Ç, ç | The ch in chunk or choke. |
D, d | As in English. |
E, e | Always short, the e in venerable, never the e in Bede (and never silent). |
F, f | As in English. |
G, g | Always the hard g in great or slug, never the soft g of general and outrage. |
Ǧ, ğ | ‘Yumuşak ge’ is used to lengthen the vowel that it follows. It is not usually voiced (except as a vague y sound). For instance, it is used in the name Ayşe Farsakoğlu, which is pronounced Far-sak-erlu , and in ögle (noon, midday), pronounced öy-lay (see below for how to pronounce ö). |
H, h | As in English (and never silent). |
I, i | Without a dot, the sound of the a in probable. |
İ, i | With a dot, the i in thin or tinny. |
J, j | As the French pronounce the j in bonjour and the g in gendarme. |
K, k | As in English (and never silent). |
L, l | As in English. |
M, m | As in English. |
N, n | As in English. |
O, o | Always short, the o in hot and bothered. |
Ö, ö | Like the ur sound in further. |
P, p | As in English. |
R, r | As in English. |
S, s | As in English. |
Ş, ş | The sh in ship and shovel. |
T, t | As in English. |
U, u | Always medium-length, the u in push and pull, never the u in but. |
Ü, ü | Like the u in the French tu. |
V, v | Usually as in English, but sometimes almost a w sound in words such as tavuk (hen). |
Y, y | As in English. Follows vowels to make diphthongs: ay is the y sound in fly; ey is the ay sound in day; oy is the oy sound in toy; uy is almost the same as the French oui. |
Z, z | As in English. |