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Authors: Lucy Daniel

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BOOK: Gertrude Stein (Critical Lives)
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Miller, Rosalind S.,
Gertrude Stein: Form and Intelligibility
(New York, 1949); contains Stein’s college themes.

Museum of Modern Art,
Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude
Stein and her Family
, exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art, New York (New York, 1970)

Neuman, Shirley,
Gertrude Stein: Autobiography and the Problem of
Narration
(Victoria, BC, 1979)

––, and Ira B. Nadel, eds,
Gertrude Stein and the Making of Literature
(London, 1988)

North, Michael,
The Dialect of Modernism: Race, Language, and Twentieth-century
Literature
(New York, 1994)

Perelman, Bob,
The Trouble with Genius: Reading Pound, Joyce, Stein and
Zukofsky
(Berkeley, CA, 1994)

Perloff, Marjorie,
The Poetics of Indeterminacy: Rimbaud to Cage
(Princeton, nj, 1981)

Ryan, Betsy Alayne,
Gertrude Stein’s Theatre of the Absolute
(Ann Arbor, MI, 1984)

Schmitz, Neil,
Of Huck and Alice: Humorous Writing in American Literature
(Minneapolis, MN, 1983)

Simon, Linda,
The Biography of Alice B. Toklas
(New York, 1977)

Steiner, Wendy,
Exact Resemblance to Exact Resemblance: The Literary
Portraiture of Gertrude Stein
(New Haven, CT, 1978)

Stimpson, Catharine R., ‘Gertrude Stein and the Lesbian Lie’, in
American
Women’s Autobiography: Fea(s)ts of Memory
, ed. Margo Culley (Madison, WI, 1992), pp. 152–66

––, ‘Gertrude Stein and the Transposition of Gender’, in
The Poetics of
Gender
, ed. Nancy K. Miller (New York, 1986), pp. 1–18

––, ‘Humanism and Its Freaks’,
Boundary 2
, XIII (1984), pp. 301–19

––, ‘The Mind, the Body and Gertrude Stein’,
Critical Inquiry
, III/3 (1977), pp. 489–506

Toklas, Alice B.,
The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook
(New York, 1954)

––,
What Is Remembered
(New York, 1963)

Wagner-Martin, Linda,
‘Favored Strangers’: Gertrude Stein and Her Family
(New Brunswick, NJ, 1995)

Wald, Priscilla, ‘“A Losing Self-Sense”:
The Making of Americans
and the Anxiety of Identity’, in
Constituting Americans: Cultural Anxiety and
Narrative Form
(Durham, NC, 1995), pp. 237–98

Walker, Jayne L.,
The Making of a Modernist: Gertrude Stein from Three Lives
to Tender Buttons
(Amherst, MA, 1984)

Watson, Steven,
Prepare for Saints: Gertrude Stein, Virgil Thomson, and the
Mainstreaming of American Modernism
(New York, 1998)

Weinstein, Norman,
Gertrude Stein and the Literature of the Modern
Consciousness
(New York, 1970)

Weiss, Lynn M.,
Gertrude Stein and Richard Wright: The Poetics and Politics
of Modernism
(Jackson, MS, 1998)

White, Ray Lewis,
Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas: A Reference Guide
(Boston, MA, 1984)

Wineapple, Brenda,
Sister Brother: Gertrude and Leo Stein
(New York, 1996)

Internet

PENN
sound: Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing at the University of Pennsylvania.
http://writing.upenn.edu/pennsound/x/Stein.html

Link to recordings of Stein reading from
The Making of Americans
,
Matisse
,
A Valentine to Sherwood Anderson
,
If I Told Him: A Completed Portrait of
Picasso
,
The Fifteenth of November ... T S. Eliot
,
Portrait of Christian
Bérard
,
Madame Recamier. An Opera
, and
How She Bowed to Her
Brother
, plus a 1934 interview with Stein. Working notes by Ulla Dydo.

Letters

Burns, Edward, ed.,
The Letters of Gertrude Stein and Carl Van Vechten
. 2 vols: 1913–1935 and 1935–1946 (New York, 1986)

––, ed.,
Staying On Alone: Letters of Alice B. Toklas
(New York, 1973)

––, and Ulla E. Dydo, eds,
The Letters of Gertrude Stein and Thornton Wilder
(New Haven, CT, 1996)

Everett, Patricia R., ed.,
A History of Having a Great Many Times Not
Continued to Be Friends: The Correspondence between Mabel Dodge and
Gertrude Stein, 1911–1934
(Albuquerque, NM, 1996)

Gallup, Donald, ed.,
The Flowers of Friendship: Letters Written to Gertrude
Stein
(New York, 1953)

Page, Tim, and Vanessa Weeks Page,
Selected Letters of Virgil Thomson
(New York, 1988)

Steward, Samuel M., ed.,
Dear Sammy: Letters from Gertrude Stein and Alice
B. Toklas
(Boston, MA, 1977)

Turner, Kay, ed.,
Baby Precious Always Shines: Selected Love Notes between
Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas
(New York, 1999)

Acknowledgements

‘Gertrude Stein’ by Mina Loy is reprinted courtesy of Roger L. Conover, Mina Loy’s editor and literary executor. Extract from Gertrude Stein’s autobiographical notes for
Geography and Plays
, the Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas Papers, Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, reprinted by permission of David Higham Associates, and by kind permission of the Estate of Gertrude Stein through its Literary Executor, Mr Stanford Gann, Jr, of Levin & Gann, PA.

I would like to thank the British Academy for financial support in the making of this book. Thanks also to Kasia Boddy, Ros Coward, Ann Fraser, Rowland Hughes, Cathryn Stone and Paul Vlitos, and thank you above all to Terry Daniel and Annette Daniel, and to José Enrique Martinez Yabar.

Photo Acknowledgements

Photos courtesy of Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library: pp. 6, 10 (© DACS 2009), 15, 26, 33, 51, 67, 79, 96 (© Man Ray Trust/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2009), 101, 115, 123, 129 (© Man Ray Trust/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2009), 130 (© ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2009), 135, 157 (© Man Ray Trust/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2009), 160, 162 (by permission of The Carl Van Vechten Trust), 164, 165, 170, 175, 182, 185, 190, 191; photo The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Gertrude Stein, 1946 (47.106): p. 65 (Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, © Succession Picasso/DACS 2009); photos The Baltimore Museum of Art: The Cone Collection, formed by Dr Claribel Cone and Miss Etta Cone of Baltimore, Maryland: pp. 90 (BMA 1950.300), 128 (BMA 1950.315, © ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2009); photo Smithsonian American Art Museum: p. 188 (gift of Mr and Mrs Jacob Kainen and museum purchase through a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts, © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2009).

References
Preface

1
Edmund Wilson,
The Shores of Light
(New York, 1952), p. 579.

One

1
Gertrude Stein,
Everybody’s Autobiography
(New York, 1937), pp. 242–3.

2
Gertrude Stein,
Wars I Have Seen
(London, 1945), p. 8.

3
Quoted in Diana Souhami,
Gertrude and Alice
(London, 1991), p. 159.

4
Stein refers to the death of these siblings in
The Making of Americans
(Normal, IL, 1995), pp. 89, 796. This moment also surfaces elsewhere in Stein’s work, for example in
Everybody’s Autobiography
, pp. 115, 134.

5
Gertrude Stein,
Paris France
(London, 1940), p. 21.

6
Quoted in James R. Mellow,
Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein and
Company
(New York, 1974), p. 356.

7
Gertrude Stein,
Lectures in America
(New York, 1935), p. 150. Here Stein was quoting from her own
A Long Gay Book
.

8
Gertrude Stein to Robert Bartlett Haas, [23] January 1938, Yale Collection of American Literature, quoted in Brenda Wineapple,
Sister Brother: Gertrude and Leo Stein
(London, 1997), p. 61.

9
Gertrude Stein,
Brewsie and Willie
(New York, 1946), p. 113.

10
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 3.

11
Ibid., p. 3.

12
Gertrude Stein,
Selected Writings of Gertrude Stein
(New York, 1972), p. 69.

13
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 408.

14
Stein,
Everybody’s Autobiography
, p. 132.

15
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 3. These opening lines have provoked much comment. Stein is generally believed to have borrowed the story from Aristotle’s
Nichomachean Ethics
.

16
Ibid., p. 125.

17
Ibid., p. 45.

18
Stein,
Lectures in America
, p. 66.

19
Stein,
Everybody’s Autobiography
, pp. 135–7.

20
Mellow,
Charmed Circle
, p. 344.

21
William Carlos Williams,
The Autobiography of William Carlos
Williams
(New York, 1951), p. 254.

22
Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 71.

23
Gertrude Stein, ‘The Birth of a Legend’, in Rosalind S. Miller,
Gertrude
Stein: Form and Intelligibility
(New York, 1949), p. 134.

24
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 36.

25
Stein,
Everybody’s Autobiography
, p. 138.

26
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 134.

27
Gertrude Stein,
As Fine as Melanctha (1914–1930)
, vol. IV of
The Yale
Edition of the Unpublished Writings of Gertrude Stein
(New Haven, CT, 1954 ), p. 158.

28
Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 71.

29
Stein,
Everybody’s Autobiography
, p. 157.

30
Miller,
Gertrude Stein
, p. 109.

31
Stein,
Everybody’s Autobiography
, p. 16; Stein,
Wars I Have Seen
, p. 36.

32
Gertrude Stein, ‘In the Red Deeps’, in Miller,
Gertrude Stein
, p. 108.

33
Stein,
Everybody’s Autobiography
, p. 142.

34
Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 68.

Two

1
Alice Toklas said Stein was ‘very Californian ... almost a foreigner’ when she went East, quoted in Brenda Wineapple,
Sister Brother:
Gertrude and Leo Stein
(London, 1997), p. 45.

2
Gertrude Stein, college theme, in Rosalind S. Miller,
Gertrude Stein:
Form and Intelligibility
(New York, 1949), p. 115.

3
Gertrude Stein, ‘In the Library’, ibid., p. 141.

4
Ibid., p. 120.

5
Ibid., p. 115.

6
Evidence supporting Stein’s sensitivity over charges of literary incompetence is found in her tutor’s comments: ‘standpoint of a morbid psychological state’; ‘awkward and unidiomatic uses of language’; ‘wretched sentence structure’; ‘incoherent’; ‘lacking in organization, in fertility of resource, and in artfulness of literary method’, ibid., pp. 108–56.

7
Miller suggests that ‘Woman’ displays ‘an antipathy [Stein] harboured all her life’ towards illogical and hysterical women, ibid., p. 103.

8
Gertrude Stein,
Selected Writings of Gertrude Stein
(New York, 1972), p. 78.

9
Brenda Wineapple provides a coherent narrative of Stein’s movements and her preoccupations in these years, see
Sister Brother:
Gertrude and Leo Stein
(London, 1997).

10
William James quoted by Bert Bender,
The Descent of Love
(Philadelphia, PA, 1996), p. 118. See, for example, Münsterberg,
The
Americans
(1905), Santayana,
Character and Opinion in the United
States
(1920) and Royce,
Race Questions
(1908).

11
See Steven Meyer,
Irresistible Dictation: Gertrude Stein and the
Correlations of Writing and Science
(Stanford, CA, 2001). Meyer provides an exhaustive reading of the relation of Stein’s scientific training to her later work.

12
Mina Loy, ‘Gertrude Stein’,
Transatlantic Review
, II/3 (October 1924).

13
Donald Gallup, ed.,
The Flowers of Friendship: Letters Written to
Gertrude Stein
(New York, 1953), p. 4.

14
Stein,
Selected Writings
, pp. 74–5.

15
See Tim Armstrong,
Modernism, Technology and the Body: A Cultural
Study
(Cambridge, 1998), pp. 197–214.

16
See Wineapple,
Sister Brother
, p. 80.

17
Gertrude Stein and Leon Solomons, ‘Normal Motor Automatism’,
Motor Automatism
(New York, 1969), p. 10.

BOOK: Gertrude Stein (Critical Lives)
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