Far and Away: Reporting From the Brink of Change (74 page)

235
 Figures on Cambodia’s suicide rate come from World Health Organization, “Mental health atlas 2011: Cambodia,” Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, 2011.

235
 Figures on the proportion of mentally ill Cambodians who are permanently restrained, and on the country’s mental health budget, rely on Daniel McLaughlin and Elisabeth Wickeri, “Mental health and human rights in Cambodia,” Leitner Center for International Law and Justice, July 31, 2012.

235
 Figures on the number of psychiatrists in Cambodia come from Tanja Schunert et al., “Cambodian mental health survey,” Royal University of Phnom Penh, Department of Psychology, 2012.

235
 Proposals to relocate mentally ill citizens to pagodas are described in Radio Free Asia Khmer Service, “Cambodian province plans campaign for monks to care for mentally ill,” Radio Free Asia, April 20, 2015.

The Open Spaces of Mongolia

247
 The decline of nomadism in Mongolia is described in World Health Organization, “WHO country cooperation strategy for Mongolia 2010–2015,” World Health Organization, 2010.

247
 Figures on the Mongolian economy rely on the World Bank press release “Poverty continued to decline, falling from 27.4 percent in 2012 to 21.6 percent in 2014,” World Bank, July 1, 2015.

247
 Riots over purported election fraud in Mongolia were reported in Tania Branigan, “Mongolia declares state of emergency as riots kill five,”
Guardian
, July 2, 2008; the conviction of former president Nambar Enkhbaya, in Xinhua News Agency, “Former Mongolian president jailed for four years,”
CRI English
, August 3, 2012.

247
 The effects of overgrazing on the environment are analyzed in Sarah Wachter, “Pastoralism unraveling in Mongolia,”
New York Times
, December 8, 2009; see also Troy Sternberg et al., “Tracking desertification on the Mongolian steppe through NDVI and field-survey data,”
International Journal of Digital Earth
4, no. 1 (2011).

247
 The decline of many overharvested Mongolian species is discussed in Jeffrey Reeves, “Mongolia’s environmental security,”
Asian Survey
51, no. 3 (2011).

247
 For more information on the impact of modern technology on daily life in Mongolia, see Jim Yong Kim, “How Mongolia brought nomads TV and mobile phones,”
Bloomberg View
, October 14, 2013; and Mark Hay, “Nomads on the grid,”
Slate
, December 5, 2014.

247
 UNESCO’s designation of Naadam as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity is documented in “Naadam, Mongolian traditional festival,” United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2010.

247
 The repurposing of the former Lenin Museum in Ulaanbaatar is the subject of Tania Branigan, “It’s goodbye Lenin, hello dinosaur as fossils head to Mongolia museum,”
Guardian
, January 27, 2013.

Inventing the Conversation

250
 The suicide rate in Greenland at the time of my original research there had been most recently published in Tine Curtis and Peter Bjerregaard’s
Health Research in Greenland
(1995), page 31.

255
 The descriptions of polar hysteria, mountain wanderer syndrome, and kayak anxiety come from Inge Lynge, “Mental disorders in Greenland,”
Man & Society
21 (1997). I must thank John Hart for providing the parallel to “running amok.”

256
 Malaurie’s quote (“There is an often dramatic contradiction . . .”) is from Jean Malaurie,
The Last Kings of Thule
(1982), page 109.

258
 The high incidence of suicide in Greenland is explored in Jason George, “The suicide capital of the world,”
Slate
, October 9, 2009; and Lene Bech Sillesen, “Another word for suicide,”
Al Jazeera
, November 21, 2015. Sillesen’s report is the source of Greenland’s current suicide rates, and the quote from Astrid Olsen. For a scholarly discussion of the subject, see Peter Bjerregaard and Christina Viskum Lytken Larsen, “Time trend by region of suicides and suicidal thoughts among Greenland Inuit,”
International Journal of Circumpolar Health
74 (2015).

259
 Greenland’s vote for independence from Denmark is reported in British Broadcasting Corporation, “Self-rule introduced in Greenland,” BBC News, June 21, 2009.

259
 Expansion of hydroelectric power in Greenland is discussed in “Greenland powers up fifth hydroelectric plant,”
Arctic Journal
, September 6, 2013.

259
 The dramatic calving of a Manhattan-size chunk from a Greenland glacier is reported in British Broadcasting Corporation, “Greenland’s Jakobshavn Glacier sheds big ice chunk,” BBC News, August 24, 2015.

Naked, Covered in Ram’s Blood, Drinking a Coke, and Feeling Pretty Good

262
 For a discussion of the tradition of communicating with spirits among the Senegalese, see William Simmons,
Eyes of the Night: Witchcraft among a Senegalese People
(1971).

268
 My comments on the state of mental health care in Senegal rely on World Health Organization, “WHO mental health atlas 2011: Senegal,” Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, 2011.

268
 The quote “Without openness to Lebou beliefs and culture . . .” comes from William Louis Conwill’s seminal academic study of the
n’deup
ritual: William Louis Conwill, “N’deup and mental health: Implications for treating Senegalese immigrants in the U.S.,”
International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling
32, no. 3 (September 2010).

An Awakening after the Taliban

283
 Statistics on the number of US casualties in Afghanistan rely on US Department of Defense, “Casualty report,” US Department of Defense, November 10, 2015; numbers of troops remaining appear in Matthew Rosenberg and Michael D. Shear, “In reversal, Obama says U.S. soldiers will stay in Afghanistan to 2017,”
New York Times
, October 15, 2015.

283
 Dominic Tierney’s comment “The popular narrative . . .” comes from his article “Forgetting Afghanistan,”
Atlantic
, June 24, 2015.

284
 Murders of female journalists in Afghanistan are described in Declan Walsh, “Second female Afghan journalist killed in five days,”
Guardian
, June 6, 2007; and Associated Press, “Women journalists targeted in Afghanistan,” NBC News, June 26, 2007.

284
 Kubra Khademi’s performance art project and its aftermath are chronicled in Emma Graham-Harrison, “Afghan artist dons armour to counter men’s street harassment,”
Guardian
, March 12, 2015.

284
 For more on the Center for Contemporary Art, see “Introducing the Center for Contemporary Art Afghanistan (CCAA),” ARCH International, no date, at
http://archinternational.org
.

284
 The quote by Munera Yousefzada (“Before I opened the gallery . . .”) comes from Peter Holley, “In Afghanistan, the art of fighting extremism,”
Washington Post
, September 12, 2015.

284
 Turquoise Mountain’s programs are described on its extensive website,
http://turquoisemountain.org
, and in Daud Rasool, “Rebuilding Afghanistan’s creative industries,” British Council, October 14, 2013.

284
 A cofounder of Berang Arts discusses the situation of artists in Afghanistan in Francesca Recchia, “Art in Afghanistan: A time of transition,”
Muftah
, August 6, 2014.

284
 Professor Alam Farhad’s description of the explosion of interest in the arts program at Kabul University is recounted in Mujib Mashal, “Women and modern art in Afghanistan,”
New York Times
, August 6, 2010.

284
 Ali Akhlaqi’s lament (“Kabul is a cursed city of night . . .”) comes from Chelsea Hawkins, “9 artists challenging our perceptions of Afghanistan,”
Mic
, October 9, 2014.

284
 The quote from Shamsia Hassani comes from her interview with Lisa Pollman, “Art is stronger than war: Afghanistan’s first female street artist speaks out,”
Art Radar
, July 19, 2013.

284
 Azim Fakhri’s philosophy (“My feeling is accept what you can’t change . . .”) comes from Hawkins, op. cit.

285
 Kabir Mokamel’s “Art Lords” project is described in Fazul Rahim and Sarah Burke, “Afghan artist Kabir Mokamel takes aim at corruption with blast wall art,” NBC News, September 19, 2015.

285
 Marla Ruzicka was well loved and widely mourned; see, e.g., Ellen Knickmeyer, “Victims’ champion is killed in Iraq,”
Washington Post
, April 18, 2005; Robert F. Worth, “An American aid worker is killed in her line of duty,”
New York Times
, April 18, 2005; Simon Robinson, “Appreciation: Marla Ruzicka, 1977–2005,”
Time
, April 18, 2005; Jonathan Steele, “Marla Ruzicka,”
Guardian
, April 19, 2005; Janet Reitman, “The girl who tried to save the world,”
Rolling Stone
, June 16, 2005; and Sarah Holewinski, “Marla Ruzicka’s Heroism,”
Nation
, September 18, 2013.

Museum without Walls

291
 Up-to-date information about the Benesse Art Site can be found on its website,
http://benesse-artsite.jp
. For a recent review of Benesse, see Susan Adams, “Treasure islands: Inside a Japanese billionaire’s art archipelago,”
Forbes
, July 29, 2015. The quote by Soichiro Fukutake comes from Lee Yulin’s dissertation, “Strategies of spatialization in the contemporary art museum: A study of six Japanese institutions” (New York University, 2012).

Song of Solomons

302
 For information about UNESCO’s designation of the Marovo Lagoon, see “Tentative lists: Marovo-Tetepare complex,” United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, December 23, 2008.

302
 Reports of major seismic events in the Solomon Islands include Richard A. Lovett, “Deadly tsunami sweeps Solomon Islands,”
National Geographic News
, April 2, 2007; James Grubel, “Tsunami kills at least five in Solomons after big Pacific quake,” Reuters, February 6, 2013; Lincoln Feast, “Strong quake hits near Solomon Islands; tsunami warning cancelled,” Reuters, April 12, 2014; and Sandra Maler and Peter Cooney, “Magnitude 6.6 quake hits Solomon Islands in the Pacific: USGS,” Reuters, August 12, 2015.

303
 The relocation of Choiseul is reported in Megan Rowling, “Solomons town first in Pacific to relocate due to climate change,” Reuters, August 15, 2014; and Adam Morton, “The vanishing island,”
Age
, September 19, 2015.

303
 World Bank–funded efforts to upgrade infrastructure in order to withstand disasters better are announced in the press release “World Bank, Govt. of Solomon Islands launch two new projects towards improved power supply, disaster & climate resilience,” World Bank, April 1, 2014.

303
 Tectonic phenomena endangering the Solomon Islands are discussed in Gerald Traufetter, “Climate change or tectonic shifts? The mystery of the sinking South Pacific islands,”
Der Spiegel
, June 15, 2012.

Children of Bad Memories

305
 Unsourced quotations in my essay about Rwanda come from personal interviews conducted in Rwanda in 2004.

Books consulted on the Rwandan genocide include Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges,
“Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda
(1999); Jean Hatzfeld,
Machete Season: The Killers in Rwanda Speak
(2005); Elizabeth Neuffer,
The Key to My Neighbour’s House: Seeking Justice in Bosnia and Rwanda
(2002); Binaifer Nowrojee,
Shattered Lives: Sexual Violence during the Rwandan Genocide and Its Aftermath
(1996); Philip Gourevitch,
We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda
(1999); and Jonathan Torgovnik,
Intended Consequences: Rwandan Children Born of Rape
(2009). For journalistic coverage, see Donatella Lorch, “Rape used as a weapon in Rwanda: Future grim for genocide orphans,”
Houston Chronicle
, May 15, 1995; Elizabeth Royte, “The outcasts,”
New York Times Magazine
, January 19, 1997; Lindsey Hilsum, “Rwanda’s time of rape returns to haunt thousands,”
Guardian
, February 26, 1995; Lindsey Hilsum, “Don’t abandon Rwandan women again,”
New York Times
,
April 11, 2004; and Emily Wax, “Rwandans are struggling to love children of hate,”
Washington Post
, March 28, 2004.

306
 The role of Rwandan media in inciting genocide is discussed in Dina Temple-Raston’s remarkable book
Justice on the Grass
(2005). See also Russell Smith, “The impact of hate media in Rwanda,” BBC News, December 3, 2003. Also, in his doctoral dissertation, “Propaganda and conflict: Theory and evidence from the Rwandan genocide” (Stockholm University, 2009), political economist David Yanagizawa found a direct correlation between hate radio and violence by analyzing locations of transmission towers and topographical impediments to transmission, and the locations and numbers of subsequent genocide prosecutions.

306
 The Rwandan proverb “A woman who is not yet battered is not a real woman” is reported in Nowrojee, op. cit., page 20.

306
 General information sources on rape as a tool of war include Susan Brownmiller,
Against Our Will
(1975); Maria de Bruyn,
Violence, Pregnancy and Abortion: Issues of Women’s Rights and Public Health
(2003); and the Global Justice Center report
The Right to an Abortion for Girls and Women Raped in Armed Conflict
(2011).

307
 The expression “die of sadness” and the account that follows of atrocities committed against one rape survivor are documented in Nowrojee, op. cit.