Hezbollah (42 page)

108.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 7, 2002, p. 1126.

109.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, “VHS Tape Containing Hizballah Parade in Celebration of ‘Jerusalem International Day’ Including Speeches for Nasserallah,” FD-302, 265B-CE-82188, transcribed March 14, 2001.

110.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, May 23, 2002, pp. 74–76, 81, 88.

111.
Kaplan, “Homegrown Terrorists,” 30.

112.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 18, 2002, p. 2217.

113.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 7, 2002, p. 1184.

114.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 5, 2002, pp. 999–1000;
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, “Letter Written in Arabic to Mohamad from Abu Adam dated 2/15/97,” FD-302, 265B-CE-82188, transcribed January 22, 2001.

115.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, “VHS Tape Titled Words for Abbas Mousawy, an Interview with the Prisoners, an Investigative Report about the Martyrdom Operations, Poems,” FD-302, 265B-CE-82188, transcribed March 13, 2001.

116.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, May 23, 2002, pp. 67–68.

117.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, May 23, 2002, p. 35.

118.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, “Letter Written in Arabic to Mohamad (LNU) from Abbas alHaraka,” 265B-CE-82188, transcribed January 23, 2001.

119.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 18, 2002, p. 2196.

120.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, “Letter Written in Arabic to Mohamad (LNU) from Abbas alHaraka.”

121.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 18, 2002, p. 2197.

122.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, “Letter Written in Arabic to Mohamad Hammoud from Sheik Abbas Alaa, Not Dated,” FD-302, 265B-CE-82188, transcribed January 29, 2001.

123.
“Alleged Hezbollah Front Raided in Michigan,” Anti-Defamation League, July 30, 2007.

124.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 5, 2002, pp. 1011–12.

125.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, May 23, 2002, pp. 69, 71.

126.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 12, 2002, pp. 1640–41; Tim Whitmire, “Prosecutors Rest Case against Brothers Linked to Hezbollah,” Associated Press, June 13, 2002.

127.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 18, 2002, p. 2213.

128.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 12, 2002, pp. 1609–12, 1621; Paul Nowell, “Hammoud Threatened Anyone Who Tied Him to Hezbollah,” Associated Press, June 12, 2002.

129.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, May 23, 2002, p. 90.

130.
Burger and Shannon, “Hezbollah Is Moving Up the Threat Chart.”

131.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., Letter from Andy Walcott addressed to “Ken” at the FBI Charlotte office, received February 14, 2001, file no. 265-CE-82188-T.

132.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “United States’ Response to Motion to Suppress/Motion for Sanctions/Motion for Immediate Sealed Hearing,” filed March 21, 2001, unsealed November 11, 2002, p. 4.

133.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “Defendant’s Sealed Reply to Government’s Sealed Response to Defendant’s Sealed Motion in Limine,” Docket No. 3:00 CR 147-1-MU, filed December 28, 2001, unsealed November 6, 2002.

134.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “Defendant Mohamad Hammoud’s Supplement to Sealed Motion in Limine,” Docket No. 3:00 CR 147-1-MU, filed August 8, 2001, unsealed November 6, 2002.

135.
Transcript of conversation between Andy Walcott and Mohamad Hammoud, FBI, recorded February 20, 2001, transcribed March 36, 2001, File No. 265-CE-82188-T.

136.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “United States’ Response to Motion to Suppress/Motion for Sanctions/Motion for Immediate Sealed Hearing,” Docket No. 3:00 CR 147-1-MU, Filed March 21, 2001, Unsealed November 6, 2002.

137.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., Federal Bureau of Investigation FD-302 (Rev.10-6-95), Verbatim transcript of two separate consensually recorded conversations between a cooperating witness (CM) and Mohamad Youssef Hammoud, recorded February 8, 2001, transcribed February 14, 2001, File Number 265B-CE-82188, Docket No. 3:00 CR 147-1-MU, Exhibit Q.

138.
Universal Strategy Group,
Directed Study of Lebanese Hezbollah
, produced for the United States Special Operations Command, Research and Analysis Division, October 2010, 85, 89.

139.
United States of America v. Fawzi Mustapha Assi
, Government’s Sentencing Memorandum, Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division, Criminal No. 98-80695, June 9, 2008.

140.
Ibid.

141.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., FBI 302 interview of Said Mohamad Harb, August 18, 2000, Case No. 265B-CE-82188, p. 9.

142.
United States of America v. Ali Boumelhem
, Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan at Detroit, No. 00-81013, decided and filed August 12, 2003; Ronald J. Hansen, “Lebanese in Metro Detroit on Edge,”
Detroit News
, January 2, 2002.

143.
Federal Court of Canada, In the Matter of Hani Abd Rahim al-Sayegh, and In the Matter of a referral of the Immigration Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-2, Court File: DES-1-97; “Annex ‘E’ – Interview with Mohamad Hussein Al Husseini,” September 23, 1993.

144.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth District; Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Hezbollah Sets Up Operations in South America and the United States,”
The New Yorker
, October 28, 2002.

145.
Bell, “Hizballah Fundraising in the American Heartland.”

146.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 10, 2002, pp. 1487–88.

147.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 12, 2002, pp. 1590–1600.

148.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, June 10, 2002, pp. 1486–87.

149.
Ibid., 1477.

150.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “CSIS Summaries, Redacted Copy, Trial Testimony,” Docket No. 3:00-cr-147, Trial Exhibit 304, p. 58.

151.
Ibid., 35.

152.
“Top Hizbullah Official in South Lebanon Nabil Qaouq: The Resistance Is Using This Period to Train and Strengthen Its Capabilities and Is Preparing for the Great Confrontation,”
Al-Alam TV
(Iran) and
Future TV
(Lebanon), July 26, 2010.

153.
Nada Bakri, “Hezbollah Leader Backs Syrian President in Public,”
New York Times
, December 6, 2011.

154.
Fromme and Schwein, “Operation Smokescreen.”

155.
Diaz and Newman,
Lightning Out of Lebanon
, 165.

156.
Fromme and Schwein, “Operation Smokescreen.”

157.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “CSIS Summaries, Redacted Copy, Trial Testimony,” p. 58.

158.
Fromme and Schwein, “Operation Smokescreen.”

159.
Statement of Robert J. Conrad Jr.,
Assessment of the Tools Needed to Fight the Financing of Terrorism
.

160.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “CSIS Summaries, Redacted Copy, Trial Testimony,” p. 11.

161.
Ibid., 23.

162.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., FBI 302 interview of Said Mohamad Harb, July 21, 2000, Case No. 265B-CE-82188, p. 11.

163.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “CSIS Summaries, Redacted Copy, Trial Testimony,” p. 103.

164.
Ibid., 5

165.
Ibid., 22.

166.
Statement of Robert J. Conrad Jr.,
Assessment of the Tools Needed to Fight the Financing of Terrorism
.

167.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., “CSIS Summaries, Redacted Copy, Trial Testimony,” pp. 42–43.

168.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., FBI 302 interview of Said Mohamad Harb, August 18, 2000, p. 9.

169.
Mark Dubowitz, “Wanted: A War on Terrorist Media,”
Journal of International Security Affairs
17, Fall 2009.

170.
US Department of the Treasury, “U.S. Designates Al-Manar as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Entity; Television Station Is Arm of Hezbollah Terrorist Network,” press release, March 23, 2006.

171.
United States of America vs. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud et al
., Opening statement of Assistant US Attorney Kenneth Bell, May 23, 2002, p. 33.

172.
Stewart Bell, “Canada May Be Terror Target,”
National Post
(Canada), July 23, 2009.

173.
Rudner, “Hizbullah: An Organizational and Operational Profile,” 239.

174.
“Canada Expels 4th Iraqi Diplomat,”
Vancouver Sun
, January 23, 1991.

175.
Bill Gladstone, “Ex-official: Hezbollah Network of Operatives Active in Canada,”
Jewish Telegraphic Agency
, April 9, 1997.

176.
Canada, Integrated Threat Assessment Centre (ITAC), “Hizballah: Capability to Conduct Terrorist Attacks, But No Intent,” ITAC Intelligence Assessment, July 19, 2006.

177.
Canada, Integrated Threat Assessment Centre (ITAC), “Evacuation of Canadians from Lebanon,” ITAC Intelligence Assessment, July 21, 2006.

178.
Author interview, Canadian intelligence, law enforcement, and policy officials, Ottawa, Canada, January 12, 2010.

179.
Author interview, Canadian intelligence officials, Ottawa, Canada, January 12, 2010.

180.
Author interview, Canadian analyst and community activist, Montreal, Canada, March 16, 2010.

181.
Canada, Integrated Threat Assessment Centre (ITAC), “Hizballah Leader Threatens Israeli Interests Abroad,” ITAC Threat Assessment, February 15, 2008.

182.
Canada, Integrated Threat Assessment Centre (ITAC), “Hizballah’s ‘Open War’: Implications for Canada,” ITAC Intelligence Assessment, March 6, 2008.

183.
Richard Esposito and Brian Ross, “Hezbollah Poised to Strike,”
ABC News
, June 19, 2008.

184.
Author interview, Canadian intelligence officials, Ottawa, Canada, January 12, 2010.

185.
Author interview, Washington, DC, February 26, 2010.

186.
Stewart Bell, “Hezbollah Cell Smashed as FBI Hits Arms Trade,”
National Post
(Canada), November 25, 2009.

187.
“Canadian Jewish Congress Exposes Incitement to Hatred and Violence at Pro-Hamas Rallies,” Canadian Jewish Congress, accessed on YouTube June 30, 2010.

188.
Author interview, Canadian intelligence officials, Ottawa, Canada, January 12, 2010.

189.
Stewart Bell, “Bulgaria Bus Bombing Suspect had Real Canadian Passport, Lived in B.C. before Return to Lebanon at Age 12,”
National Post
(Canada), February 6, 2013.

190.
Author interview, Canadian intelligence officials, Ottawa, Canada, March 15, 2010; US Department of Justice, FBI, “International Radical Fundamentalism.”

IT WAS JUNE 25, 1996
,
Brig. Gen. Terryl J. Schwalier’s last day commanding US troops stationed in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The 4404th Wing of the US Air Force was a critical component of the coalition’s enforcement of the no-fly and no-drive zones south of the 32nd parallel in southern Iraq under Operation Southern Watch following the 1991 Gulf War. General Schwalier had already packed his bags before venturing into Dhahran that evening for a dinner of Saudi-style Mexican food with Maj. Gen. Kurt B. Anderson, commander of Joint Task Force–Southwest Asia. General Anderson was visiting the Khobar Towers military housing complex to attend the change-of-command ceremony scheduled for the following day. Built by the Saudis in 1979, the Khobar complex was barely used until coalition forces operating in the Dhahran area first took up residence there during the Gulf War in 1990. By 9
PM
, as the muezzin called the faithful to prayer just outside the compound, Gen. Schwalier was back at his desk writing a note for the man who would replace him.
¹