Fixing the Sky (52 page)
Authors: James Rodger Fleming
39
Quoted in Hering, “Weather Control,” 181â182.
Quoted in Hering, “Weather Control,” 181â182.
41
“Government Rainmaking,” 309â310.
“Government Rainmaking,” 309â310.
43
Clarke, “Ode to Pluviculture,” 260.
Clarke, “Ode to Pluviculture,” 260.
44
Curtis, “Rain-Making in Texas,” 594.
Curtis, “Rain-Making in Texas,” 594.
46
Hering, “Weather Control,” 182.
Hering, “Weather Control,” 182.
47
Blake, “Can We Make It Rain?” 296â297.
Blake, “Can We Make It Rain?” 296â297.
48
Blake, “Rain Making,” 420.
Blake, “Rain Making,” 420.
49
Moore, “Famine,” 45â46.
Moore, “Famine,” 45â46.
50
“Another Rain Controller,” 113.
“Another Rain Controller,” 113.
51
Harrington, “Weather Making,” 47.
Harrington, “Weather Making,” 47.
52
Brown, “Tower and Dynamite Detonator.”
3. Rain FakersBrown, “Tower and Dynamite Detonator.”
7
Fitzgerald, “At War with the Clouds,” 629â636; Hering, “Weather Control,” 185.
Fitzgerald, “At War with the Clouds,” 629â636; Hering, “Weather Control,” 185.
9
Abbe, “Hail Shooting in Italy,” 358.
Abbe, “Hail Shooting in Italy,” 358.
12
News clipping, undated, Franklin Papers.
News clipping, undated, Franklin Papers.
13
Franklin, “Weather Control,” 496â497.
Franklin, “Weather Control,” 496â497.
14
Franklin, “Much-Needed Change of Emphasis,” 452.
Franklin, “Much-Needed Change of Emphasis,” 452.
15
Franklin, “Weather Control,” 496â497.
Franklin, “Weather Control,” 496â497.
16
Franklin, “Weather Prediction and Weather Control,” 378.
Franklin, “Weather Prediction and Weather Control,” 378.
17
Abbe, “Cannonade Against Hail Storms,” 738â739.
Abbe, “Cannonade Against Hail Storms,” 738â739.
18
Caldwell, “Some Kansas Rain Makers,” 309.
Caldwell, “Some Kansas Rain Makers,” 309.
20
“Current Notes,” 192.
“Current Notes,” 192.
21
“Kansas All Right Now She Has Ten Rainmaking Outfits Ready for Service,”
St. Louis Republic
, April 25, 1894, 12
“Kansas All Right Now She Has Ten Rainmaking Outfits Ready for Service,”
St. Louis Republic
, April 25, 1894, 12
22
“A Successful Rainmaker: How Clayton B. Jewell Coaxes Moisture from Cloudless Skies,”
Columbus Enquirer-Sun
, August 12, 1894, 6.
“A Successful Rainmaker: How Clayton B. Jewell Coaxes Moisture from Cloudless Skies,”
Columbus Enquirer-Sun
, August 12, 1894, 6.
24
“Unfortunate Rain-maker,” 735.
“Unfortunate Rain-maker,” 735.
25
Quoted in T. E. Murtaugh, “Rainmaker C. M. Hatfield as Seen at Close Range,”
Los Angeles Examiner
, March 19, 1904, reprinted in
San Antonio Daily Express
, April 2, 1905, 8.
Quoted in T. E. Murtaugh, “Rainmaker C. M. Hatfield as Seen at Close Range,”
Los Angeles Examiner
, March 19, 1904, reprinted in
San Antonio Daily Express
, April 2, 1905, 8.
26
Moore, “Fake Rainmaking,” 153.
Moore, “Fake Rainmaking,” 153.
27
Patterson, “Hatfield the Rainmaker,” n.p.
Patterson, “Hatfield the Rainmaker,” n.p.
28
“Fake Rainmaker,” 84.
“Fake Rainmaker,” 84.
30
Tuthill, “Hatfield the Rainmaker,” 107â110.
Tuthill, “Hatfield the Rainmaker,” 107â110.
33
Seattle Post Intelligencer
, July 17, 1920, reprinted in
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1 (1920): 80â82.
Seattle Post Intelligencer
, July 17, 1920, reprinted in
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1 (1920): 80â82.
35
“Rainmaker Makes Hit: Dr. Hatfield Biggest Hero in Italy Today,”
Morning Oregonian
, September 2, 1922, 4; “Rainmaker Fails,” 591.
“Rainmaker Makes Hit: Dr. Hatfield Biggest Hero in Italy Today,”
Morning Oregonian
, September 2, 1922, 4; “Rainmaker Fails,” 591.
36
Carpenter, “Alleged Manufacture of Rain,” 377.
Carpenter, “Alleged Manufacture of Rain,” 377.
40
“Belmont Park to Test Rainmaker's Magic,”
New York Times
, September 10, 1930, 23; “Rainmaker Fails in Test,”
New York Times
, September 16, 1930, 11; Liebling,
Honest Rainmaker
, 47â48.
“Belmont Park to Test Rainmaker's Magic,”
New York Times
, September 10, 1930, 23; “Rainmaker Fails in Test,”
New York Times
, September 16, 1930, 11; Liebling,
Honest Rainmaker
, 47â48.
41
Goodstein, “Tales in and out of âMillikan's School,'” n.p.
Goodstein, “Tales in and out of âMillikan's School,'” n.p.
42
Fleming, “Sverre Petterssen,” 79.
Fleming, “Sverre Petterssen,” 79.
44
DuBridge interview.
DuBridge interview.
45
Roger Hammond to Irving Langmuir, February 3, 1950, copy in Vonnegut Papers.
Roger Hammond to Irving Langmuir, February 3, 1950, copy in Vonnegut Papers.
46
Willard Haselbach, “âRain Maker of the Rockies': History's Biggest Weather Experiment Underway,”
Denver Post
, April 22, 1951, 17A.
Willard Haselbach, “âRain Maker of the Rockies': History's Biggest Weather Experiment Underway,”
Denver Post
, April 22, 1951, 17A.
47
“Brief History of Artificial Weather”; Changnon, “Paradox of Planned Weather Modification,” 29.
“Brief History of Artificial Weather”; Changnon, “Paradox of Planned Weather Modification,” 29.
49
Kobler, “Stormy Sage,” 69â70.
Kobler, “Stormy Sage,” 69â70.
50
Bundgaard and Cale, “Irving P. Krick.”
Bundgaard and Cale, “Irving P. Krick.”
51
“Biography,” Wilhelm Reich Museum,
http://www.wilhelmreichmuseum.org/biography.html
(accessed January 20, 2010).
“Biography,” Wilhelm Reich Museum,
http://www.wilhelmreichmuseum.org/biography.html
(accessed January 20, 2010).
52
“Cloudbuster.”
“Cloudbuster.”
53
“Goodbye Chemtrails.”
“Goodbye Chemtrails.”
54
Webb County Commissioners, “Official Minutes,” April 14, 2003.
Webb County Commissioners, “Official Minutes,” April 14, 2003.
55
Raul Casso, Webb County, Texas, chief of staff (2003), in Berler, KGNS-TV broadcasts.
Raul Casso, Webb County, Texas, chief of staff (2003), in Berler, KGNS-TV broadcasts.
56
Berler, KGNS-TV broadcasts.
Berler, KGNS-TV broadcasts.
57
Guerra, “Stormy Weather,” 6.
Guerra, “Stormy Weather,” 6.
58
McAdie, “Natural Rain-makers,” 77.
McAdie, “Natural Rain-makers,” 77.
59
Carpenter, “Alleged Manufacture of Rain,” 376â377.
Carpenter, “Alleged Manufacture of Rain,” 376â377.
60
Jordan, “Art of Pluviculture.”
Jordan, “Art of Pluviculture.”
63
Fleming, “Fixing the Weather”; Fleming, “The Pathological History.”
4. Foggy ThinkingFleming, “Fixing the Weather”; Fleming, “The Pathological History.”
1
McAdie, “Control of Fog,” 36.
McAdie, “Control of Fog,” 36.
2
Shakespeare,
Hamlet
, act 2, scene 2; Coleridge,
Rime of the Ancient Mariner
, 12; Doyle,
Study in Scarlet
, 27.
Shakespeare,
Hamlet
, act 2, scene 2; Coleridge,
Rime of the Ancient Mariner
, 12; Doyle,
Study in Scarlet
, 27.
3
Abbe, “Tugrin Fog Dispeller,” 17.
Abbe, “Tugrin Fog Dispeller,” 17.
6
Lodge, “Electrical Precipitation,” 34.
Lodge, “Electrical Precipitation,” 34.
7
Balsillie, “Process and Apparatus for Causing Precipitation.”
Balsillie, “Process and Apparatus for Causing Precipitation.”
8
Bancroft to Warren, August 23, 1920, Bancroft Papers.
Bancroft to Warren, August 23, 1920, Bancroft Papers.
9
Warren to Bancroft, May 21, 1921, Bancroft Papers.
Warren to Bancroft, May 21, 1921, Bancroft Papers.
10
Chaffee, “Second Report on Dust Charging.”
Chaffee, “Second Report on Dust Charging.”
11
Warren to Bancroft, September 19, 1921, Bancroft Papers.
Warren to Bancroft, September 19, 1921, Bancroft Papers.
14
Smith, “Dr. WarrenâRain Maker.”
Smith, “Dr. WarrenâRain Maker.”
15
Warren to Bancroft, July 11, 1922, Bancroft Papers.
Warren to Bancroft, July 11, 1922, Bancroft Papers.
16
Talman, “Can We Control the Weather?”
Talman, “Can We Control the Weather?”
17
“Rain-making Not Feasible Says U.S. Weather Bureau,” U.S. Department of Agriculture press release, March 21, 1923,
New York Tribune
and
New York Times
, clippings in Bancroft Papers.
“Rain-making Not Feasible Says U.S. Weather Bureau,” U.S. Department of Agriculture press release, March 21, 1923,
New York Tribune
and
New York Times
, clippings in Bancroft Papers.
18
Ibid.
Ibid.
20
McFadden, “Is Rainmaking Riddle Solved?” 30.
McFadden, “Is Rainmaking Riddle Solved?” 30.
22
“Miracle.”
“Miracle.”
24
“Dispersal of Clouds Here Accomplished,”
Hartford Courant
, June 19, 1926, 1; “The Rainmaker Comes to Town,”
Hartford Courant
, June 20, 1926, D1; “Rainmaker Successful for 2d Time,”
Hartford Courant
, August 25, 1926, 1.
“Dispersal of Clouds Here Accomplished,”
Hartford Courant
, June 19, 1926, 1; “The Rainmaker Comes to Town,”
Hartford Courant
, June 20, 1926, D1; “Rainmaker Successful for 2d Time,”
Hartford Courant
, August 25, 1926, 1.
25
Warren to Bancroft, telegram, June 18, 1926, Bancroft Papers.
Warren to Bancroft, telegram, June 18, 1926, Bancroft Papers.
28
Warren to Bancroft, April 7, 1927, May 4, 1928, and February 21, 1929, Bancroft Papers.
Warren to Bancroft, April 7, 1927, May 4, 1928, and February 21, 1929, Bancroft Papers.
29
Servos, “Wilder D. Bancroft,” 4. Spence calls this episode “scientific,” but it was not (
Rainmakers
, 103â115).
Servos, “Wilder D. Bancroft,” 4. Spence calls this episode “scientific,” but it was not (
Rainmakers
, 103â115).
30
Quoted in Houghton and Radford, “On the Local Dissipation,” 5.
Quoted in Houghton and Radford, “On the Local Dissipation,” 5.
31
Bergeron, “On the Physics”; Bergeron, “Some Autobiographic Notes.”
Bergeron, “On the Physics”; Bergeron, “Some Autobiographic Notes.”
32
Houghton and Radford, “On the Local Dissipation,” 13â26.
Houghton and Radford, “On the Local Dissipation,” 13â26.
33
Houghton Papers.
Houghton Papers.
34
“Fog Broom,” n.p.
“Fog Broom,” n.p.
35
Bowles and Houghton, “Method for the Local Dissipation,” 48â51; “Controlled Weather,” 205; Wylie,
M.I.T. in Perspective
, 80â81.
Bowles and Houghton, “Method for the Local Dissipation,” 48â51; “Controlled Weather,” 205; Wylie,
M.I.T. in Perspective
, 80â81.
36
Houghton to N. McL. Sage, July 18, 1940, Office of the President, Institute Archives, MIT.
Houghton to N. McL. Sage, July 18, 1940, Office of the President, Institute Archives, MIT.
37
Houghton and Radford, “On the Local Dissipation,” 6.
Houghton and Radford, “On the Local Dissipation,” 6.
42
“FIDO Conference Program.”
“FIDO Conference Program.”
46
Clarke, “Man-Made Weather,” 188.
Clarke, “Man-Made Weather,” 188.
47
Ogden, “Fog Dispersal,” 34.
Ogden, “Fog Dispersal,” 34.
49
Ibid., 59â60.
Ibid., 59â60.
50
Ibid., 60; Ogden, “Fog Dispersal,” 38.
Ibid., 60; Ogden, “Fog Dispersal,” 38.
51
Gregg, “Address at the Dedication Ceremonies.”
Gregg, “Address at the Dedication Ceremonies.”
53
Devereaux, “Meteorological Service of the Future,” 217.
Devereaux, “Meteorological Service of the Future,” 217.
54
Mindling, “Raymete and the Future.”
Mindling, “Raymete and the Future.”
55
Devereaux, “Meteorological Service of the Future,” 218.
5. Pathological ScienceDevereaux, “Meteorological Service of the Future,” 218.
1
Rosenfeld,
Quintessence of Irving Langmuir
; Suits and Martin, “Irving Langmuir”; Fleming, “Pathological History,” 8â12.
Rosenfeld,
Quintessence of Irving Langmuir
; Suits and Martin, “Irving Langmuir”; Fleming, “Pathological History,” 8â12.
2
Langmuir, “Pathological Science.”
Langmuir, “Pathological Science.”
3
Fleagle, “Second Opinions,” 100.
Fleagle, “Second Opinions,” 100.
4
Quoted in Langmuir, “Pathological Science,” 11â12.
Quoted in Langmuir, “Pathological Science,” 11â12.
5
Associated Press, “Panel Finds Misconduct by Controversial Fusion Scientist,” July 18, 2008,
http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2008/07/18/fusion-misconduct.html
.
Associated Press, “Panel Finds Misconduct by Controversial Fusion Scientist,” July 18, 2008,
http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2008/07/18/fusion-misconduct.html
.
6
Schaefer, autobiography, chap. 6, Schaefer Papers.
Schaefer, autobiography, chap. 6, Schaefer Papers.
7
Langmuir, “Growth of Particles,” 167â174; Smoke Generation (1940â1947), Schaefer Papers.
Langmuir, “Growth of Particles,” 167â174; Smoke Generation (1940â1947), Schaefer Papers.
8
Schaefer interview; Schaefer to C. Guy Suits, October 10, 1946, Schaefer Papers.
Schaefer interview; Schaefer to C. Guy Suits, October 10, 1946, Schaefer Papers.
11
Sanford, “Rain-Making,” 490â491.
Sanford, “Rain-Making,” 490â491.
12
“Who Owns the Clouds?” 43.
“Who Owns the Clouds?” 43.
13
McAdie, “Natural Rain-makers,” 80.
McAdie, “Natural Rain-makers,” 80.
14
“Clouds Sprayed,” 418.
“Clouds Sprayed,” 418.
15
Grunow, “Der Künstliche Regen,” 602.
Grunow, “Der Künstliche Regen,” 602.
17
Quoted in Kramer and Rigby, “Selective and Annotated Bibliography,” 191â192.
Quoted in Kramer and Rigby, “Selective and Annotated Bibliography,” 191â192.
18
Byers, “History of Weather Modification,” 5â6.
Byers, “History of Weather Modification,” 5â6.
19
Schaefer Laboratory Notebook, July 12, 1946, Schaefer Papers.
Schaefer Laboratory Notebook, July 12, 1946, Schaefer Papers.
20
Schaefer interview.
Schaefer interview.
21
Langmuir Laboratory Notebook, July 1946, Langmuir Papers.
Langmuir Laboratory Notebook, July 1946, Langmuir Papers.
22
Schaefer interview.
Schaefer interview.
23
Schaefer Laboratory Notebook, July 31, 1946, Schaefer Papers.
Schaefer Laboratory Notebook, July 31, 1946, Schaefer Papers.
24
Schaefer to Suits, October 10, 1946, Schaefer Papers.
Schaefer to Suits, October 10, 1946, Schaefer Papers.
25
Croy, “Rainmakers,” 214.
Croy, “Rainmakers,” 214.
26
Press release, November 13, 1946, GE Archives.
Press release, November 13, 1946, GE Archives.
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