Hitler's Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State (57 page)

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Authors: Götz Aly

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RFM (Breyhan), Gehalts- und Lohntransfer der in Deutschland beschäftigten ausländischen Angestellten und Arbeiter [Wage Payment Transfer of Foreign Workers Employed in Germany] (1941-1943), May 1944, BA R 2/30909. The table in this document does not include foreign workers and forced laborers, but it does indicate a general rise.
21.
Wirtschaftliches Merkblatt (zur Unterrichtung der Truppe) [Economic Circular (on the Education of the Troops)], May 20, 1942, BA-MA RW 7/171 la, pp. 241-42.
22.
Buchheim, “Länder”; Gerlach, Morde, pp. 240ff.
23.
RKK administrative council, June 10, 1941, BA R 29/1, pp. 208-14.
24.
RKK administrative council to RFM (Bayrhoffer), BA R 29/1, pp. 195-96.
25.
RKK administrative council to RFM, Aug. 20 and 29, 1941, BA R 29/2, pp. 52, 62; Oertel, “Reichsbank,” p. 187.
 
26.
RWM, Wirtschaftsstab Ost [Eastern Economics Staff], Aug. 28, 1941, BA R 29/2, pp. 68-69.
27.
RKK administrative council, June 10, 1941, BA R 29/1, pp. 208-14.
28.
RFM (Bussmann), June 16, 194 L, on the conference of June 10 and the notation (Reichsbank director Winter) of June 9 about a conversation with Schlotterer, BA R 2/14588, pp. 119ff.
29.
RKK administrative council, Dec. 16, 1941, BA R 29/3, pp. 18-23; RB, Bern-huber to Wilhelm, Oct. 20, 1941, BA-DA ZA Z-E 10237, vol. 1, p. 315; Schwerin von Krosigk, Feb. 17, 1942, BA R 2/30915.
30.
RKK administrative council, May 14, 1942, BA R 29/3, pp. 180-82.
31.
RKK administrative council, Aug. 15, 1942, BA R 29/4, pp. 120-23.
32.
Frank to Schwerin von Krosigk and vice versa, July 1942, BA R 2/14588, Bl. 175ff.; Oertel, “Reichsbank,” p. 175.
 
33.
RKK administrative council, March 3, 1941, BA R 29/1, pp. 104-08.
 
34.
Schwerin von Krosigk to Frank, April 16, 1940, Frank to Schwerin von Krosigk, May 31, 1940, RFM (Bussmann) to Central Bank, Cracow, July 25, 1940, BA R 2/5102, pp. 95ff., 122, 136.
35.
“Eine Notenbank für die Ukraine,” Bank-Archiv (1942), pp. 123-24.
36.
RFM (Eckhardt), Umtausch von Rubeln in Karbowane [Conversion from Rubles to Karbowanez], April 30, 1942, BA R 2/14591, p. 96. (This file is concerned with the founding and operational procedure of the ZNU.)
37.
Wehrmachtkosten in der Ukraine, R 2/30586; RKK administrative council, Feb. 27, 1943, BA R 2/13502, p. 112.
38.
RKU, Hauptabteilung Finanzen [Main Division Finances], Feb. 16, 1943, BA R 2/30585.
 
39.
Verwaltungsbericht [Administrative Report] der ZNU für 1942, p. 3, ibid.
40.
Göring to Backe, Nov. 29, 1938, NG-235.
41.
Reichsministerium für die Ernährung and Landwirtschaft [Reich Ministry for Food and Agriculture] (Moritz), Getreidelagerräume, Oct. 28, 1938, BA R 2/18157.
42.
Sworn testimony by Kurt Kozuszek, Feb. 25, 1947, NA RG 238/case XI/F34, microfilm 211-14 (NID-14478).
43.
De Beauvoir to J.-L. Bost, Aug. 28, 1939, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, July 3, 2004.
44.
Göring, Aug. 6, 1942, IMG, vol. 39, p. 385.
45.
Wirtschaftspol. RL f.d. Wirtschaftsorg. Ost, Gr. Landwirt., May 23, 1941, IMG, vol. 36, pp. 135-57.
46.
Gerlach, Morde, p. 258.
47.
All quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are from Aly and Heim, Vor-denker, pp. 381-83.
48.
Wehrmacht (exhibition catalog), p. 311.
49.
Ibid., quoted in Aly, Rasse, p. 132.
50.
OKW, Rücksendung eigener Winterbekleidung durch die im Osten einge-setzten Truppen [Return of Winter Clothing by Troops Deployed in the East], April 30, 1942, LArch, Berlin, A Rep. 92/105, p. 110.
51.
OFP, Hamburg, to RFM, June 5, 1942, BA R 2/58094, pp. 486-87.
52.
RMfdbO to OKW, Dec. 9, 1942, BA R 2/30585.
53.
RFM, Haushalt [Budget] der Ukraine für 1942, BA R 2/30585; on the difficulties with package operations, see Goebbels’s diary, Oct. 1942.
54.
Göring, Aug. 6, 1942, IMG, vol. 39, pp. 385-86.
55.
Benzler (Belgrade) to Foreign Office, Berlin, Sept. 13, 1942, NA T 120/1174, microfilm 70ff.
56.
Discussions, Backe/Bonnafous, March 1, 1943, statistics on German demands, 1943-44, SAEF B 49478/1; MBiF, July 19, 1944. On the exchange of goods between Germany and France, SAEF B 57046 (Rapports alle-mands).
57.
Conference in Rowno (von Engelbrechten, chair), Aug. 26-28, 1942, NA 242/24, p. 13 (DW files, Foreign Office).
58.
Conference (Backe), June 23, 1942, in Gerlach, Krieg, p. 192.
 
59.
Ibid., p. 220.
60.
Witte, “Funkspruch.”
61.
Gerlach, Morde, pp. 796-813.
62.
Goebbels’s diary, Oct. 5 and 15, 1942; Boberach, Meldungen, p. 4309; Boelcke, Kosten, p. 288.
63.
RFM, Bedeutung der besetzten Ostgebiete nach der deutsche Ein- und Ausfuhrstatistik [Significance of Occupied Eastern Territories for German Import and Export Statistics] (Ostbilanz), July 30, 1943, BA R 2/30675. For annual calculations involving food, a year was measured as the period between harvests. Grain statistics include animal feed. Oils and margarine also include oil seed.
64.
Statistisches Handbuch, pp. 124ff., 231.
65.
Finanz- und Wirtschaftsstatistische Zahlen (Geheim) [Financial and Economic Statistical Figures (Secret)], May 31, 1944, BA R 2/24250.
 
66.
Aly and Heim, Vordenker, p. 372.
 
67.
Letter by an employee of the I.
G.
Farben factory in Premnitz to his director, June 14, 1942, in Kundrus, Kriegerfrauen, pp. 318-19.
68.
Wette, Jahr, pp.241ff.
 
69.
Burkert, Tage, p. 47.
PART III: THE DISPOSSESSION OF THE JEWS
 
Chapter 7: Larceny as a State Principle
1.
“Für Juden nur ein Konto. Massnahmen zur Sicherung des jüdischen Ver-mögens,” Krakauer Zeitung, Nov. 26-27, 1939.
2.
“Tätigkeit der Treuhandstelle für das Generalgouvernement,” Die Ost-wirtschaft, no. 1 (1941), BA R 2/5100, p. 8.
3.
Finance division of the GG (Spindler) to Department of the Interior, Jan. 15, 1941, BAR2/5100, p. 5.
4.
Plodeck to Frank, Jan. 19, 1942, Frank’s diary, pp. 74ff.
5.
Finance division of the GG (Spindler) to directors of other main divisions, April 24, 1941, AAN Reg. GG/574, pp. 22, 33; Spindler, Jan. 15, 1941, AAN Reg. GG/1257, p. 1; Treuhänderisch verwaltete Vermögensobjekte [Trustee-managed Assets] (Plodeck), Aug. 3, 1940, ibid., pp. 21ff.; Treuhandstelle GG, general director no. 11 (Plodeck), Nov. 8, 1940, ibid., pp. 17ff., 86; Einzelfälle, ibid., Reg. GG/1255.
6.
RFM (Litter) to Foreign Office, Berlin, Oct. 7, 1942, PA AA R 111208.
7.
Reichsbank economics division, Besatzungskosten in den nord- und westeuropäischen Gebieten [Occupation Costs in the Northern and Western European Territories], Aug. 26, 1941, BA R 29/2, pp. 71-77.
8.
RKK administrative council, Oct. 16, 1941, BA R 29/2, pp. 199-203.
9.
Progress report no. 3 of intendant WBB/NF (April 1-June 30, 1941), BA-MA RW 36/121, p. 97.
10.
RFM (Eckardt), Besatzungskosten in Belgien [Occupation Costs in Belgium], May 16, 1941, BA R 2/274, pp. 89ff., 109ff.
11.
Bernhuber to Orgera, Nov. 23, 1944, ASBI, Archivo Azzolini, Ufficio speziale di coordinamento, corr. Bernhuber e Nehlsen, 520010263; ASBI, Vigilanza sulle aziende di credito 669/1/1, p. 26.
12.
Aalders, Geraubt, p. 182.
13.
Übersicht über Massnahmen gegen Juden in den besetzten Gebieten [Survey of the Measures against Jews in the Occupied Territories] (Rademacher), May 23, 1942, PA AA R 103285, p. 1. An appendix of September 17, 1942, to the investigative report of the General Auditor’s Office suggests that the ghettoizing and murder of Serbian Jews cost 33, 500, 000 dinars, BA R 26/VI/602, p. 23; Bericht über die Verwaltung des Judenvermögens in Serbien [Report on the Management of Jewish Assets in Serbia] (Gurski), Dec. 1, 1944, BA R 26/VI/470, p. 51.
14.
BA R 26/VI/470, p. 51, and RH (Müller) to GBW, Verwaltung des Judenvermögens [Management of Jewish Assets], June 3, 1942, BA R 26/VI/602, pp. 2-9.
/div>
15.
Notation (Rademacher), PA AA, Pol. Abteilung Judenfragen 36/1 (Serbien) [Political Division for Jewish Questions 36/1 (Serbia)], pp. 629-32.
16.
Schlussbericht der Kommissarischen Verwaltung des jüdischen Haus- und Grundbesitzes [Final Report of the Administrative Commission for Jewish Real Estate and Property], June 22, 1943, BA R 26/VI/359, p. 87.
17.
GBW (Gurski) to RH, Sept. 8, 1942, BA R 26/VI/602, pp. 12-20.
18.
RFM (Breyhan), May 22, 1942, BA R 2/30132.
19.
Trade division of the Foreign Office (Pamperrien), June 20, 1942, PA AA R 111255. The meeting also touched on liquid Jewish assets, RFM (Breyhan), July 1, 1942, BAR2/330, p. 33.
20.
Treuhandverwaltung und Judenvermögen [Escrow Account Administration and Jewish Assets], March 23, 1945, pp. 14-15, BA F 627 P.
21.
Four-Year Plan (Gramsch) to Foreign Office, Berlin, June 20, 1942, BA F 627 P.
22.
Gurski report, Dec. 1, 1944, BA R 26/VI/470, pp. 51-52.
23.
Foreign Office agent with military command in Serbia to Foreign Office, Berlin, Sept. 13, 1941; see also Nov. 5, 1942, PA AA R 111208.
 
24.
Gurski, Oct. 16, 1944, BA R 26/VI/470, p. 68; Gurski to Gramsch (Four-Year Plan), April 30, 1943, ibid., vol. 364, pp. 345-57; Schlarp, Wirtschaft, pp. 294-95. The actual profit would have been less; see Schlarp, Wirtschaft, pp. 297ff. Gotthardt’s report (RWM), of Jan. 15, 1944, BA R 2/14553, pp. 204-06, shows how inflation and occupation costs developed in Germany; the Finance Ministry (Breyhan) estimated Jewish assets in Serbia as totaling 150 million reichsmarks (or 3 billion dinars), May 22, 1942, BA R 2/30132.
25.
Schlarp, Wirtschaft, p. 302.
26.
Woermann (Foreign Office) to von Rintelen (Foreign Office), Lage in Serbien [Situation in Serbia], Sept. 24, 1942, based on a telegram from Benzler (Belgrade), Sept. 19, 1942, NA T 120/1174, microfilm 093ff.
27.
For the details, see Gerlach and Aly, Kapitel.
28.
Institut fur Zeitgeschichte, Munich, report (Fauck), Nov. 28, 1960, LArch, Berlin, B Rep. 039-01, pp. 17ff.
29.
Gerlach and Aly, Kapitel, pp. 227-28; RFM (Patzer) to Reich protector, Prague, July 8, 1942, LArch, Berlin, B Rep. 039-01/313, pp. 232-33.
30.
Deutsche Bundesbank to Landgericht [local crt], Berlin, Feb. 11, 1963, LArch, Berlin, B Rep. 039-01/313, p. 169.
31.
Protocol (von Jüterbog) “über Versorgung der Truppen und Dienststellen der Deutschen Wehrmacht in Ungarn,” BA-MA RW 7/171 lb, pp. 40-47.
32.
Schwerin von Krosigk to Keitel, April 4, 1944, BA R 2/14553, pp. 107-08.
33.
Discussion (Belatiny and Scheffler), April 29, 1944, MOL Z 9 (Hungarian National Bank, secret presidential writings), box 39. Such, at least, is the picture I was able to put together from documents at the Hungarian State Archive before January 2004, when an official there prohibited me from continuing my line of inquiry. Fortunately, other sources provide a sketch of how the story continued.
34.
RWM, Division III (Schlotterer, director), May 23, 1944, and minutes (Schomaker), May 31, 1944, Gerlach and Aly, Kapitel, p. 230.
35.
RWM (Schomaker), military commander for Hungary, June 13, 1944, NA T 71/59, microfilm 237-40.

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