Authors: Anna Mackenzie
We are assigned to a cluster of Casualty Clearing Stations, each a sprawl of tents and huts of various sizes, all linked by miles of wooden duckboards. The roads are
a mix of pavé and rutted track, both with ill-defined edges and varying degrees of pot-holing. Our main task is to ferry stretcher cases from the Station to the assigned CCS (how I shall remember which is which I know not!), and evacuation cases from the CCSs to the Station for transfer to a Stationary Hospital or else back to England. We are also required to make deliveries to the vast cemetery, which sprawls further every day. The driver for whom I am âorderly' during this orientation period, Emma Carr, has been with the convoy for nearly a year, during which time she has been based in four different locations. She gave me a quick run-down on the workings of her GMC motorcar and my ignorance soon became apparent (my previous âtraining' being a summary, provided by Winifred, of the daily maintenance requirements for my ambulance). I am woefully ill-prepared! EC says I shall need to get up to speed or be in trouble, so today I spent two of my off-duty hours with the mechanics, receiving lessons in the care and maintenance of my car. I am very grateful for all the practice I put in starting Lady B's motorcar for Winifred, as I am not quite so laggard in this as some of the girls â though we are told that it is when it freezes that the real problems begin. Pumping the tyres is another matter! I had a team of mechanics in stitches as I gave it my all.
My trepidation re driving proved needless: it is not significantly different to driving Lady B's motorcar, though the roads are in rather worse condition than those around Littlebury. My car is fitted out to take four stretchers or else eight sitting-up cases, with another up front if need be. There is no windscreen but a canvas shield that reaches one's chin â I presume to avoid damage to one's eyes in the event of an incident. It does make it rather breezy! Even though the weather is quite mild we go about well muffled with scarves. The oil lamps are my biggest concern, having never previously dealt with them. One of the mechanics
was quite rude about my lack of experience, but another, who is named Matthews, quietly showed me how to fill and light them. Another of our tasks is to go for stores, and such was the purpose of my first drive, giving me a brief introduction â with my own orderly as a guide â to finding my way about. The village we are near is called Lijssenthoek and then there is Poperinghe, known as Pops, with Ypres beyond (all are too close to the Front for âdelicate maids', according to Matthews), while runs to Calais and Boulogne and Hazebrouck are also required. Given there are no road signs anywhere and all the land is rather flat and featureless, navigating may prove a challenge.
Meant to write that on arrival yesterday, to my great surprise, I received a cordial greeting from none other than Miss Duncan from the
Remuera
â which journey feels a lifetime ago. Taking pity on my bedraggled state she sat me down and gave me hot cocoa, after which I reported to Matron to explain Winifred's predicament and that I was her replacement. She asked where I had previously been stationed, and for how long â which at least I was able to answer truthfully and with some pride â to which she said that the paperwork would no doubt arrive in due course and we would leave it at that for now. I feel slightly better, though I know I have not been entirely frank in allowing her to make the assumption that my replacement of Winifred was sanctioned rather than spontaneous.
Our accommodation is a bell tent in which we each have a curtained-off cubicle with a bed and shelf. Previous occupants have turned crates into little cupboards; I shall make do with Winifred's trunk. It is odd to have her things instead of my own; I am tonight feeling rather tired and a little weepy, and am grateful that I at least have my diary
and those of my own things I had packed for my excursion to Folkestone. Charles hovers very close. I only hope he does not disapprove of my hasty decision.
Woken at 5.40 a.m. by a massive bombardment. Structures of all kinds rattle and groan, any manner of things fly from shelves, and there is the constant deafening roar of the guns. Sometimes the earth itself seems to shrug and tremble. We were turned out of our beds at 6 a.m. with twenty minutes to dress and run to the mess for a hasty breakfast before reporting at our cars. Mine started without a hitch and we headed off with a load of sitting-up cases who were to go further back, making room for the expected influx. Did three or four runs of that nature, with constant horrific noise and flashes, and yellow and grey smears across the eastern horizon; then the first train of wounded arrived and there was no time to look at anything save the road and stretchers â and best not to look too closely at them â and no time for food or breaks. Rain last night and all the traffic has turned the road to slush; quite treacherous. Had a problem with my engine about 3 p.m. and one of the girls (Fraser) gave me a hand. I was jolly lucky it was she who chanced upon me. We are not entirely âa merry band': Gallagher is quite the prickliest person I have ever met, and yesterday sounded off about Fraser's tendency towards messiness. Really, she is in no position to set herself up over the rest, but she does like to wag an admonitory finger.
Eighteen-hour shift and perhaps four hours sleep with the guns firing all the time. Mist quite thick and road worse than yesterday. Not yet having my bearings, I twice went
to the wrong CCS and had to turn around and go back. Once we are loaded up at the Station the Sergeant barks off a number â 10, 13, 17, etc; there are Australian and Canadian Hospitals as well as British â and we head there, then back and back again for another load and another. They fill each CCS to the brim then it has a break, during which it endeavours to clear the backlog, while we fill up another. Those specialising in particular injuries must take them as they come, non-stop. Horribly tired and eyes aching from driving at night. British and Australian troops have won the Menin Road. The wounded are pouring in.
Five hours sleep, broken by guns and the formidable roar of aeroplanes overhead â several bombs have landed far too close for comfort; you would think they would respect the Red Crosses emblazoned on our roofs, especially as we have German wounded as well as our own. When it became clear further sleep was impossible I abandoned all attempts and went to find one of the mechanics for further instruction in the vagaries of my vehicle. After which, breakfast â and time to chew my food instead of bolt it! No sign of any let-up yet. Sisters and nurses look haggard. Miss â or rather Sister â Duncan asked how I was. She looked quite terrible, not having slept more than three hours in as many days; she is in one of the Operating Theatres, which work twenty-four hours a day.
Wounded still coming in but some now going out as well. Crossed paths with Matron, who commented (as if she did not have enough to concern her!) that she has yet to receive my paperwork. I shall have to speak to her when things
settle down; I do not feel at all comfortable with the deceit. Sent a postcard to Deans Park to say I have signed on with the Red Cross, which Winifred may by now have told them. Of my whereabouts, said only that I was working in a âperfectly nice Hospital', for of course the censors would not let me say more!
Forgot to fill my lamps with water yesterday, so when it came to it they would not light and I had to drive in the dark. No moon to help me and the roads pot-holed, so of course I must slide into a ditch. Luckily only sitting-up cases in the back, several of whom clambered down and helped push me back onto the road. I think they were quite cheered to find a âslip of a girl' at the wheel, though one said he hardly thought it proper so close to the Front.
Rain so heavy it is like driving in darkness. The goggles keep the rain out of one's eyes but do nothing to improve visibility. Another barrage this morning, signalling the rush to come. Only now does the purpose of the duckboards become apparent.
Large numbers of Australians over the last two days. It is quite terrible to see the state they are in. I cannot help but wonder where Edmund might be. Dashed off a note letting him know where I am; I shall write to Father and Mother when there is time.
Hauled up before Matron. I assumed the game was up and I was to be shipped off Home as the imposter I am, but no: I had been reported for fraternising with the men! After discussion it became clear the problem lay with someone who felt I was unnecessarily spending time with the mechanics. I was thoroughly outraged and did not care if it showed! Perhaps that is what saved me; Matron accepted my explanation as reasonable but advised that I should ensure I was not in the same âcompromised' position hereafter. Her parting comment was that âtensions run high when we are under pressure'. Such an accusation reflects not tension but meanness of spirit â and I can guess who made it! Found myself longing for Charles's good sense and wisdom; I confess, tears were shed.
EC agrees with my speculation and let slip a comment in the mess re my visit to Matron. Suspicions were confirmed, thus we now know where the âenemy within' lies (or in this case, sleeps, which is in the cubicle opposite mine).
Guns still blazing away â apparently it is only twelve miles to the Front, so little wonder we can hear them. Men pouring in. There seems no end, with far more coming in than going out. Two of the girls, Dennis and Clothier, fell asleep in the mess, Dennis with her hair in her soup! We are all at the brink of exhaustion. I cannot imagine how it must be for the men. At least the rain has stopped and weak sunshine battles to dry us all out.
Had one poor man today who must be loaded on his own with limbs tied to the stretcher racks on either side to save them from moving. It is generally a case of driving as fast as one can to the Station then back rather more circumspectly, though not slowly, as many cases need urgent attention. But I drove as slow as I might, trying to avoid the worst of the pot-holes. Two of the girls were obliged to match my speed as there was nowhere I might pull over. Gallagher was in full swing giving me a dressing-down as soon as we pulled in to unload, but had to hold her vitriol when my poor man was revealed. He made not a sound throughout, so that I wondered whether he might have died, but he seemed still to be breathing on delivery. Burns according to Brooker, who is one of the MOs.
Message to report to Matron when I came off shift at 10 a.m. Staggered to her office, bleary-eyed and hungry and smelling not at all fresh, and was asked whether there was anything I might wish to tell her. Having no stomach for further dissembling, and hoping I had done enough to prove my worth, I gave her the truth. That earned me a lecture on irresponsibility and Military Authority and the possibility of Dishonourable Discharge (which of course does not apply given I am not officially signed up, though it seemed wisest to say nothing on the point). She was in mid-flow when, quite unintentionally, I interrupted by yawning. Matron sat back and studied me and finally invited me to sit, which was a relief as I was on the verge of falling down. She then asked about my driving experience. When I explained I had done very little before arriving in Belgium, and no, I had not completed a Red Cross â or any â course, she looked somewhat horrified. It transpired she has known
for several days that I am not officially sanctioned, but had been waiting for a reference before taking steps to have me approved âgiven my showing to date' (which is just as Winifred supposed). But the letter she has now received in response to her enquiry has âleft her perplexed', being a reply from Matron at 1st Eastern. To her question as to what possessed me to presume I could step into a role as driver, given I had no experience, I did not have an answer, other than that I had acted on the spur of the moment, and on Winifred's despair at letting the side down. As to the despair which might have been caused had I, âby my inexperience been killed or caused the deaths of others', I simply agreed that we had not thought it through.
âIt cannot continue,' Matron decreed. I confess a tear or two may have escaped, which I put down to exhaustion. Her initial reaction, she said, had been to send me packing immediately, but the letter from 1st Eastern, being âvery much in my favour', had placed her âon the horns of a dilemma'. Regardless, I am to pack my bags.
Matron has decided on a reprieve, wherein I might prove myself. Several Sisters having been injured during a bombing raid at one of the Casualty Clearing Stations, reinforcements are being gleaned from wherever possible. As a consequence, I am to move to No. 17 CCS, Admissions ward, effective immediately. Matron has supplied a uniform, which I will need to supplement. As Matron âsees no benefit in encouraging gossip' it is to be put out that my transfer is due to my nursing experience and a temporary shortage of staff. When Emma announced it in the mess, one face showed disappointment; no doubt she would prefer to see me sent home in disgrace. EC says she will miss me, which sentiment I share.
My new accommodation is a Nissen hut, cubicles much the same size, with a small stove at one end and window and door at the other (my cubicle, inevitably, being furthest from the stove). The windowpanes are of waxed canvas. Brief bursts of sun today shine through in an almost cheery manner. Those of my fellow nurses I have so far seen are either (a) asleep or (b) asleep on their feet. I go on duty in half an hour, and have my feet up in preparation.
Massive bombardment woke us at 5.20 a.m., going on till well after 6 a.m. Groans arose from all occupied beds, as it means another Push. If it is anything like the last, we shall see the rush begin by midday. I go on duty at ten, so shall soon find out. Impossible to get back to sleep. Instead I shall write to Winifred and Edmund and our parents.