Dirty Wars (145 page)

Slocombe, Walter,
52

Smith, Greg,
340
–341,
342

Smith, Jeffrey,
78

SMUs.
See
Special Mission Units

Snatch operations.
See
Extraordinary renditions

SOCOM.
See
Special Operations Command

SOFs.
See
Special Operations Forces

Soldier Readiness Processing Center, Fort Hood,
285

Somalia,
78
,
79
,
80
,
118
–129

and Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama,
478
–480

AIAI attacks in,
121
–122

al Qaeda in,
122
–123,
139
,
223
,
255
–256

and al Qaeda recruitment, and jihad,
228
–229

and al Shabab (
see
Al Shabab in Somalia)

American Muslims in, as members of al Shabab,
270
–272

and bin Laden,
124
–125

and Black Hawk Down incident,
54
,
55
–56

CIA counterterrorism center in,
470

CIA counterterrorism program in,
470
–473

CIA in,
475
,
476

and Clinton,
125
–126

cruise missile attacks in,
226

destruction of,
126
–127

Ethiopian occupation of,
224
–226,
227
–228

Ethiopian US-backed invasion of,
203
–206,
206
–209

HVTs in,
119
,
120
–121

ICU leaders in, hunt for,
223
–226

insurgency,
208

JSOC in,
476

JSOC targeted killings/drone strikes in,
294
–297

militia in, and Siad, Yusuf Mohammed,
476
–478

piracy industry in,
273
–276,
481
–485

and Prince, and privatized counterpiracy company in,
481
–485

secret prison in,
294
–295,
296
–297,
470
,
471
–473

Somali Americans in,
273

suicide bombings/bombers in,
206
,
223
,
225
,
271
,
272
,
277
,
294
,
299
,
397
,
474
,
488

targeted killings/drone strikes in,
219
–223

and US, counterterrorism partnership between,
470
–471

US-backed government of,
224

US counterpiracy incursion in,
482

US dual-track policy in,
474
–475,
476
,
477

US military aid to,
476
See also
Al Shabab in Somalia; AMISOM

Somalia warlord program, CIA and bin Laden,
191
–195,
198

US campaign to fund,
193
–194

and warlords, brutality of,
193

and warlords, hatred for,
195

warlords (
see
Dheere, Mohamed; Qanyare, Mohamed Afrah; Siad, Yusuf Mohammed)

Soufan, Ali,
28
–29,
62
,
63

Southern Ace,
480
,
485

Special Access Program (SAP),
145
–146,
150
,
151
,
307
.
See also
Copper Green

Special Mission Units (SMUs),
98
,
108
–109,
181.
See also
Delta Force; US Navy SEALs

Special Operations Command (SOCOM),
52
–53,
53
–54,
93
,
114
,
175
,
411

and find, fix, and finish operations,
171
–172

McRaven as commander of,
469
,
513

reorganization of,
98

and surveillance drones,
173

and Yemen,
322

Special Operations Forces (SOFs)

authorization of direct actions by,
282
–283

and Camp NAMA,
147

and checkpoint shootings,
347

and Cheney, plans for,
93
–101

and CIA,
59

and clandestine action,
282
–283

and Clinton administration,
126

and counterterrorism policy, role in,
355

and covert action,
96
–97,
101

expansion of,
283
–284

expansion of, in Yemen,
261
–263

and Gardez raid/massacre, responsibility for,
335
–336,
337
,
340

and HUMINT operations,
171

increased presence of,
354
–355

and intelligence program,
95
–96

in Iraq War,
107
,
139

McChrystal as commander of,
342

and night raids, in Afghanistan,
347
–348

number of operators in,
58

and Obama, admiration for,
276

in Pakistan,
139
,
215
–218

and the Pentagon,
98
–99,
99
–100

reassigned to Iraq, from Pakistan,
139

role of,
53

and Rumsfeld, plans for,
93
–101

and Rumsfeld, reorganization of,
98

and Schultz report,
56
–57
See also
Covert action;
individual units

Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict program,
116

Special Police Commando Unit (aka Wolf Brigade),
165

Special Tactics Squadron,
51

SSB.
See
Strategic Support Branch

Starkey, Jerome

and Gardez raid/massacre, and McRaven, apology of,
344
–346

and Gardez raid/massacre, investigation of,
339
–342,
342
–343

Starr, Barbara,
207

Status of Forces agreements,
25

Steele, James,
164
–165

Stevens, John,
136

Stone, Kathryn,
101

Storm, Morten (aka Murad Storm),
291
–293,
379

and Awlaki, Anwar,
291
,
292
–293,
364
–366

and CIA,
292
,
293

and PET,
292
,
293

Strategic Support Branch (SSB),
95
–96,
100
–101

Stratus Ivy task force,
139

Stryker, Chris.
See
Shaffer, Anthony

Sudan,
6
,
20
,
21
,
62
,
79
,
125
,
126
,
198
,
262
,
294
,
332

Suicide bombers/bombings,
164

in Afghanistan,
412

by Americans,
271
,
396

and Awlaki, Anwar,
264
,
267
,
318

in Iraq,
112
,
165

and Somalia/al Shabab,
206
,
223
,
225
,
271
,
272
,
277
,
294
,
299
,
397
,
474
,
488

in Yemen,
230
–231,
308

Suleman, Rao Qamar,
450

Sumali, Mohammed al-,
461
–463,
464
–465

Supreme Council of Islamic Courts of Somalia (aka the Courts),
193

Surveillance drones,
172
–174

and CTTL,
173

and nodal analysis patterns of movement,
173

and “The Unblinking Eye,”
172
–173
See also
Drone strikes

Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) program,
86
–91

at Camp NAMA,
151
,
152
,
153
–154,
155

and interrogation and torture/techniques,
86
–91,
151
,
152
,
153
–154,
155

SV Quest
(personal yacht),
482
–483

Tactical Operations Center,
168

TADS.
See
Terrorist Attack Disruption Strikes

Taguba, Antonio,
160

Tahir, Mohammed,
334
–335,
336
,
346

Takeover: The Return of the Imperial Presidency and the Subversion of American Democracy
(Savage),
11

Taliban,
3

in Afghanistan,
328

and Gardez raid/massacre,
334

in Pakistan,
217
–218

support for, and McChrystal,
331

support for, and US nights raids,
348
See also
Assassination operations;
individual leaders;

Terrorist leaders Taliban leaders,
167
.
See also individual leaders

Tanzania, US embassy in, bombing of,
6
,
119
,
125
–126,
196
–197,
198

Targeted killings/drone strikes and al Qaeda recruitment,
494

legality of,
517
–518,
519
–521

of Nabhan, Saleh Ali,
295
–296,
297

and Obama, final authority over,
351
–352

and Shabwani incident,
357
–358

in Somalia,
219
–223,
294
–297

against US citizens,
314
–316,
325
–327,
367
–369,
369
–374,
391
–392,
505

against US citizens, legality of,
517
–518,
519
–521

in Yemen,
303
–304,
307
–309,
324
,
356
–357 (
see also
Majalah massacre; Gardez raid/massacre)
See also
Assassination operations; Drone strikes

Task Force
5
,
138

Task Force
20
,
105
–107,
113
–115,
138
,
147

Task Force
88
,
206

Task Force
121
,
138
,
140
,
147

Task Force
145
,
147

Task Force
150
,
122
,
230

Task Force
6
–26,
147
,
159

Task Force Black,
144
–145

Task Force Central,
144

Task Force North,
144

Task Force West,
144

Taylor, Charles,
198

TECS II.
See
Treasury Enforcement Communications System

Tenet, George J.,
85

and al Qaeda,
13
–14

and al Qaeda, lethal action against,
18

and Awlaki, Anwar, interrogation of,
187

and bin Laden,
13
–14

and covert action, and al Qaeda,
17

and drone strikes,
17
–18

and drone strikes, in Yemen,
76

and Iraq and 9/11-Saddam and al Qaeda connection,
83

and Saleh, Ali Abdullah,
64

Terrorist Action Team,
50

Terrorist Attack Disruption Strikes (TADS),
352

Terrorist leaders.
See
Al Qaeda leaders; Al

Shabab leaders; Islamic Courts Union

leaders;
individual leaders;
Taliban leaders

Terrorist rehabilitation program,
132
,
254
,
256
,
257
,
260
,
278

TFG.
See
Transitional Federal Government Theater Special Operations Commands,
98

Tillman, Pat,
349

Timimi, Ali al,
71
–73

Top Secret America
(Arkin and Priest),
105

Tora Bora, Afghanistan, and bin Laden,
81
,
434
–435

Torture.
See
Interrogation and torture/techniques

“Torture Memos,”
25

“Torture taxis,”
27

Townsend, Frances,
212
–213,
456

Traditional Military Activities,
92

Transitional Federal Government (TFG),
226

Treadway, Brad,
322

Treasury Enforcement Communications System (TECS II),
69

Tremblay, Eric,
338

Trump, Donald,
441

Turki, Hassan,
393
,
394

UAE.
See
United Arab Emirates

Uday Hussein,
111

Uganda,
272

World Cup fan bombings,
395

UN Baghdad headquarters bombings,
112
–113

UN Monitoring Group,
485

“The Unblinking Eye” (drone stakeout),
172
–173

United Arab Emirates (UAE),
481
,
484
,
485

United Kingdom,
67
–68,
519

Awlaki, Anwar, in,
134
–137

United Nations,
8

and Gardez raid/massacre, investigation of,
337
,
339
,
340

University College of London,
317

University of Minnesota,
32

University of Nebraska,
32