Five Billion Years of Solitude (44 page)

“Habitable Zones around Main Sequence Stars” (Kasting),
155
–56,
159

Hadean Eon,
139
–40,
156

Halley, Edmond,
84

Halley’s comet,
3

Hart, Michael,
174
,
178

Hays, Paul,
176
–79

heliocentrism,
79
–82

Hiroshima,
23

Holmes, Dyer Brainerd,
100
–101

Holocene Epoch,
133
–35,
145

Horrocks, Jeremiah,
84

Howard, Andrew,
62

How to Find a Habitable Planet
(Kasting),
167

Hu, Renyu,
259

Huang, Su-Shu,
15
,
19

Hubble, Edwin,
86
–87

Hubble Space Telescope,
189
–93,
195
,
197
–99,
205
–7,
209
,
218
–19,
226

human genome project,
234

hydraulic fracturing (fracking),
126
–27

hydrogen,
159
,
170
–72

Icarus,
155

ice ages,
132
,
133
,
142
–43

Industrial Revolution,
22
,
134

inflationary theory,
89
–92

Ingersoll, Andrew,
159

intelligence,
20
–21,
23
,
32
,
182
–83

interferometry,
213
–14,
216
,
231

International Space Station (ISS),
187
,
189
,
197
,
202
,
207
–8,
210

interstellar travel,
44
–45,
100
–101

iron,
141

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST),
193
–99,
202
–4,
209
,
215
,
216
,
218
,
220
,
225
,
262

Jensen-Clem, Becky,
259

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL),
211
–12,
216
,
219
,
221
–25,
231

Johnson, Lyndon B.,
101

Journal of Geophysical Research,
178

Jupiter,
76
,
109
,
191
,
239

Galileo’s study of,
81

Kepler’s laws and,
83

moons of,
28
,
110

Jupiter-like planets,
13
,
28
,
50
,
56
,
59
,
60
,
108
,
109
,
226
,
228
,
248
–49

Kasdin, Jeremy,
219
–20

Kasting, Jerry,
150
–52

Kasting, Jim,
150
–67,
169
–84

children of,
153

Kasting, Sandy,
150

Kasting, Sharon,
153

Keck Observatory,
59
,
60
,
62
,
66
,
118

Kennedy, John F.,
224

Kennedy Space Center,
185

Kepler, Johannes,
82
,
83

planetary motion laws of,
82
–84

Kepler field stars,
41

Kepler Space Telescope,
13
–14,
53
–54,
56
,
62
,
71
–73,
98
,
108
–9,
166
,
201
,
225
,
229
–30,
263

Kirschvink, Joseph,
142

Knapp, Mary,
259

Korolev, Sergei,
186

Kuchner, Marc,
217
–18

Kuiper Belt,
76

Large Magellanic Cloud,
238

Lasaga, Antonio,
178

Late Heavy Bombardment,
3
,
140

Laughlin, Greg,
5
–6,
48
–50,
53
–57,
69
–70,
93
–100,
107
–12,
114
–15,
117
–20

Alpha Centauri planet search and,
94
–98

idea to move Earth,
76
–77

magnetic toy of,
93
–94

SETI as viewed by,
99

valuation equation of,
71
–77

laws of nature,
155
–56

Lederberg, Joshua,
15
,
16
,
167
–68

Le Gentil, Guillaume,
85
,
117

Leinbach, Mike,
185
–86

Lick, James,
112
–14

Lick Observatory,
58
,
61
,
62
,
70
,
113
–19

life,
32

on Earth,
see
Earth, life on

intelligent,
23
,
32

single-celled,
20

technological,
see
technological civilizations

light:

photons of,
72
,
89
,
115
–16,
156
,
191
,
193
–94,
201
,
202
,
213
,
216
,
237
–38

polarization of,
115
–16

waves of,
213
–14,
216

Lilly, John,
15
–16,
20
–21

Local Group,
88

Lovelock, James,
168
,
170
,
174
–76,
178
,
181
–83

Lucretius,
80
–81

Lyot, Bernard,
217

Madwoman of Chaillot, The,
36

Manhattan Project,
23

Marcellus Center for Outreach and Research,
127
,
149

Marcellus formation,
126
–30,
137
,
138
,
141
,
144
,
160

Marconi, Guglielmo,
48

Marconi Conference Center,
48
–50,
53
–57

Marcy, Geoff,
57
–63,
69
,
70
,
114
,
194
,
230
–32,
235

Margulis, Lynn,
175

Mars,
19
,
50
,
87
,
100
,
107
,
109
,
155
,
167
,
179
,
191
,
192
,
239