Delphi Complete Works of Anton Chekhov (Illustrated) (520 page)

Circassians: people who lived in the northern Caucasus

Anna Karenin: the chief character in Tolstoy’s
Anna Karenina
; see Part I, Chapter 30

Prince Vorontsov: Field Marshal M. S. Vorontsov (1782-1856), Russian General in war of 1812; Viceroy of the Caucasus

superfluous man: a common Russian literary type; see, for example, Turgenev’s
The Diary of a Superfluous Man
(1850)

Onyegin, Petchorin, Byron’s Cain, and Bazarov: all examples of “superfluous men”; Onyegin is the hero of Pushkin’s verse novel
Eugene Onegin
; Petchorin is the hero of Lermontov’s novel
A Hero of Our Time
; “Cain” is a poem by the English poet Byron; Bazarov is the hero of Turgenev’s novel
Fathers and Sons

Faust: legendary figure and the subject of many literary treatments; Chekhov probably has in mind the character in Goethe’s poetic drama
Faust

Tolstoy: the Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)

Schopenhauer: Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher known for his gloomy outlook

Spencer: Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher whose writings on evolution were influential

aubergines: eggplants

thirty degrees: about 99 degrees F.

duhan: a lodge

hut on hen’s legs: in the Russian fairy tale a witch lives in the hut

Night in the Ukraine: a famous descriptive passage in the second canto of Pushkin’s narrative poem “Poltava”

ikon on his breast: panagia, an image of Mary and Jesus worn by bishops around their necks

Thy Hand has planted: Psalms 80:15-16

His beaver collar is silver with hoar-frost: from verse 16 of Chapter 1 of Pushkin’s
Eugene Onegin

cocotte: prostitute

peace: phrases from the Russian Orthodox funeral service

Stanley: Sir Henry Morton Stanley (1841-1904), an English explorer

who so offendeth one of these little ones: Mark 9:42

kalii bromati: potassium bromide, used as a sedative

tincturæ gentianæ: tincture of gentia, used to improve digestion

aquæ foeniculi: fennel water, used as a sentative and laxative

William I.: Wilhelm I (1797-1888) was King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany

Rudin: the hero of Turgenev’s novel of the same name; another superfluous man

Russification: the state policy of Tsar Alexander III, that non-Russian ethnic groups should be assimilated

consistory: an administrative and judicial institution set up under the archbishop

train: in Tolstoy’s novel, Anna Karenina kills herself because of an unhappy adulterous love affair

smear the gates with tar: to mark where a woman lived who was involved in an immoral love affair

fives and fours: A’s and B’s

post: game were participants write anonymous notes addressed to someone present

art for art’s sake: idea in
Cours de Philosophie
(1818) by Victor Cousin

Kant or Hegel: the German philosophers Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and Georg W. F. Hegel (1770-1831)

Leskov: Nikolay Leskov (1831-1895), a Russian novelist and short story writer; the story is “Conscientious Daniel,” first published in 1888

knees of the gods: more accurately, “in the laps of the gods”

fortress: prison were political prisoners were held

PUSHKIN: the final lines of Pushkin’s lyric poem “Memory”; the poet was tragically killed in a duel in 1837

green rays: the green flash is a rare atmospheric phenomena, only observed when the sun is near the horizon; despite its name, the green flash usually lasts several seconds.

Lermontov: there is a duel in Lermontov’s novel
A Hero of Our Time

Bazarov had a duel: Bazarov has a duel with Pavel Kirsanov in Turgenev’s
Fathers and Sons

portmanteaus: suitcases

screw he has put on himself: how he has buckled down

One man vanquishes thousands and another tens of thousands: cf. 1 Samuel 18:7

Translated by Constance Garnett 1888-1895

I

THROUGH causes which it is not the time to go into in detail, I had to enter the service of a Petersburg official called Orlov, in the capacity of a footman. He was about five and thirty, and was called Georgy* Ivanitch.

*Both
g’s
hard, as in “Gorgon”;
e
like
ai
in
rain.

I entered this Orlov’s service on account of his father, a prominent political man, whom I looked upon as a serious enemy of my cause. I reckoned that, living with the son, I should -- from the conversations I should hear, and from the letters and papers I should find on the table -- learn every detail of the father’s plans and intentions.

As a rule at eleven o’clock in the morning the electric bell rang in my footman’s quarters to let me know that my master was awake. When I went into the bedroom with his polished shoes and brushed clothes, Georgy Ivanitch would be sitting in his bed with a face that looked, not drowsy, but rather exhausted by sleep, and he would gaze off in one direction without any sign of satisfaction at having waked. I helped him to dress, and he let me do it with an air of reluctance without speaking or noticing my presence; then with his head wet with washing, smelling of fresh scent, he used to go into the dining-room to drink his coffee. He used to sit at the table, sipping his coffee and glancing through the newspapers, while the maid Polya and I stood respectfully at the door gazing at him. Two grown-up persons had to stand watching with the gravest attention a third drinking coffee and munching rusks. It was probably ludicrous and grotesque, but I saw nothing humiliating in having to stand near the door, though I was quite as well born and well educated as Orlov himself.

I was in the first stage of consumption, and was suffering from something else, possibly even more serious than consumption. I don’t know whether it was the effect of my illness or of an incipient change in my philosophy of life of which I was not conscious at the time, but I was, day by day, more possessed by a passionate, irritating longing for ordinary everyday life. I yearned for mental tranquillity, health, fresh air, good food. I was becoming a dreamer, and, like a dreamer, I did not know exactly what I wanted. Sometimes I felt inclined to go into a monastery, to sit there for days together by the window and gaze at the trees and the fields; sometimes I fancied I would buy fifteen acres of land and settle down as a country gentleman; sometimes I inwardly vowed to take up science and become a professor at some provincial university. I was a retired navy lieutenant; I dreamed of the sea, of our squadron, and of the corvette in which I had made the cruise round the world. I longed to experience again the indescribable feeling when, walking in the tropical forest or looking at the sunset in the Bay of Bengal, one is thrilled with ecstasy and at the same time homesick. I dreamed of mountains, women, music, and, with the curiosity of a child, I looked into people’s faces, listened to their voices. And when I stood at the door and watched Orlov sipping his coffee, I felt not a footman, but a man interested in everything in the world, even in Orlov.

In appearance Orlov was a typical Petersburger, with narrow shoulders, a long waist, sunken temples, eyes of an indefinite colour, and scanty, dingy-coloured hair, beard and moustaches. His face had a stale, unpleasant look, though it was studiously cared for. It was particularly unpleasant when he was asleep or lost in thought. It is not worth while describing a quite ordinary appearance; besides, Petersburg is not Spain, and a man’s appearance is not of much consequence even in love affairs, and is only of value to a handsome footman or coachman. I have spoken of Orlov’s face and hair only because there was something in his appearance worth mentioning. When Orlov took a newspaper or book, whatever it might be, or met people, whoever they be, an ironical smile began to come into his eyes, and his whole countenance assumed an expression of light mockery in which there was no malice. Before reading or hearing anything he always had his irony in readiness, as a savage has his shield. It was an habitual irony, like some old liquor brewed years ago, and now it came into his face probably without any participation of his will, as it were by reflex action. But of that later.

Soon after midday he took his portfolio, full of papers, and drove to his office. He dined away from home and returned after eight o’clock. I used to light the lamp and candles in his study, and he would sit down in a low chair with his legs stretched out on another chair, and, reclining in that position, would begin reading. Almost every day he brought in new books with him or received parcels of them from the shops, and there were heaps of books in three languages, to say nothing of Russian, which he had read and thrown away, in the corners of my room and under my bed. He read with extraordinary rapidity. They say: “Tell me what you read, and I’ll tell you who you are.” That may be true, but it was absolutely impossible to judge of Orlov by what he read. It was a regular hotchpotch. Philosophy, French novels, political economy, finance, new poets, and publications of the firm
Posrednik
* -- and he read it all with the same rapidity and with the same ironical expression in his eyes.

* I.e., Tchertkov and others, publishers of Tolstoy, who issued good literature for peasants’ reading.

After ten o’clock he carefully dressed, often in evening dress, very rarely in his
kammer-junker
’s uniform, and went out, returning in the morning.

Our relations were quiet and peaceful, and we never had any misunderstanding. As a rule he did not notice my presence, and when he talked to me there was no expression of irony on his face -- he evidently did not look upon me as a human being.

I only once saw him angry. One day -- it was a week after I had entered his service -- he came back from some dinner at nine o’clock; his face looked ill-humoured and exhausted. When I followed him into his study to light the candles, he said to me:

“There’s a nasty smell in the flat.”

“No, the air is fresh,” I answered.

“I tell you, there’s a bad smell,” he answered irritably.

“I open the movable panes every day.”

“Don’t argue, blockhead!” he shouted.

I was offended, and was on the point of answering, and goodness knows how it would have ended if Polya, who knew her master better than I did, had not intervened.

“There really is a disagreeable smell,” she said, raising her eyebrows. “What can it be from? Stepan, open the pane in the drawing-room, and light the fire.”

With much bustle and many exclamations, she went through all the rooms, rustling her skirts and squeezing the sprayer with a hissing sound. And Orlov was still out of humour; he was obviously restraining himself not to vent his ill-temper aloud. He was sitting at the table and rapidly writing a letter. After writing a few lines he snorted angrily and tore it up, then he began writing again.

“Damn them all!” he muttered. “They expect me to have an abnormal memory!”

At last the letter was written; he got up from the table and said, turning to me:

“Go to Znamensky Street and deliver this letter to Zinaida Fyodorovna Krasnovsky in person. But first ask the porter whether her husband -- that is, Mr. Krasnovsky -- has returned yet. If he has returned, don’t deliver the letter, but come back. Wait a minute! . . . If she asks whether I have any one here, tell her that there have been two gentlemen here since eight o’clock, writing something.”

I drove to Znamensky Street. The porter told me that Mr. Krasnovsky had not yet come in, and I made my way up to the third storey. The door was opened by a tall, stout, drab-coloured flunkey with black whiskers, who in a sleepy, churlish, and apathetic voice, such as only flunkeys use in addressing other flunkeys, asked me what I wanted. Before I had time to answer, a lady dressed in black came hurriedly into the hall. She screwed up her eyes and looked at me.

“Is Zinaida Fyodorovna at home?” I asked.

“That is me,” said the lady.

“A letter from Georgy Ivanitch.”

She tore the letter open impatiently, and holding it in both hands, so that I saw her sparkling diamond rings, she began reading. I made out a pale face with soft lines, a prominent chin, and long dark lashes. From her appearance I should not have judged the lady to be more than five and twenty.

“Give him my thanks and my greetings,” she said when she had finished the letter. “Is there any one with Georgy Ivanitch?” she asked softly, joyfully, and as though ashamed of her mistrust.

“Two gentlemen,” I answered. “They’re writing something.”

“Give him my greetings and thanks,” she repeated, bending her head sideways, and, reading the letter as she walked, she went noiselessly out. I saw few women at that time, and this lady of whom I had a passing glimpse made an impression on me. As I walked home I recalled her face and the delicate fragrance about her, and fell to dreaming. By the time I got home Orlov had gone out.

II

And so my relations with my employer were quiet and peaceful, but still the unclean and degrading element which I so dreaded on becoming a footman was conspicuous and made itself felt every day. I did not get on with Polya. She was a well-fed and pampered hussy who adored Orlov because he was a gentleman and despised me because I was a footman. Probably, from the point of view of a real flunkey or cook, she was fascinating, with her red cheeks, her turned-up nose, her coquettish glances, and the plumpness, one might almost say fatness, of her person. She powdered her face, coloured her lips and eyebrows, laced herself in, and wore a bustle, and a bangle made of coins. She walked with little ripping steps; as she walked she swayed, or, as they say, wriggled her shoulders and back. The rustle of her skirts, the creaking of her stays, the jingle her bangle and the vulgar smell of lip salve, toilet vinegar, and scent stolen from her master, aroused me whilst I was doing the rooms with her in the morning a sensation as though I were taking part with her in some abomination.

Either because I did not steal as she did, or because I displayed no desire to become her lover, which she probably looked upon as an insult, or perhaps because she felt that I was a man of a different order, she hated me from the first day. My inexperience, my appearance -- so unlike a flunkey -- and my illness, seemed to her pitiful and excited her disgust. I had a bad cough at that time, and sometimes at night I prevented her from sleeping, as our rooms were only divided by a wooden partition, and every morning she said to me:

“Again you didn’t let me sleep. You ought to be in hospital instead of in service.”

She so genuinely believed that I was hardly a human being, but something infinitely below her, that, like the Roman matrons who were not ashamed to bathe before their slaves, she sometimes went about in my presence in nothing but her chemise.

Once when I was in a happy, dreamy mood, I asked her at dinner (we had soup and roast meat sent in from a restaurant every day)

“Polya, do you believe in God?”

“Why, of course!”

“Then,” I went on, “you believe there will be a day of judgment, and that we shall have to answer to God for every evil action?”