Grit (55 page)

author’s experience with,
157
–
59

cultivating a sense of,
165
–
67

defined,
143

happiness and,
146
–
47

origins of,
162

other-oriented,
144
–
49
,
159
–
61
,
164
–
65

self-oriented,
159
–
61

in three-phase progression model,
144

unpredictable roads to,
161
–
62

Putnam, Robert,
236
–
37

Rasmussen, Mads,
133
,
138

Rats, experiments on,
188
–
89
,
238
–
39
,
296
n

Reddit,
101
,
103

Resilience training,
193
,
313
n

Résumé virtues,
274

Reverse Flynn effect,
85

Roberts, Brent,
233

Role models

of growth mindset,
182
–
84

parents as,
214
–
16

of purpose,
162
–
65
,
167

Roosevelt, Teddy,
254

Rushdie, Salman,
96

Sales,
10
–
11

San Francisco 49ers,
202
,
203
,
243

SAT,
3
,
6
,
14
,
28
,
33
,
44
,
227
,
229
,
230
,
232
,
235

Schmidt, Roy,
151
–
52

Schneider, John,
243

Schofield, John,
258

Schofield’s Definition of Discipline,
258

Schultz, Charles,
140

Schwartz, Barry,
102
,
272

Science
,
22

Scott, Alex,
143
,
145

Scripps National Spelling Bee,
12
–
14
,
91
,
131
,
270

performance-improving activities for,
125

practice for,
13
,
117
,
124
–
27
,
135
–
36
,
140

verbal IQ of participants,
13
,
14

Seattle Seahawks,
61
,
243
–
44
,
245
,
251
,
252
,
261
–
68

competition in,
262
–
63
,
265
–
66

finishing strong and,
266

language of,
265

Seaver, Tom,
63
–
64
,
65

Secretaries,
152

“See What’s Possible, and Help Others Do the Same” (Cole),
165

Self-control,
273
,
322
n

Self-fulfilling prophecies,
26
,
170

Self-talk,
175
–
76
,
193
,
310
n

Seligman, Marty,
171
–
75
,
178
, 184

as author’s advisor,
40
–
41

learned helplessness experiments of,
171
–
73
,
188
,
240

optimistic teachers studied by,
176
–
77

Seurat, Georges,
73

Shaw, George Bernard,
257
–
58

Sheldon, Ken,
297
n

Shopify,
218

Shortz, Will,
95
,
96
,
99
,
108
–
10
,
111
–
12
,
115

Silvia, Paul,
113
–
14

Sisu
,
250
–
52
,
253

“Sisu: A Word That Explains Finland”
(Times
article),
251

Skill development,
42
–
44
,
50
–
51

learning curve for,
119

three stages of,
107

Skilling, Jeff,
30
–
31

Smartest Guys in the Room, The
(documentary),
30

Smith, Chantel,
221
,
222

Smith, Will,
46
,
47
,
51

Social multiplier effect,
84
,
263

Society for Research on Adolescence,
212

Spartan Race,
319
n

Special Forces Selection Course,
12

Spectator
magazine,
123

Spellbound
(documentary),
12
–
14

Spelling bees.
See
Scripps National Spelling Bee

Spitz, Mark,
38
,
39

Sports Illustrated
,
268

Stalin, Joseph,
148

Stanford University,
162
,
215
,
222
,
248

Steinberg, Larry,
212
–
13

Stretch goal,
121
–
23

Strivers,
24
,
26
,
31
,
36
,
50
–
51

Summerbridge program,
157
–
59
,
167

Super Bowl,
202
,
243
,
263
–
64

Swarthmore College,
20
,
102

Swimming

culture of,
245
–
47

effort and,
36
–
39

genetics and experience in,
81

optimism and,
175

practice and,
37
,
132
–
33

Talent,
15
–
34
,
35
–
44
,
255

academic success and,
15
–
20

differences in,
31

downside of overemphasizing,
31
,
35
,
269

early literature on,
20
–
23

effort interaction with,
42
–
44
,
51

at Enron,
30
–
31

genetics and experience in,
80
–
81

in Ivy League undergraduates,
14

KIPP view of,
181

McKinsey’s emphasis on,
26
–
30

musical ability and,
23
–
24

mythologizing,
39

Nietzsche on,
39
,
40

skill separated from,
51

spelling and,
14

swimming and,
36
–
39

tests for, imperfection of,
34

updating beliefs on,
192
–
93

in West Point cadets,
9
–
10