Empires Apart (85 page)

Roanoke,
50

robber barons.
See
oligarchs

Rockefeller, John D.,
308
,
315

Roman empire,
17
,
21

Romania,
503

Romanov, Michael,
83
,
130

Romanovna, Anastasia,
75

Romanovs,
83
,
129–41
,
199
,
342
,
347

Roosevelt Corollary,
332

Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
426
,
427
,
434
,
435

Roosevelt, Kermit,
432
,
453
,
455

Roosevelt, Theodore,
315–18

1912 election,
378–79

Cuba,
289–90

inauguration,
283

Maine
,
288

Russia and Japan,
327–28

rule of law,
144–49
,
520

Rurik,
22

Rus,
22–23
,
26–27
,
64
,
504

Russia

Alexander I,
199
,
201–6
,
211–12
,
215

American Civil War,
259

Beria,
462–65

Catherine the Great,
140–41
,
181–83
,
193–95
,
198

Chechens,
239–40

Chukchi,
281
,
282

Church,
257–58

civil service,
125

cold war,
470

collapse of,
502–5

colonisation,
122–23
,
189
,
190
,
336

Crimean War,
238

culture,
304

determined opportunism,
513

dissent,
297–302
,
306
,
334–37
,
496–97
,
501

economy,
436
,
465
,
494
,
495
,
505

empire,
396
,
466
,
471
,
502–5
,
512–13

First World War,
346

foreign investment,
314

foreign policy,
442

glasnost
,
495
,
501

Gorbachev,
495
,
501
,
502
,
504

health indicators,
535

imperial expansion,
126–29

imperialism,
81
,
123
,
274–75

industrialisation,
307
,
312–14

Ivan IV (the Terrible),
73–79
,
112–13
,
126

Khruschev,
465

Komi,
414–15

labour unrest,
353–54

languages,
501

manifest destiny,
129
,
181

military force,
189

Mongols,
65–68
,
70–72

as nation state,
111

nobility, role of,
135–36

Novgorod,
22
,
69–70
,
86

occupation,
435

October Revolution,
348

oil,
406
,
506

oligarchs,
312
,
340
,
362
,
374
,
505–6

oppression,
439

origins,
27

Pan-Slavism,
236

patrimonial society,
136

perceptions of,
432

perestroika
,
495
,
502

pogroms,
343
,
344
,
345

prisoners of war,
436

Putin,
494
,
506
,
507
,
508

railways,
310
,
324
,
376–77

reconstruction,
436

religion,
122

Rus,
22–23
,
26–27
,
64
,
504

science,
310–12

Second World War,
425
,
429
,
430

serfs,
221

Siberia,
114–22

territorial expansion,
90
,
185
,
189–91

terror,
79
,
124
,
485

Time of Troubles,
81–83

tsarism ends,
342–46

tsars,
123
,
302

women,
301
,
311

see also
Bolsheviks; communism; Lenin; Poland; serfs; Stalin

Russia and America.
See
America and Russia

Russian Revolution,
127
,
178
,
296–97
,
301
,
338
,
342
,
351
,
353
,
407
,
549

Russian-American Company,
212

Russo-Polish War,
394

Ryazan,
68

St. Petersburg,
134–35
,
137
,
335
,
336

Sakharov, Andrei,
496–97

Samoa,
286

Sand Creek Massacre,
280

Sands, Philippe,
521
,
522

Sanford, Leland,
278
,
279

Santa Anna, Antonio,
234

Sarandon, Susan,
499

Saud.
See
ibn Saud

Saudi Arabia,
434
,
435
,
493

SAVAK,
455

savings,
539

scale, economics,
321
,
494
,
531–32

scalps, reward for,
156–57

science,
310–12

Scotch Irish,
157

Scott, Winfield,
235

Seattle,
403–4

Sechenov, Ivan,
311

Second World War,
423–32

America,
426
,
429
,
430

perceptions of,
430
,
432

Russia,
425
,
429
,
430

secrecy, diplomacy,
453

secret police,
355
,
455
.
See also
oprichniki

sectarianism,
100

Sedition Act (1798),
183–84

Seeley, John Robert,
548

self-interest,
245

Seminoles,
217
,
218
,
231

serfs

Arakcheyev colonies,
221

class struggle,
274

communes,
547–48

emancipation,
258
,
268
,
269

peasant revolts,
270

power structure,
300–301

Radischev,
246

revolts,
270

slavery, comparison with,
26
,
267–70
,
273–74

students,
299

Seven Year War,
155

Seward, William,
275

sexism,
58

Shamil, Imam,
239

Shelikhov, Grigori,
175

Sherman Antitrust Act,
319

Sherman, William T.,
265
,
266
,
271
,
272

ships,
286–89
,
313
,
403

Siberia,
114–26
,
250
,
336

Siberian natives,
120–21
,
124–25

Singer Corporation,
370

Sioux,
275
,
280
,
282
,
283

Sitting Bull,
284
,
285

skyscrapers,
284

Slansky, Rudolf,
439

Slater, Samuel,
229–30

slave-based colonisation,
91

slavery,
56–58
,
170–71
,
418

abolition of,
269

Carolina,
60–61

divided attitudes,
247
,
253–56

economics of,
255

life expectancy of slaves,
180

New England,
91

serfdom, comparison with,
246
,
267–70
,
273–74

slave revolts,
243
,
270

slave states,
189

Texas,
233

see also
black people

Slavophilism,
129

Slavs,
21–22
,
103
,
236

smallpox,
121

Smith Act,
497–98

Smith, Howard,
497

social democratic parties,
338
,
359

‘socialism in one country,'
397–98

socialists,
337–38
,
354
,
405
,
407

Solidarity,
502

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander,
496
,
501

Somersett, James,
170

Sondheim, Stephen,
500

Soviet Union.
See
Russia

Spain

Cuba,
402

exploration,
32–39

Florida,
218

Mexico,
233

Seven Year War,
155–56

Spanish American War,
276
,
287–91

Spanish Inquisition,
38

Spanish-American War,
276
,
287–91

spoils system,
226–28
,
519

Squanto,
93–95

Stalin, Joseph

alliances,
348

America,
263

consolidation,
442

death,
460
,
462

death sentences,
409

Finnish-Americans,
104

Georgia,
395

Komi,
415

Korea,
472
,
475

and Lakoba,
463

liberation movements,
444

memory of,
266

perceptions,
461

powerbase,
388

purges,
439

reconstruction,
436

Second World War,
425
,
426
,
427

‘socialism in one country,'
397–98

Soviet empire,
396

terror,
389–91

and Truman,
430

Yalta Conference,
434
,
437

zones of influence,
437

Stalinism,
361
,
389

Standard Oil,
315
,
319
,
370
,
406
,
413

Stanislas II,
194
,
195
,
197

sterilisation, forced,
417

Stevens, John L.,
284
,
285

Stoeckl, Edouard de,
259

Stolypin, Peter,
336

Stowe, Harriet Beecher,
358

strikes,
351–53
,
399
,
402
,
404

Struve, Friedrich,
311

Strzelecki, Pawel,
232

students,
299

subsidies,
527

Suez canal crisis,
449
,
467

sugar,
283
,
284

Sultan-Galiev, Mir Said,
389

superiority,
81

superpowers,
436
,
443
,
509

Svyatoslav,
23

Swartwout, Samuel,
227–28

Sweden,
126
,
132

Sweezy, Paul,
498

Taft, William Howard,
379

Taino,
35

Tajikistan,
503

tariffs,
306–7
,
412
,
533–34

Tartars,
65
.
See also
Mongols

Taylor, Zachary,
235
,
236

Taylorism,
406

Tea Act,
159
,
161

Tecumseh,
208
,
217
,
264

Tehran,
453

Tehran Conference,
427

terror

America,
485–89

cold war period,
484–89

Pilgrims,
85

Russia,
79
,
124
,
485

Stalin,
389–92

Texas,
232–35
,
370
,
520

textile industry,
229–30

Thanksgiving Day,
93

Thatcher, Margaret,
532

Theodoric I,
17
,
18

Third Crusade,
65

Tift, Joshua,
106

Tilsit, Treaty of,
202

Time of Troubles,
81–83

Tippecanoe, battle of,
208
,
264

Tito,
439

tobacco,
52
,
188
,
189

tolerance,
105

torture,
521

transcontinental railway, America,
279–80

Trans-Siberian railway,
310
,
324
,
376–77

treaties,
147–49
,
280

tributes, payment of,
87
,
123–24
,
537

Tripoli,
216

Trotsky, Leon,
336
,
347
,
349
,
350