Eugénie: The Empress & her Empire (49 page)

    
4.
  ‘It did them no harm …’: Primoli (1923).

    
5.
  ‘Screaming …’: Alba (1941), p. 5.

    
5.
  ‘The Paris …’: A good account of the city at this date is Mansell (2001).

    
7.
  ‘In a report…’:
Lettres familières
, I, p. 235.

    
9.
  ‘He told the girls …’: Arbeley (1932).

  
13.
  ‘Later known as …’: F. Bac (1928b) (a subtly partisan account of the author’s uncle).

  
14.
  ‘In a postscript…’:
Lettres familières
, I, p. 22.

  
16.
  ‘… a lady of very easy virtue indeed’: Fleischmann (1923), pp. 46–83.

  
19.
  ‘… abortive coup’: F.A. Simpson (1923); and Smith (1982).

  
19.
  ‘As a hostess …’: A. Revesz (1953).

  
20.
  ‘… an ugly, fat little man’: Malmesbury (1884), p. 285.

  
20.
  ‘If the handsome …’: Smyth (1921), p. 32; Kurtz (1964), p. 27; Ridley (1979) pp. 169–71.

  
22.
  ‘From here …’: J. Richardson (1969) (verging on hagiography).

  
24.
  ‘The dinner for four …’: Filon (1920), p. 24.

  
24.
  ‘In September …’:
Lettres familières
, I, p. 37.

  
29.
  ‘The more respectable …’: Maurois (1956).

  
32.
  ‘… at the château of Compiègne’: Hübner’s dispatch to Count Buol, Wellesley and Sencourt (1934); Viel Castel (1884), p. 130.

  
34.
  ‘Now it so happened …’: Kurtz (1964), p. 42.

  
37.
  ‘So today …’: The emperor’s letter of proposal is in the Alba archives at Madrid.

  
38.
  ‘Cowley mentions …’: Cowley, in Wellesley (1928), p. 17.

  
38.
  ‘He explained to …’:
Oeuvres de Napoléon III
, III, pp. 357–60; Queen Victoria thought the speech ‘in very bad taste’,
Journal
, 24 January 1853.

  
39.
  ‘A marriage …’: Wellesley and Sencourt (1934), p. 17.

  
40.
  ‘She tried to explain …’:
Lettres familières
, p. 53.

  
40.
  ‘in white velvet …’: Bac (1928a); Lady Augusta’s letter to the Duchess of Kent, transcribed by Queen Victoria into her
Journal; The Times
, 31 January 1853; Hübner (1904), I, p. 105.

T
WO

  
43.
  ‘I once held …’: Haussmann (1890–3), I, p. vii.

  
44.
  ‘Despite being …’: Bluche (1981).

  
44.
  ‘The Second Empire …’: Zeldin (1973), I, pp. 552–8.

  
44.
  ‘From the start …’: Fould (1867). Fould’s elder brother, Benoît, founded the banking house Fould et Cie.

  
45.
  ‘The emperor’s …’: Christophe (1951); Zeldin (1973), I. p. 549.

  
45.
  ‘Eugénie …’: Persigny (1896).

  
47.
  ‘… the Imperial household’:
Almanach Impérial
; Verly (1894), pp. 100 ff.

  
47.
  ‘… the
Cents Gardes’:
Verly (1894).

  
47.
  ‘… the Guides’: Fleury (1897–8), I, p. 226.

  
48.
  ‘Hübner saw …’: Hübner (1904), I, p. 143.

  
49.
  ‘Emile Ollivier …’: Ollivier,
Journal
, 22 February 1853.

  
49.
  ‘Eugénie had her own household …’:
Almanach Impérial
and Verly (1894).

  
49.
  ‘In secret…’: Mrs Moulton caught her smoking one in her bedroom; Hegermann-Lindencrone (1912), p. 94.

  
50.
  ‘When she told him …’: Viel Castel (1884), II, p. 199.

  
51.
  ‘All this was known …’: Bouchot (1896); Carette (1888–91); Whitehurst (1873); Vizetelly (1912).

  
52.
  ‘An invitation …’: Hegermann-Lindencrone (1912), pp. 25–31.

  
52.
  ‘… not so
petit
’: Hegermann-Lindencrone (1912), p. 31.

  
53.
  ‘Certainly there were …’: Crane (ed.) (1905), I, p.135; Gower (1883), I, p. 295

  
55.
  ‘Even in winter …’: Murray (1864); Clouzot (1925).

  
56.
  ‘Gentle, peaceful days …’: Filon (1920), pp. 61–2.

  
56.
  ‘Traditional French hunting …’: Metternich (1922), p. 97.

  
58.
  ‘Octave Feuillet…’: Feuillet (1894), pp. 346–66.

  
60.
  ‘It was the carefully …’: Wellesley and Sencourt (1928), p. 141.

  
61.
  ‘A few years later …’: Hegermann-Lindencrone (1912), p. 96.

  
65.
  ‘One night…’: Hegermann-Lindencrone (1912), p. 110.

  
65.
  ‘She made friends …’: Hegermann-Lindencrone (1912), pp. 141–2; Thomas (1911).

  
67.
  ‘It was a sport…’; Barthez (1912), pp. 84–8.

  
68.
  ‘A barely credible …’: Barthez (1912), pp. 175–82.

  
69.
  ‘The household …’: Metternich (1922), pp. 28–39.

  
70.
  ‘… a compact crowd’: Whitehurst (1873), II, pp. 24–32. 70. ‘His description …’: La Gorce (1894–1905), I, p. 130.

  
72.
  ‘His best organised …’: De Luz (1931); Osgood (1960); Zeldin (1973), I, pp. 412–13.

  
74.
  ‘… the scourge of the Imperial family’: Hübner (1904), I, p. 310.

  
74.
  ‘She adds …’: Bicknell (1893), pp. 64–5.

  
74.
  ‘He hated …’: Paléologue (1928), p. 59.

  
75.
  ‘A few were respectable …’: Filon (1920), p. 74.

  
77.
  ‘The emperor …’: Guest (1952), Queen Victoria,
Journal
, 16–21 April 1855;
The Times
, 16–21 April 1855; Malmesbury (1884), II, pp. 18–20.

  
78.
  ‘Everybody raved …’: Disraeli, letter of 1 May 1855 to Mrs Brydges Williams, Monypenny and Buckle (1910–20), IV, p. 5.

  
79.
  ‘On 18 August …’: Queen Victoria,
Journal
, 18–27 August 1855; Viel Castel (1884), III, pp. 175–7; Fleury (1897–8), I, pp. 183, 184.

T
HREE

  
83.
  ‘… beauty of their own sex’: Sencourt (1931), p. 211.

  
83.
  ‘How can you call…’: Ollivier (1961), II, 8 July 1867.

  
83.
  ‘After twenty-two hours …’: Hübner (1904), I, p. 403;
The Times
, 17 and 18 March 1856; Viel Castel (1884), III, p. 213.

  
86.
  ‘… I am a foreigner’: Kurtz (1964), p. 67.

  
87.
  ‘When my mother …’: Filon (1920), p. 11.

  
88.
  ‘It was one …’: Clouzot (1925), Clouzot (1939); E. Rouyer (1867); Carette (1888–91), I, pp. 133–46.

  
90.
  ‘The best place …’: Moulin (1967); Gaillemin (1990); Cornforth (2002).

  
91.
  ‘… loot from the Summer Palace’: first displayed in a memorable exhibition in Paris, which aroused widespread interest;
Gazette des Beaux Arts
, Paris, 1861.

  
92.
  ‘A smaller room …’:
Connaissance des Arts
, No. 479, January 1992.

  
92.
  ‘An Empress Dresses’: For this chapter Blum and Chassée (1931); Cabris (1901); Uzanne (1898); particularly important are Professor A. Ribeiro, ‘Fashion in the work of Winterhalter’, in Ormond and Blackett (1987), and Byrde (1992).

  
93.
  ‘In a letter …’: Barthez (1868), p. 95.

  
95.
  ‘There is an acme of dressing …’: Taine (1867), pp. 23–4.

  
95.
  ‘Unseen since 1830 …’: Bapst (1889); Vever (1906–8); Bury (1991).

  
96.
  ‘When the …’: De Marley (1980).

  
98.
  ‘… the bustle’: Whitehurst (1873), II, p. 85.

100.
  ‘Have you ever …’: Wellesley and Sencourt (1928),
Paris Embassy
, p. 111.

101.
  ‘… sent to the Mazas prison’: yet Dr Barthez thought that to some extent she still believed in Home: Barthez (1912), p. 164.

102.
  ‘This was …’: Clotilde de la Bedoyère, Fleischmann (1923), pp. 312–14.

102.
  ‘Virginie …’: Decaux (1953).

103.
  ‘Her vain, venal husband …’: Ornano (1958).

105.
  ‘… photography’: by photographers such as Gustave le Gray.

105.
  ‘Almost without warning …’: Malmesbury (1884), II, pp. 239, 283.

108.
  ‘She told the Walewskis …’: Wellesley and Sencourt (1928), p. 273.

F
OUR

109.
  ‘As they arrived …’: Pack (1958).

112.
  ‘The campaign …’: Dunant (1863).

114.
  ‘It was a letter …’: Comte Fleury (1920), II, pp. 29–30

115.
  ‘… a shirt of Nessus’: Paléologue (1928).

115.
  ‘… a decorative sovereign’: Loliée (1907b), p. 205.

116.
  ‘This transformation …’: Zeldin (1973), I, pp. 552–7.

118.
  ‘The work-people …’: Senior (1880), 19 August 1861.

119.
  ‘According to …’: Murray (1864), p. 48.

119.
  ‘The emperor’s …’: Haussmann (1890–3), II, pp. 1 ff.

121.
  ‘Pauline’s husband …’: Salomon (1931).

F
IVE

124.
  ‘Eugénie showed …’: Lavisse (1895).

125.
  ‘… one third those of men’: quoted by Zeldin (1973), I, p. 345.

126.
  ‘The painter …’: Klumpke (1999), p. 169.

126.
  ‘Despite her …’: Sand’s novel
Malgrétout
was serialised in the widely read
Revue des Deux Mondes
in February and March 1870.

127.
  ‘Eugénie was …’: Rollet (1988).

128.
  ‘The emperor …’: d’Hauterive (1925).

129.
  ‘There were two sorts …’: Maritain (1930); Daniel-Rops (1965).

130.
  ‘I was something …’: Paléologue (1928), p. 58.

131.
  ‘… the pope should stay in Rome’: the emperor’s anonymous pamphlet,
Le Pape et le Congrès
, outraged French Catholics, including Gallicans and even Viel Castel (1884), V, pp. 245–51.

132.
  ‘Soon the water …’: Lasserre (1892).

133.
  ‘The Revocation …’: Eugénie to Doña Maria Manuela,
Lettres familières
, II, p. 57.

135.
  ‘He probably thinks …’ – Filon (1920), p. 68

136.
  ‘Shortly after …’: Filon (1920), p. 69.

136.
  ‘… the cholera scares of the 1860s’: ‘The empress spent the day visiting those who have contracted cholera at the Beaujon, Lariboisière and Saint-Antoine hospitals. She went into the wards where victims are being nursed, going to bedsides, asking questions and encouraging patients, in a spirit worthy of a Sister of the Poor’,
Gazette Nationale
, 23 October 1865.

138.
  ‘Clearly Eugénie …’: Berlioz (1972), p. 620.

138.
  ‘In November 1864 …’: Clarette (1882).

139.
  ‘… Ambroise Thomas’: Moulin (1967), p. 63.

139.
  ‘The bourgeois …’: Flaubert (1926–30).

140.
  ‘Many of them …’: Filon (1920), pp. 54–5.

140.
  ‘Jacques Offenbach …’: Krackauer (1937); Harding (1980); and Faris (1980).

142.
  ‘The irony …’: Krackauer (1937), p. 16.

S
IX

145.
  ‘Shall America …’: Anon,
Lettres sur les États-Unis d’Amerique
, Paris, 1862.

145.
  ‘The concept of a Catholic monarchy …’: This did not mean she was hostile to the United States, whatever Nancy Nichols Barker (1965) may say.

146.
  ‘Early in 1866 …’: The classic narrative account is still Count Corti (1928); Parkes (1960).

149.
  ‘The emperor assured …’: Zamoyski (1987), p. 284.

150.
  ‘Historians …’: the report of the conversation is in
Il problemo veneto e l’Europa
, Venice, 1966–67. For the diplomatic context, Taylor (1954).

151.
  ‘… the crisis over Schleswig-Holstein’: Bismark said that only the Prince Consort, a German professor and Bismarck understood the problem, but the prince had died, the professor had gone mad and he himself had forgotten.

153.
  ‘Really, Eugénie …’: Viel Castel (1884), VI, p. 132.

154.
  ‘We are hastening …’: Viel Castel (1884), VI, p. 332.

154.
  ‘My God …’: Barthez (1912), p. 254.

157.
  ‘The consternation …’: Wellesley and Sencourt (1934), p. 284.

159.
  ‘Drouyn resigned …’: Harcourt (n.d.), p. 310.

159.
  ‘But Eugénie …’: Wellesley and Sencourt (1934), pp. 306–12.

161.
  ‘… a more adroit courtier’: Smyth (1921), p. 34.

162.
  ‘I am thinking with terror …’:
Lettres familières
, I, p. 83.

162.
  ‘… going to die on the scaffold’: Hübner (1904), I, p. 320.

164.
  ‘Eugénie bought everything …’: Barbara Scott, ‘In the Shadow of Marie-Antoinette’,
Country Life
, 6 December 1979.

165.
  ‘It really is quite extraordinary …’: Filon (1920), p. 78.

166.
  ‘For everyone …’: La Gorce (1894–1905), V, p. 151.

167.
  ‘Clearly, Lillie Moulton …’: Hegermann-Lindencrone (1912), p. 154.

167.
  ‘… a Winterhalter’: Whitehurst (1873), I, pp. 289–90.

171.
  ‘When squadron on squadron …’: Sencourt (1931), p. 204.

172.
  ‘Meeting the empress …’: Daudet (1911), p. 45.

172.
  ‘Within a week …’:Vandam (1897), p. 319.

173.
  ‘… she never forgave him’: Guétary (1905), p. 278.