Imperial Requiem: Four Royal Women and the Fall of the Age of Empires (100 page)

88. Massie,
Dreadnought
, p. 296.

89. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 89.

90. Diary entry of May, Duchess of York, January 22, 1901, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 347.

91. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 104.

92. Hough,
Born Royal
, p. 27.

93. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 75.

8: The Weight of the World

1. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 111.

2. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 110.

3. May, Duchess of York, to Hélène Bricka, January 26, 1901, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 348.

4. May, Duchess of York, to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, February 3, 1901, in ibid.

5. Arthur Balfour, First Earl of Balfour, to King Edward VII, February 6, 1901, in
King George V: His Life and Reign
(London: Constable, 1952), Harold Nicolson, pp. 67–68.

6. Hough,
Born Royal
, p. 30.

7. George, Duke of York, to Queen Alexandra, undated, 1901, in
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, Clay, p. 210.

8. M. C. Carey,
Princess Mary
(London: Nisbet, 1922), pp. 15–16.

9. John C. G. Röhl,
Kaiser Wilhelm II: New Interpretations—The Corfu Papers
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 98.

10. Hull,
Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 26.

11. Röhl,
Wilhelm II
, p. 623.

12. Schwering,
Berlin Court Under William II
, p. 61.

13. Röhl,
Wilhelm II
, p. 626.

14. Giles MacDonogh,
The Last Kaiser: William the Impetuous
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000), p. 252.

15. Schwering,
Berlin Court Under William II
, p. 62.

16. Röhl,
Wilhelm II
, p. 639.

17. MacDonogh,
The Last Kaiser
, p. 252.

18. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 186.

19. MacDonogh,
The Last Kaiser
, p. 256.

20. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 126.

21. New York Times
, March 25, 1905.

22. Gelardi,
In Triumph’s Wake
, p. 337.

23. Diary entry of Grand Duchess Xenia, June 5, 1901, in
Lifelong Passion
, Maylunas and Mironenko, p. 206.

24. Daily Mail
, June 19, 1901.

25. Gill,
We Two
, p. 289.

26. Georgina Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
(London: Constable, 1969), p. 254.

27. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 145.

28. Grand Duchess Marie of Russia,
Education of a Princess: A Memoir
(New York: Viking Press, 1931), p. 56.

29. George, Prince of Wales, to Tsar Nicholas II, December 21, 1901, in
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, Carter, p. 198.

30. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, pp. 174–175.

31. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 127.

32. Hall,
Little Mother of Russia
, p. 192.

33. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 209.

34. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 117.

35. Woodward,
Queen Mary
, p. 139.

36. Duff,
Queen Mary
, pp. 117–118.

37. Woodward,
Queen Mary
, p. 142.

38. Joseph Pope,
The Tour of Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York Through the Dominion of Canada in the Year 1901
(Ottawa: S. E. Dawson, 1908), p. 64.

39. Ibid., pp. 73–74.

40. George, Duke of York, to Queen Alexandra, undated, 1901, GV/PRIV/AA 36/53, King George V Papers, the Royal Archives, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, pp. 362–363.

41. Pope,
The Tour of Their Royal Highnesses
, p. 80.

42. Clay,
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, p. 210.

43. Royal address of George, Duke of York, November 3, 1901, in
The King to His People: Being the Speeches and Messages of His Majesty George V as Prince and Sovereign
(London: Williams & Norgate, 1911), King George V of Great Britain, p. 79.

44. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 196.

45. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 120.

46. Clay,
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, p. 207.

47. The calculation is based on
http://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/exchange/result_exchange.php
(viewed on April 14, 2011).

48. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 1.

49. James and Joanna Bogle,
A Heart for Europe: The Lives of Emperor Charles and Empress Zita of Austria-Hungary
(London: Gracewing, 1990), p. 32.

50. Robert George,
Heirs of Tradition: Tributes of a New Zealander
(Manchester, NH: Ayer Publishing, 1971), p. 201.

51. Ibid., p. 202.

52. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 94.

53. Ibid.

54. Paul Vassili,
Confessions of the Czarina
(New York: Harper & Bros., 1918), p. 52.

55. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 103.

56. Ibid., p. 270.

57. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 293.

58. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 66.

59. Kurth,
Tsar
, p. 54.

60. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 158.

61. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 182.

62. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 107.

63. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 159.

64. Mouchanow,
My Empress
, p. 155.

65. Diary entry of Tsar Nicholas II, July 30, 1904, in
A Lifelong Passion
, Maylunas and Mironenko, p. 243.

66. Rappaport,
Last Days of the Romanovs
, p. 88.

67. Diary entry of Tsar Nicholas II, September 8, 1904, in
Black Night, White Snow: Russia’s Revolutions 1905–1917
(New York: Doubleday, 1977), Harrison E. Salisbury, p. 110.

68. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 161.

9: A Mother’s Heart

1. German Crown Prince,
Memoirs
, p. 68.

2. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 167.

3. Brook-Shepherd,
Royal Sunset
, p. 204.

4. Charles Hardinge,
Old Diplomacy
(London: John Murray, 1947), p. 114.

5. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 187.

6. Buxhoeveden,
Alexandra Feodorovna
, p. 109.

7. Kurth,
Tsar
, pp. 81-82.

8. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 188.

9. Ibid., p. 190.

10. Edward Crankshaw,
Shadow of the Winter Palace: Russia’s Drift to Revolution, 1825–1917
(New York: Viking Press, 1976), p. 329.

11. Tsar Nicholas II to Emperor Wilhelm II, October 20, 1904, in
The Willy-Nicky Correspondence: Being the Secret and Intimate Telegrams Exchanged Between the Kaiser and the Tsar
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1918), ed. Herman Bernstein, p. 67.

12. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 116.

13. Brook-Shepherd,
Royal Sunset
, p. 202.

14. Ian Vorres,
The Last Grand Duchess: Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrova
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1965), p. 113.

15. Schwering,
Berlin Court Under William II
, pp. 55–56.

16. Ibid., p. 57.

17. Eppinghoven,
Private Lives
, vol. 2, p. 335.

18. Cunliffe-Owen,
Imperator et Rex
, p. 257.

19. Schwering,
Berlin Court Under William II
, p. 55.

20. Cecil,
Wilhelm II
, p. 5.

21. Ernst von Heltzendorff and William Le Queux,
The Secrets of Potsdam: A Startling Exposure of the Inner Life of the Courts of the Kaiser and Crown-Prince
(London: London Mail, n.d.), p. 174.