Harlem Nocturne (34 page)

South,
32
,
73

    
Primus, Pearl trip to,
54–57
,
63–65

    
racism in,
28

    
Williams, Mary Lou and,
144

“Southern Landscape,”
63

Southern Negro Youth Congress (SNYC),
57–60

“Southland,”
63

Soviet Union,
59
,
62

Spirituality,
10
,
11
,
15
,
140
,
142
,
178
,
185
,
191
,
193–194

Stalin, Joseph,
93–94

Steinbeck, John,
114–115

Stereotyping,
8
,
89
,
96
,
115

Stormy Weather
(film),
42
,
118

Stowe, Harriet Beecher,
115–116

“Strange Fruit,”
45
,
53
,
63–66
,
67
,
77

Stravinksy, Igor,
163

Strayhorn, Billy,
146
,
154

The Street
(Petry),
13
,
81
,
88
,
96–97
,
105
,
107–114
,
128–129
,
170
,
192
,
193

“Study in Nothing,”
67

Sugar Hill, NY,
110
,
133
,
140
,
149

Tamiris, Helen,
137

Tatum, Art,
136
,
163

Taylor, Billy,
164

Teagarden, Jack,
149
,
150fig

That Hill Girl
(Petry),
104
,
129

Thenstead, Adolph,
67

Time
magazine,
48
,
153
,
181

Tolson, Melvin,
114

Toomer, Jean,
55

Town Hall,
14
,
165
,
166

Train, Arthur,
104

Trilling, Lionel,
128

Uncle Tom's Cabin
(Stowe),
116

Unions,
5
,
6
,
8

United States

    
capitalism in,
9

    
culture of,
3

    
democracy in,
3
,
10

    
equality in,
19

    
racism in,
10

Urban Bush Women,
68
,
191

Urban League,
113–114

Urban renewal,
130–131
,
133
,
189

Vaughan, Sarah,
12
,
119

Walker, Alice,
192

Walker, Margaret,
12
,
114

“Walking with Pearl . . . Southern Diaries,”
66–67
,
191

Washington, Booker T.,
83

Washington, Dinah,
12
,
128

Washington, Fredi,
91
,
135
,
136
,
137

Waters, Ethel,
118
,
168

Webster, Ben,
156
,
163
,
166

Weeks, James,
63

Weidman, Charles,
38
,
69

Weingarten, Gray,
154
,
163
,
168
,
178

Welles, Orson,
176

Wells, Ida B.,
27

West Africa,
3
,
16
,
24

White, Charles,
37
,
114

White, Josh,
23
,
45
,
50
,
67
,
74
,
75
,
77
,
94–96
,
137
,
138

White, Walter,
45
,
96

White supremacy,
9
,
28
,
30
,
69
,
70
,
108

Wilder, Austin,
68

Wilkerson, Doxey,
93

Williams, Cootie,
118–119

Williams, Johnny,
147

Williams, Mary Lou,
138
,
141fig
,
150fig
,
158fig

    
aesthetic concerns of,
3
,
7

    
as arranger,
14–15
,
147–148
,
181–182

    
audiences, relationship with of,
42–43
,
50

    
audiences of,
7

    
background of,
2
,
142–147

    
bebop, birth of and,
13
,
159–162

    
birth of,
2

    
Café Society and,
2
,
45
,
139
,
140
,
152–154
,
160

    
career resurgence of,
15–16

    
collaborations of,
2

    
Communist Party and,
10
,
139
–
140

    
as composer,
14–15
,
151–152

    
Davis, Benjamin J., Jr. rally and,
135
,
136
,
139

    
death of,
194

    
democracy and,
3
,
10

    
Double V Campaign and,
5

    
education of,
14–15
,
146

    
Europe, trip to of,
3
,
15
,
184–185

    
gambling and,
171–173

    
Hamilton Terrace apartment of,
148–150
,
160
,
167
,
171

    
Harlem, NY and,
2
,
9
,
168–175
,
189

    
humanitarian efforts of,
151
,
174–175
,
194

    
as intellectual,
3
,
14–15

    
legacy of,
15
,
194–197

    
as mentor to young musicians,
13
,
160

    
nervous breakdown of,
185

    
New York City, NY and,
2
,
12–13
,
17
,
148–152
,
168–169
,
185

    
as pianist,
14–15
,
144
,
145

    
political activism of,
3
,
7
,
9
,
10
,
14
,
139–140
,
175–178

    
Popular Front and,
8

    
Primus, Pearl and,
2
,
50–51
,
67
,
152
,
168

    
radio broadcasting and,
13–14
,
157

    
relationships of,
147
,
148
,
150
,
155–156

    
reputation of,
15

    
segregation and,
175–177

    
significance of,
3
,
11
,
15

    
social issues and,
177–178

    
spirituality of,
10
,
11
,
15
,
140
,
142
,
151
,
178
,
185
,
193–194

    
as teacher,
148

    
writing of,
151–152
,
179–180

    
Zodiac Suite
of,
14
,
50
,
162–168

    
See also
Music

Williams, Serena,
49

Williams College,
84

Wilson, Teddy,
45
,
136
,
138
,
139
,
174
,
181

Winchell, Walter,
74
,
176

Windsor Theater,
42

Wolfe, Jacques,
22

Woll, Yael,
53
,
190

Woodruff, Hale,
114

Works Progress Administration,
104

World War I,
19–20

World War II,
1
,
4
,
5–7
,
11–12
,
19
,
92
,
115

Wren, Elsa,
46

Wright, Richard,
13
,
45
,
84–85
,
113
,
114
,
116
,
127
,
136
,
192

Yergan, Max,
93
,
94

Young Communist League,
60

Zodiac Suite
(Williams),
14
,
50
,
162
–
168

Zola, Émile,
84
,
114

Zollar, Jawole Willa Jo,
66–67
,
76
,
191–192