God and the Folly of Faith: The Incompatibility of Science and Religion (45 page)

10
. See Numbers, “Aggressors, Victims, and Peacemakers,” p. 34, and references therein.

11
. Keith Thomson, “Huxley, Wilberforce and the Oxford Museum,”
American Scientist
88, no. 5 (2000): 210. Online at
http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/2000/5/huxley-wilberforce-and-the-oxford-museum/3
(accessed December 18, 2010).

12
. Peter Nichols,
Evolution's Captain: The Dark Fate of the Man Who Sailed Charles Darwin around the World
(New York: HarperCollins 2003).

13
. Ibid., p. 311.

14
. Thomas Dixon,
Science and Religion: A Very Short Introduction
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 62.

15
. Jerry A. Coyne,
Why Evolution Is True
(Oxford, UK; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).

16
. Richard Dawkins,
The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution
(New York: Free Press, 2010).

17
. Stuart A. Kauffman,
Reinventing the Sacred: A New View of Science, Reason and Religion
(New York: Basic Books, 2008).

18
. Ian G. Barbour,
Religion and Science: Historical and Contemporary Issues
(San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1997).

19
. John Paul II, message to Pontifical Academy of Sciences, October 22, 1996, Catholic Information Network. Online at
http://www.cin.org/jp2evolu.html
(accessed December 20, 2008).

20
. Pope Benedict XVI, “Easter Vigil Homily: We Celebrate the First Day of the New Creation,” April 25, 2011. Online at
http://www.catholic.org/clife/lent/story.php?id=41157&page=1
(accessed May 8, 2011).

21
. Gallup Poll, “Republicans, Democrats Differ on Creationism,” 2010
http://www.gallup.com/poll/108226/Republicans-Democrats-Differ-Creationism.aspx2010
(accessed January 22, 2011).

22
. Alvin Plantinga in
Science and Religion: Are They Compatible?
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 4.

23
. Daniel Dennett in
Science and Religion: Are They Compatible?
p. 28.

24
. Alvin Plantinga in
Science and Religion: Are They Compatible?
p. 41.

25
. Daniel Dennett in
Science and Religion: Are They Compatible?
p 46.

26
. John D. Miller et al., “Public Acceptance of Evolution,”
Science
11 (2006): 765.

27
. Tom Peck and Jerome Taylor, “Scientist Imam Threatened over Darwinist Views,”
The Independent
(March 5, 2011).

28
. For a comprehensive account of science in the Muslim world, see Taner Edis,
An Illusion of Harmony: Science and Religion in Islam
(Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007)

29
. Numbers, “Aggressors, Victims, and Peacemakers,” p. 38.

30
. Edward J. Larson,
Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate over Science and Religion
(New York: Basic Books, 1997).

31
. Ronald L. Numbers,
The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design
, expanded ed., first Harvard University Press pbk. ed. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006).

32
. George McCready Price:
Outlines of Modern Christianity and Modern Science
(Oakland, CA: Pacific Press, 1902);
Illogical Geology, the Weakest Point in the Evolution Theory
(Los Angeles: Modern Heretic Co., 1906);
The Fundamentals of Geology and Their Bearings on the Doctrine of a Literal Creation
(Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press, 1913);
The New Geology: A Textbook for Colleges, Normal Schools, and Training Schools; and for the General Reader
(Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press, 1923).

33
. Numbers, “Aggressors, Victims, and Peacemakers,” p. 37.

34
. Ronald L. Numbers, “The Creationists,” in
God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter between Christianity and Science
, ed. David C. Lindberg and Ronald L. Numbers (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 399–410.

35
. Ibid., p. 402.

36
. Numbers, “Aggressors, Victims, and Peacemakers,” p. 40.

37
. John Clement Whitcomb Jr. and Henry M. Morris,
The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications
(Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian and Reformed Pub. Co., 1961).

38
. Massimo Pigliucci,
Denying Evolution: Creationism, Scientism, and the Nature of Science
(Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2002).

39
. William R. Overton, U. S. District Court Opinion,
McLean v. Arkansas
, 1982. Reprinted in
But Is It Science? The Philosophical Question in the Creation/Evolution Controversy
, ed. Michael Ruse (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988), pp. 307–31.

40
.
Lemon v. Kurtzman
, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), available at
http://supreme.justia.com/us/403/602/case.html
(accessed January 6, 2011).

41
. For a full discussion of the philosophical issues, see Ruse,
But Is It Science?

42
. Michael J. Behe,
Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution
(New York: Free Press, 1996).

43
. David Ussery, “Darwin's Transparent Box: The Biochemical Evidence for Evolution,” in
Why Intelligent Design Fails: A Scientific Critique of the New Creationism
, ed. Matt Young and Taner Edis (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004), pp. 48–57; Alan D. Gishlick, “Evolutionary Paths to Irreducible Systems,” ibid., pp 58–71; Ian Musgrave, “Evolution of the Bacterial Flagellum,” ibid., pp. 72–84.

44
. William A. Dembski,
Intelligent Design: The Bridge between Science and Theology
(Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1999), p. 160.

45
. Victor J. Stenger,
Has Science Found God? The Latest Results in the Search for Purpose in the Universe
(Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2003), pp. 102–10.

46
. Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver,
The Mathematical Theory of Communication
(Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1949).

47
. Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross,
Creationism's Trojan Horse: The Wedge of Intelligent Design
(Oxford, UK; New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).

48
. Phillip E. Johnson,
Defeating Darwinism by Opening Minds
(Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997), p. 16.

49
. Phillip E. Johnson,
Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law & Education
(Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1995).

50
. Phillip E. Johnson,
The Wedge of Truth: Splitting the Foundations of Naturalism
(Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000).

51
. “The Wedge Strategy,” Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture,
http://www.antievolution.org/features/wedge.html
(accessed January 6, 2011). For more details, see Forrest and Gross,
Creationism's Trojan Horse
.

52
. Steve Benen, “From Genesis to Dominion: Fat-Cat Theocrat Funds Creationism Crusade,”
Church & State
(July/August 2000). Online at
http://www.texscience.org/files/discovery.htm
(accessed March 4, 2011).

53
.
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
trial transcript: Day 12 (October 1, 2005), AM session, part 1,
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dover/day12am.html
(accessed January 11, 2012).

54
. For his account of the Dover trial, see Kenneth R. Miller, “Darwin, God, and Dover: What the Collapse of ‘Intelligent Design’ Means for Science and Faith in America,” in
The Religion and Science Debate: Why Does It Continue?
ed. Harold W. Attridge (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 55–92.

55
. Kenneth R. Miller,
Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground between God and Evolution
(New York: Cliff Street Books, 1999).

56
. Ibid.,
chapter 8
.

57
. Victor J. Stenger,
Quantum Gods: Creation, Chaos, and the Search for Cosmic Consciousness
(Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2009).

58
. Jones, John E. III, “
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District et al
., Case No. 04cv2688,” December 20, 2005,
http://www.pamd.uscourts.gov/kitzmiller/kitzmiller_342.pdf
(accessed January 5, 2011).

59
. Bradley John Monton,
Seeking God in Science: An Atheist Defends Intelligent Design
(Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2009).

60
. “U.S. Religious Knowledge Survey,” Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, September 28, 2010.
http://pewforum.org/other-beliefs-and-practices/u-s-religious-knowledge-survey.aspx
(accessed January 5, 2011).

61
. For example, see Dan Barker,
Losing Faith in Faith: From Preacher to Atheist
(Madison, WI: Freedom from Religion Foundation, 2006); John W. Loftus,
Why I Became an Atheist: A Former Preacher Rejects Christianity
(Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2008); Bart D. Ehrman,
Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (and Why We Don't Know about Them)
(New York: HarperOne, 2009).

62
. Michael Berkman and Eric Plutzer,
Evolution, Creationism, and the Battle to Control America's Classrooms
(Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press), p. 123.

63
. Ibid., p. 81.

64
. Barbour,
Religion and Science
, pp. 72–74.

65
. Henry Drummond,
The Lowell Lectures on the Ascent of Man
(London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1894).

66
. Arthur Peacocke, “The Sciences of Complexity: A New Theological Resource?” in
Information and the Nature of Reality: From Physics to Metaphysics
, ed. Paul Davies and Niels Henrik Gregersen (Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 249–81.

67
. Michael Dowd,
Thank God for Evolution! How the Marriage of Science and Religion Will Transform Your Life and Our World
(Tulsa, OK: Council Oak Books, 2007).

68
. David J. Bartholomew,
God, Chance, and Purpose: Can God Have It Both Ways?
(Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).

69
. Barbour,
Religion and Science
, pp. 237–247.

70
. Stenger,
Quantum Gods
.

71
. See, for example, the 2008 documentary film
Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed
, directed by Nathan Frankowski and narrated by Ben Stein.

72
. Herbert Spencer,
The Principles of Biology
(London: William and Norgate, 1864).

73
. Herbert Spencer,
The Principles of Sociology
(New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1880).

74
. Herbert Spencer,
System of Synthetic Philosophy
, 10 vols. See vol. 1,
First Principles
(London: Williams and Norgate, 1863).

75
. Richard Dawkins,
The Selfish Gene
, new ed. (Oxford, UK; New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 192.

76
. Edward O. Wilson,
Sociobiology: The New Synthesis
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1975).

77
. Dawkins,
The Selfish Gene
, p. 198.

78
. Richard Dawkins,
The God Delusion
(Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2006), pp. 199–200.

79
. John Gray, “The Atheist Delusion,”
Guardian
(March 15, 2008),
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/mar/15/society
(accessed May 30, 2011).

80
. Craig A. James,
The Religion Virus: Why We Believe in God—An Evolutionist Explains Religion's Incredible Hold on Humanity
(n.p.: O Books, 2010), p. 58.

81
. Daniel C. Dennett,
Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon
(New York: Viking, 2006), p. 84.

82
. Darrel W. Ray,
The God Virus: How Religion Infects Our Lives and Culture
(Bonner Springs, KS: IPC Press, 2009), p. 23.

83
. Ibid., pp. 23–29.

84
. James,
The Religion Virus
, p. 58.

85
. Ibid., p. 25.

86
. Becky Garrison,
The New Atheist Crusaders and Their Unholy Grail: The Misguided Quest to Destroy Your Faith
(Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2007), pp. 104–105.