Dresden (63 page)

briefings for, 2–3, 213–16, 281, 316–17, 319, 320–21, 435–39

British squadrons in, 210–50, 274–83, 332, 335, 336–37, 381, 430–31

Canadian squadrons in, 221, 276–77, 278, 281–82

casualties from, xi–xii, 7, 142, 193, 215–16, 284–85, 290–96, 332, 342, 343, 345–47, 360–66, 367, 368–72, 374, 391, 393, 405–6, 410, 429–48, 458
n

civilian reaction to, 250, 251–73, 278, 284–315, 332

commemorations of, 390–91, 419–22

communist propaganda on, 390–94, 416–17, 451–53, 455

corpses recovered from, 342, 343, 347–55, 370, 391, 447–48

death toll from, 284–85, 290–96, 342, 343, 345–55, 360–66, 368–72, 391, 405–6, 429–48, 443–48

debriefings for, 7

density of, 244, 330–32

effectiveness of, 242, 243, 245–46, 276–83, 401–17

enemy moral affected by, 361, 401, 405, 412–13

escape routes from, 287–89

evasive tactics used in, 4, 221–23, 243, 275

eyewitness accounts of, 6–7, 11–12, 20–21, 229–40, 247–49, 251–73, 276–77, 284–317, 319, 320–24, 327–36, 340, 342–43, 348–49, 350, 357, 430, 433–34, 439, 440, 441

fighter defenses against, 4–5, 213, 222–23, 242, 243, 247, 250, 256, 280–81, 438–39, 441

fighter escorts in, 317, 320–21, 329, 429–42, 476
n

firefighting efforts in, 257–59, 263, 268, 270–71, 285, 294, 296, 299, 310–11

firestorm created in, 2, 7, 250, 256–57, 261–62, 268–71, 281, 286–89, 291–96, 299–303, 310, 322, 325, 329, 339–40, 354, 357, 397, 443, 482
n

first anniversary of, 390–91

first wave (nighttime raid) of, xx, 7, 214, 220–24, 247–50, 251, 255–57, 259, 261, 265, 270–71, 272, 274, 275, 285, 301, 309–10, 313–14, 322, 326, 332, 339, 380

flak batteries in, 242, 243, 247, 249, 250, 256, 275, 277, 321, 322

German courier plane shot down in, 4–5

ground crews for, 250

Hamburg firebombing compared with, 245–46, 270, 448

high-explosive (HE) bombs dropped in, 7, 244, 248–52, 255, 256–57, 262, 266, 278–80, 298, 318, 319, 329, 331, 339

historical assessment of, x–xiv, 373–81, 401–17, 419–56

hospitals in, 264–65, 272, 277–78, 284–86, 298–99, 301, 330, 431, 442

incendiary bombs dropped in, 7, 243, 249, 250, 251–52, 254–55, 257–58,
265, 266, 267, 269–70, 272, 274, 278–80, 285, 302, 307, 310, 318, 319, 325, 329, 331, 332, 339, 340, 434, 440

industrial areas targeted by, 5–6, 325–26, 329–32, 413–16

intelligence used for, 213–19, 449–54

Leipzig firebombing compared with, 142–43, 257–58, 270

literature on, xi–xiii, 429–48

looting after, 348

magnesium parachute flares (“Christmas trees”) in, 5, 115, 243, 251, 277, 279, 281, 452

map of, xviii–xix marker flares dropped in, 5–6, 241–46, 250, 251, 256, 276, 277, 278–79, 283, 328, 341, 440

master bombers for, 241, 243–46, 249–50, 255, 280, 281–82, 283, 407

morality of, xi, xiii–xiv, 8, 281–82, 319, 337–38, 373–81, 392–93, 401–17, 425–26, 474
n

myths about, xi–xiv, 5, 12, 148–49, 332, 353–55, 405, 424–26, 429–56

navigation in, 220–24, 242, 247–50, 277, 318–22, 324–25, 393–94, 451–52

Nazi reaction to, xii, 12, 261–64, 347, 353–54, 355, 366–72, 376, 412–13, 416–17, 443, 444–46

objectives of, 2, 215–16

official records on, xii, 351–53, 356–58, 370, 423, 433, 435–39, 444–46

pathfinders for, 214–15, 221, 241–46, 250, 276, 278–79, 322, 440

payload lists for, 278–80

photographic surveillance for, 217, 218, 281, 330, 360

physical destruction as result of, xviii–xix, 7, 59, 142, 255–57, 259, 261–63, 272–73, 277, 278, 284–86, 314–15, 322, 330–32, 342–43, 354–57, 401, 405–7, 409–11, 416–17

planning of, 7, 210–24, 241, 250, 278, 316–19

plans of, xviii–xix, xx, xxi, 216–17, 285

“Plate Rack Force” in, 246–50

political considerations in, 375–79, 407–8

press coverage of, 263–64, 332, 335, 348, 352, 360–66, 368, 391, 392, 430, 440

propaganda on, xii, 12, 263–64, 335, 348, 353–54, 359, 360–72, 376, 412, 416–17, 424–25, 443, 445–46, 451–53, 455

public reaction to, 360–66, 368, 372, 390–91

radio transmissions in, 242, 244–46, 276–77, 281–82, 324–25

rebuilding after, 355–56, 391, 395–400, 422–23, 448

refugees from, 335–38, 366, 370, 451

relief efforts after, 335–36, 347–48

reservoirs used in, 294–95, 350

residential areas destroyed in, 6, 244–48, 255–58, 276–77, 282–85, 287, 332, 451–52

rubble from, 347–48, 350, 395–96

second wave (nighttime raid) of, xxi, 7, 221, 272, 274–87, 290, 294, 298–99, 301, 303, 307, 310–15, 316, 326–28, 332, 339, 380

Soviet advance aided by, 189–92, 206, 212, 215, 219, 280, 318–19, 337, 360, 363, 365, 387, 392, 406–9

specific targets of, 5–6, 244, 245, 248, 255, 318–19

“strafing runs” reported in, 296, 429–42, 453, 475
n

stray bombs in, 265, 325–26, 328

suburbs attacked in, 264, 270, 272–73, 284, 325, 330–31, 357, 358, 359, 396–97, 430

suffocation in, 287–89, 290, 291–94, 295, 296, 300–301, 304–5, 333–34, 342, 352, 353, 364

suicide committed in, 352

survivors of, xiii–xiv, 7–8, 11–12, 215–16, 262–63, 266–67, 271–73, 277–78, 284, 286, 289–308, 315, 322–24, 326–29, 333–36, 342–43, 355, 395–400, 412, 419, 424, 425, 433–34

“Tally-ho!” signal for, 245

target area for, 244–48, 255–58, 276–77, 278, 282–83, 284, 318–19, 325–26, 356–57

third wave (daylight raid) of, 7, 316–32, 340, 341

timing of, 192, 220–21, 332

U. S. squadrons in, 7, 316–32, 335, 336, 341, 429–41, 453, 482
n

visibility in, 3, 5, 246, 248, 249, 250, 256, 280, 322, 325, 329, 330

warnings issued for, 5, 6, 242–44, 245, 264–65, 269, 272, 275–76, 284, 285, 302, 303, 309–10, 393, 451

weather conditions for, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 192, 213, 219, 220, 247, 248, 249, 256, 276, 280, 316, 321, 322, 325, 330, 332, 341, 405, 416, 429

women and children in, 137–38, 264–65, 271–72, 285, 298–99, 323–24, 369, 434, 448, 473
n

Dresden im Luftkrieg
(Bergander), xii

Dresden Pediatric Clinic, 264–65

Dresden Philharmonia, 308

Dresden Royal Opera, 36, 47, 312, 398, 423

Dresden Royal Theater, 64, 312

Dresden Sport Club (DSC), 244

Dresden Trust, 422

Dresden Women's Clinic, 264–65, 298–99

Dresdner Jahrbuch,
148

Dresdner Neueste Nachrichten,
43

Dresdner Zeitung,
196, 197, 202–3

Drezdzány, 14–16

Dugway Proving Ground, 115

Dulon, Virginia (“Gina”), 313–14

dummy flares, 224

Dunkirk evacuation, 98

Durchbrüche
(breakthrough) system, 290–94, 300, 353

Durchführungsstelle für die Neugestaltung der Stadt Dresden, 60–61

Dürerplatz, 239, 266, 268, 271–72, 396

Dutch Palace, 24

 

Eaker, Ira, 387

East Prussia, 12, 402, 410–11

Education Ministry, German, 144, 147

Ehrlich, Werner, 434, 447

Eichner, Rudolf, 284–868

Group, British, 214, 221, 276, 278–80, 338

Eighth Army Air Force, U. S., 7, 137, 143, 177, 178, 180, 188–89, 194–95, 197, 203, 204, 207, 208, 316–32, 336–37, 341, 360, 365, 366, 380–81, 402–3, 429, 435, 451

83rd Bomber Squadron, British, 243

88mm antiaircraft guns, 203

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 363, 393, 453

Elbe line, 225–26

Elbe meadows, 429–42

Elbe River, 5, 14, 15, 16, 20, 30, 31, 34, 40, 56, 64, 241, 271, 284, 290, 296–98, 299, 300–301, 304–5, 307, 310, 311, 323, 342, 399, 400, 426–27

Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 390, 422

Ellgering, Theodor, 348, 349

Elsner, Walter, 335

Enabling Law for Saxony, 45

ENIGMA, 177, 182, 466
n

Enlightenment, 26

Erika portable typewriter, 33

Erla factories, 140, 143

Ernemann factory, 136

Ernst Heinrich of Saxony, Prince, 49–51, 312–15, 316, 330

Erzgebirge, 409–10

Essen, 124, 137, 208, 212, 374

Evaluation Report K. 3742, 330

Evill, Douglas, 186–88

Exhibition of Degenerate Art, 53

Expressionism, 41

 

Fachwerk,
269

Fairey Battle bomber, 96–97

Fasching carnival, 4, 69, 236–37, 238, 239–40, 308–12

fascism, 42, 87

Feinarbeit,
33–34

Feldschlösschen brewery, 217

Fetscher, Rainer, 384

Feuertaufe,
95

Feydt, Georg, 261–62

Fieseler Stork spotter plane, 323

“Final Report of the Higher Police and SS

Führer for the Upper Elbe,” 351–52, 370, 444–45

firefighting units, 132, 140, 141, 244, 257–59, 263, 268, 270–71, 285, 294, 296, 299, 310–11

firestorms:

carbon monoxide in, 131, 133, 143–44, 287, 333–34

dynamics of, 130–33, 189

survivors of, 142–43

First Air Division, U. S., 341, 438

First Bomber Division, U. S., 188–89, 194, 316, 317, 318, 319–20, 380

First Fighter Division, German, 243 5

Group, British, 2, 122, 175, 214–15, 221–23, 241–42, 244, 246, 247–50, 253, 256, 262, 274, 275, 276, 281, 313, 318, 322, 326, 329, 337, 404–5

Fifth Group, British, 106, 122

Fifth Panzer Division, German, 171

542nd Intelligence Squadron, British, 330

flak militia, 199, 203–5

Flammenbombe,
113

“flash reports,” 438

Flemming, Count von, 19, 23

Fliegeralarm,
242–43

Flight,
81

Flossenbürg concentration camp, 153, 162

Flottenverein, 37

Flying Dutchman, The
(Wagner), 36

Flying Fortress,
see
B-17 Flying Fortress bomber

Focke-Wulf 190

fighter, 320, 438–39

Folkestone bombing (1917), 80

Forbes, Jock, 104

forest fires, 130–31

fortress areas, 225–26, 382, 411–12

Fourth Saxony-Dresden Infantry Regiment, German, 100, 350

Forty-fourth Bomber Group, U. S. (“The Flying Eightballs”), 201–2

44th Bomber Squadron, British, 121

49th Bomber Squadron, British, 247–50

401st Bomber Group, U. S., 341

486th Bomber Group, U. S., 146

487th Bomber Group, U. S., 146

France:

Allied airfields in, 320

bombing campaigns against, 84, 172

German invasion of, 95, 96–98, 99, 234–35

Franco, Francisco, 48, 88, 91

Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), 32

Franke, Arno, 47

Fränkel, Rabbi, 64

Frauenkirche, 24–25, 28, 199, 259, 291, 339–43, 398, 421, 422, 423, 426

Frederick Augustus, Prince, Elector of Saxony, 17–21, 23, 25, 33, 34, 62–63

Frederick Augustus of Saxony, 31, 38–39

Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, 29

Frederick II, King of Prussia, 25–26, 77, 95, 380

Freiheitskampf,
43, 47, 69, 135, 196, 226, 227

Freital bombing (1944), 146–47, 193

French Revolution, 63, 112

Freundel, Gertraud, 42, 231, 287–89, 313

Freyer, Margret, 291–92, 295

Friedrich, Caspar David, 30

Friedrich, Jörg, 409

Friedrichstadt area, 43, 136–37, 149, 161, 194–96, 202, 216, 245, 253, 264, 325, 326–27, 330–31, 341, 356, 397, 430

Fritzsche, Hans, 372

Frohngasse area, 60

Fürstenplatz, 267

 

Galland, Adolf, 89

Gasch, Walter, 53

Gauforum, 60–61

Geddes Commission, 83

Gee navigation system, 123–24, 125, 128, 137, 242, 321, 402

Geneva Conventions, 367

George, Prince, Elector of Saxony, 18, 312

German News Bureau (DNB), 368–69

German Press Agency, 372

“German Strategy and Capacity to Resist,” 180

Germany, East, xii, 385–86, 392–93, 399–400, 408, 421–22, 442, 443, 444, 447, 453, 455–56

Germany, Imperial, 1–2, 32–33, 83

Germany, Nazi:

aircraft industry of, 78, 127, 143, 191

air defenses of, xiii, 4–5, 117, 143, 174, 178, 203–5, 413

air force of,
see
Luftwaffe anti-British sentiment in, 99–101