Gracefully Insane (37 page)

Dr. Alan Stone’s comments on “hippiephrenia” appeared in the Summer 2000 issue of the
Boston Review.
In addition to the cited interviews, I also used the
Time
magazine cover story (March 1, 1971), a
New York Times Magazine
story (February 21, 1971), a long article by Timothy Crouse in
Rolling Stone
(February 18, 1971), and the
Rolling Stone
interview with James Taylor (September 6, 1979) to flesh out details of the Taylor family’s pursuits in the early 1970s. The song fragment is quoted with James Taylor’s permission.

Music therapist Paul Roberts shared his reports on his work at McLean with me.

Walter Jackson Freeman’s book is
Psychiatrist: Personalities and Patterns
(New York: Grune and Stratton, 1968). The article by Charles Rich and Ferris Pitts appeared in the
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
in August 1980. McLean doctors spoke to me about Doris Menzer-Benaron and Mark Altschule. There is a very interesting videotaped interview with Altschule in the Harvard Medical School’s Countway Library of Medicine.

McLean provided me with Dr. Harvey Shein’s curriculum vitae. Other biographical details came from interviews, primarily with his childhood friend John Livingstone. Shein and Stone published three major works on suicide: “Psychotherapy of the Hospitalized Suicidal Patient,”
American Journal of Psychotherapy,
vol. 22: 15-25, 1968; “Psychotherapy Designed To Detect and Treat Suicidal Potential,”
American Journal of Psychiatry,
March 1969; and “Monitoring and Treatment of Suicidal Potential within the Context of Psychotherapy,”
Comprehensive Psychotherapy,
January 1969. Shein’s paper on loneliness and isolation appeared in the
American Journal of Psychotherapy,
January 1974.

There is no shortage of information on the parlous state of modern mental health. Two of my sources were Edward Shorter’s history of psychiatry and T.M. Lurhmann’s
Of Two Minds
(New York: Knopf, 2000), which provided the quote about McLean looking like London after the Blitz.
Under Observation,
by Dr. Alexander Vuckovic and Lisa Berger (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1994), gives excellent insights into the workings of McLean during the early 1990s. The catalog for the art auction is in the McLean archives.

Adams, Clover

Adams, Henry

Adams, John

Adams, John Quincy

Adams family

“Adjustment reaction of adolescence,”

“An Adolescent Program Needed,”

Adolescent psychiatry

Adolescent treatment center

“Adolescent turmoil,”

Agassiz, Louis

Albert Lasker Award

Alcott, Bronson

Alfred Stanton Room

Almshouse

Altschule, Julia

Altschule, Mark

American Chemical Society

American Medical Association

American Notes
(Dickens)

American Psychiatric Association

American Retirement Corporation

Ames, James Barr

Ames, Lois

Amory, Cleveland

Anesthesia

and electroshock therapy

and lobotomies

Antipsychotic drugs.

Apple record label

Appleton, William

Appleton Hall

Architecture, at McLean Hospital

Arlington Cottage

Arlington School

Arnold Arboretum

Arno’s

“Around and About McLean,”

Asher, Peter

Asylums

in Europe

Audubon Society

Austen Riggs sanitarium

Awful Rowing Towards God
(Sexton)

Axelrod, Julius

Baez, Joan

Bagg, Robert

Baker, Charles

Baker, Newton D.

Balanced Budget Act

Ball, Margaret

Bands. See also Music therapy

Barnes, Albert

Barnhouse, Ruth Tiffany

and Plath, Sylvia

Barnstone, Aliki

Barrell, Joseph

Barrell estate

Bayliss, Jonathan

Beacon Hill

Beacon Hill Civic Association

Beard, Charles

Beatles, the

Beck, Jeff

Beck, T. Romeyn

Beebe family

“Behind the Screen: Poems from the Female Maximum Security Hall,”

Belknap Hall

Bell, Luther

The Bell Jar
(Plath)

Belmont, Massachusetts

Belmont Conservation Commission

Bemis, William Otis

Berger, Lisa

Bergman, Stephen (pseud. Samuel Shem)

Berklee School of Music

Bernhard, Duke of Saxe Weimar-Eisenach

Beth Israel Hospital

Bicetre Asylum

Bidart, Frank

Bijur, Abraham

Bijur, Anjelika “Angie,”

Biltmore hotel

Bini, Lucio

Birth-control pill,

Bishop, Elizabeth

Bite treatments (mosquito, rat)

Blaine, Anita

Bleeding

Bleuler, Eugen

Blood injection treatments

Bloomingdale Asylum

Bonaparte, Joseph

Bond, Douglas

Bond, Earl

Bond, Thomas

Bonnard, Pierre

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Boston Lunatic Hospital

Boston Museum of Fine Arts

Boston Psychoanalytic Institute

Boston Psychopathic Hospital

Boston and Albany railroad

Boston Symphony Orchestra

Boston Tea Party

Boston University

Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll

Bowditch Hall

“Bowen, Julia,”

Bower, Willis

Bowl, the

Boyle, Rosalie

Boyle, T. Coraghessan

BPD.
See
Borderline personality disorder

Brackett, Nathaniel, Jr.

Bragg, Terry

Brandeis University

Braque, Georges

Bridgewater State Hospital for the Criminally Insane

Brill, Abraham

Broadmoor psychiatric prison

Brock, Alice

Broderick, Matthew

Bromberg, David

Brooks, Swepson

Brother Ray
(Charles)

“Brown-eyed Girl,”

Brunswick, Ruth Mack

Bryn Mawr

Budson, Richard

Buffalo State Asylum

Bulfinch, Charles

Bunker Hill

Bureau of Vital Statistics

Burgholzli Psychiatric Clinic

Burke, Kenneth

Butler, John

Butler Hospital

Byrd, Richard

Calomel

Cambridge

Capp, Al

“Carolina Day,”

“Casey at the Bat” (Edward Scofield)

Catcher in the Rye
(Salinger)

Cerletti, Ugo

Chagall, Marc

Chambers Brothers

Channing Sanitarium

Charenton Asylum

Charity patients

Charles, Ray

Charles River

Charles River Boys

Charlestown

Charlestown Asylum

Chestnut Lodge sanitarium

Chicago Art Institute

Chicago symphony

Chloral hydrate

Choras, Peter

Clark, Pierce

Classical High School

Clinton, Bill

Clinton, Hillary Rodham

Close to Home
(Heilner)

Club

Cochineal

Codman Hall

Coercion chair

Cohen, Bruce

Cole, Jonathan

Coles, Robert

Conservation Commission

Constitutional medicine

Continuous bath therapy

Continuous sleep therapy

Corday, Charlotte

Corey, Stephen

Cornell Medical School

Cornell University

Coser, Rose

Cosmopolitan
magazine

Cost of stay, at McLean Hospital

Cottages, at McLean Hospital

Cotting, Sarah

Cotton, Henry

Craig House

Cu, Wellington

Cultural opportunities, at McLean Hospital

Cummings, E. E.

Cummings, Marion

“Cyprus Avenue,”

Daniels, Edward

Danish twins study

Dauernarkose.
See
Continuous sleep therapy

David, Jacques-Louis

Death in Venice
(Mann)

The Death of Marat
(David)

Declaration of Independence

Defoe, Daniel

de Havilland, Olivia

Deutsch, Albert

Dewey, John

Dexter, Katharine

Diana: In Search of Herself
(Smith)

Diana, Princess

Dickens, Charles

Dinsmore, Paul

Discretion, at McLean Hospital

“Doctor Man,”

Dos Passos, John

Dover, Thomas

Dover’s powder

Dreams in the Mirror
(Kennedy)

Drug therapy.

Dylan, Bob

East House

ECT.
See
Electroconvulsive therapy

Edinburg, Golda

Egasmoniz, António

Elders, the

Electric light bath

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
See also
Electroshock therapy

Electroshock therapy

and Plath, Sylvia

See also
Electroconvulsive therapy

Eli Lilly Company

Eliot, George

Eliot, T. S.

Eliot Chapel

Eliot family

Ellenberg, John

Ellis, George

Emerson, Edward Bliss

Emerson, Ralph Waldo

Emerson, Robert Bulkeley

“Encounter, Psychiatric Institute” (Plunkett)

Enders, John

England, asylums in

Epilepsy

Epsom salts

Erikson, Erik

Escapes

Estelle’s

Ether

Etiquette

Everett, Frank

Evipal

Exploratory, insight-oriented (EIO) therapy

Favill, Henry

Fehmer and Page (architects)

Fever inducement

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

Fitzgerald, Zelda

Fleury, Robert

Fogg Museum

Folsom, William

Fomentation

Food, at McLean Hospital

Forced normalization theory

“For the Union Dead” (Robert Lowell)

“Fragment for Anne” (Plunkett)

France, asylums in

Frazier, Shervert

Freeman, Walter Jackson

Freeman-Watts procedure.
See also
Lobotomies

Freud, Sigmund

and Frink, Horace

and Liebman, Carl

and psychoses

and Thayer, Scofield

Freud and His Followers
(Roazen)

Friedrich, Otto

“Friendship” (Emerson)

Frink, Doris

Frink, Helen

Frink, Horace

Frink, John

Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda

Frost, Robert

Fuller, Margaret

Garland, Jeff

George III,

Germany, asylums in

Gifford Lectures

Girl, Interrupted
(Kaysen)

Girl, Interrupted
(movie)

Glenside Lodge

Goddard College

Goldman, Emma

Golf

Graceland Cemetery

Grand hotel (Venice)

Grateful Dead

Great and Desperate Cures
(Valenstein)

Greatest Generation, the

Green, Hannah

Gregory, Alyse

Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital

Grounds, at McLean Hospital

Gunderson, John

Gyrator

Hall, G. Stanley

Hall-Mercer

Hamilton, Gilbert van Tassel

Hartford Retreat

Harvard alumni magazine

Harvard Club.
See also
Upham Hall

Harvard Faculty Club

Harvard Law School

Harvard Medical School

Harvard University

and constitutional medicine

and Partners HealthCare System

and Shaw, Louis Agassiz

Hashish, tincture of

Health maintenance organizations

Heilner, Sam

Hereditary degeneration