India: A History. Revised and Updated (126 page)

Prinsep, James, antiquarian,
87
–9,
136

Prithviraj III, 12th c Chahamana ruler of Ajmer,
233
–8,
241

Ptolemy, Egyptian geographer,
121

Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu,
xxvii
Pulakesin I, founder of Chalukya dynasty,
168

Pulakesin II, 7th c Chalukya king,
168
–70,
172

Pundra, Bengal,
165

Pune (Poona), Maharashtra,
86
,
338
,
352
,
354
,
368
,
402
,
405
–6,
409
,
412
,
461

Purana Qila, Delhi,
301

Puranas
, ancient Sanskrit texts dealing with genealogies & traditions,
3
,
38
–9,
42
,
46
,
79
,
89
,
135
,
148
,
152

Purandhar, Treaty of (1665),
353

Puri, Orissa,
213
,
219
,
271

Purushpura (Peshawar), iii

Pushyamitra of Malwa, 5th c opponent of Guptas,
143

Pushyamitra,
2
nd c
BC
, founder of Shunga dynasty,
105
Quetta, Baluchistan,
181

Quilon, Kerala,
276

Quit India Movement of 1942,
498
–9,
504

Qutb Minar, Delhi,
142
,
240
–1

Qutb-ud-din Aybak, first Delhi sultan,
240
,
244

Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque, Delhi,
240
–1,
259

Radcliffe, Sir Cyril, judge,
507
–8

Rae Bareli, UP
552
,
574
,
583

Raffles, Thomas Stamford, Lieut-Governor of Java,
415

Raghu, King of Ayodhya,
152
,
170

Raghunath Rao, 18th c Maratha peshwa,
403
,
405
–6,
408

Rai Dynasty of Sind,
182

Rai, Lala Lajpat,
Arya Samaj
leader,
467

Raichur Doab, between Kistna & Tungabhadra Rivers in Andhra Pradesh,
283
,
303

Rajanya
, clan leadership,
32
,
35
,
36
,
52

Rajaraja I, 10th c Chola king,
215
–9,
220
,
222

Rajaram, 17th c Maratha ruler,
356
,
357

Rajasthan,
130
,
131
,
137
,
169
,
196
–7,
231
–4,
233
,
238
,
270
,
287
,
295
,
313
–5,
345
–6,
360
,
411

Rajasuya
, royal consecration ritual,
46

Rajendra I, 11th c Chola king,
214
,
216
–23

Rajgir (Rajagriha), Bihar,
51
,
62
,
64
,
66
,
67

rajputs,
53
,
196
–7,
206
,
227
–30,
231
–4,
237
–8,
256
–7,
284
,
295
,
313
–5,
329
–30,
345
–6,
360
,
408
,
413

Rajya-Sri, sister of Harsha, queen of Maukharis,
162
–4

Rajya-vardhana, brother of Harsha,
162

Ralph, Mr, explorer of Ajanta,
149
–50

Rant Lila see Ramayana

Rama Raja, 17th c Vijayanagar king,
307

Rama, King of Ayodhya,
xxvii
,
39
,
44
,
45
,
46
,
102
,
597
–8

Rama-Chandra, 13–14th c Seuna king of Devagiri,
254
–5,
257

Rama-Gupta, 4th c Gupta king,
141

Rama-rajya
(
Ram-raj
), the utopian government of Rama,
46

Ramayana
, Sanskrit epic,
xxvii
,
2
,
37
–8,
44
–7,
60
,
597
–8

Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of Panjab,
410
–11,
418
–9,
420
–3,
424

Ranoji Scindia, 18th c Maratha leader,
368

Ranthambor, Rajasthan,
239
,
256

Rao, P.V. Narasimha, Prime Minister,
603

Rao, S.R., archaeologist,
9

Rashtrakutas, 8–10th c Deccan dynasty,
xxviii
,
157
,
190
–2,
196
,
199
–201,
202
,
215

Rastriya Janata Party (RSP) 604

Rastriya Swyamsevak Sangh (RSS) 524–5,
598

Rathors, rajput lineage of Marwar,
345

Ratnagar, Shireen, historian,
17

Ratuins
, ‘jewels’ or ministers of early kings,
55

Ratri, Vedic deity,
30

Ravi River,
73

Ravikirti, poet,
169

Rawalpindi, Panjab,
523
,
540
,
583

Ray, Hemachandra, historian,
155
,
233

Raychaudhuri, Tapan, historian,
324
,
325

Raziya, 13th c Delhi Sultan (ess),
245
–7

Reinaud, M., French historian,
109

Rewari, Rajasthan,
508

Rig Veda
, the earliest & most revered collection of Vedas,
23
,
25
,
26
,
29
,
31
,
32
,
35
,
53

Ripon, Lord, Viceroy,
455
–6

Risis
(
rishis
), ‘seers’,
52

Roe, Sir Thomas, English Ambassador in 17th c,
326
,
329
,
333
,
370

Rohilkand, district in NW Uttar Pradesh,
393

Rome, contacts with India,
104
,
111
,
117
,
121
–3,
124
–5,
126

Round Table Conference (1930–1),
488
,
489
–90

Rowlatt Bills (1918–19),
474

Rudra, Vedic deity,
142

Rudrabhuti, brahman,
159

Rudradaman,
2
nd c Western Satrap (Shaka),
130
–3,
144

Rudrasena II, 4th c Vakataka king,
142

Rupmati, rajput princess beloved of Baz Bahadur,
311
–12

Russia,
417
–9,
457
,
463
,
see also
USSR

Russo-Japanese War (1905),
466

Sabuktigin, 9th c Sultan of Ghazni,
204
–5,
206

Sacrifice,
29
–34,
46

Sailendra, Javanese dynasty,
177

Saiyyid Husain Ali Khan, one of the Saiyyid brothers,
364
–6,
367

Saiyyids, king-making brothers in early 17th c,
274

Sakyas, tribe & territory to which the Buddha belonged,
48
,
64
,
66

Salbai, Anglo-Maratha treaty (1782),
406
,
408

Salim
see
Jahangir

Salsette, Maharashtra,
405

Salt,
486
–7

Samarkand, Uzbekistan,
291
,
296
,
316

Samatasimha, Guhila rajput ruler of Mewar,
237

Samgramaraja, 11th c king of Kashmir,
211
,
212

Samrat
, over-lord, ‘emperor’,
139

Samudra-Gupta, 4th c Gupta emperor,
134
,
136
–41,
146
,
151
,
152

San Tomé, Portuguese settlement in Madras,
332

Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh,
xx
,
87
,
90
,
102
,
108
,
141
,
169
,
254

Sangam, ‘assembly’ of Tamil poets & collections of their verses,
119
–20

Sangha, Rana, 16th c rajput ruler of Mewar,
292
,
295
–6

Sangha
, the Buddhist monastic community,
65
,
99
,
115
,
166
,
194

Sangharama
, a Buddhist monastery,
182

Sanjaya, Javanese dynasty,
177

Sankara, 9th c philosopher & theologian,
194
–5

Sanskrit, language,
xxvi
–xxvii,
2
,
19
–21,
24
–5,
28
,
57
,
61
,
103
,
120
–1,
132
–3,
149
,
151
–4,
157
,
161
,
431

Saraswati River,
26

Sardeshmukh
, Maratha leader’s claim to 10% of revenue,
357
,
366

Sargon the Great, Sumerian king,
16

Sarnath, Varanasi,
65
,
151

Sasana
, charters or grants recorded in stone or on copper plates,
156
–7,
160
,
164
,
171
,
187
,
191

Sasanka, 7th c king of Gauda,
162
,
163
,
165

Sasaram, Uttar Pradesh,
301
–2

Sastri, Prof Nilakantha, historian,
221

Satapatha Brahmana,
one of the Brahmana texts,
2
,
40

Satara, Maharashtra,
357
,
413
,
433

Sati
, the cremation of a widow on the death of her husband,
429

Satiyaputras, South Indian people or tribe,
119

Satlej River,
410
–11,
423

Satyagraha
, Gandhian ‘truth force’ or passive resistance,
471
,
475
,
477
,
487

Saudi Arabia,
566
,
587
–8

Saurshtra, Gujarat,
111
,
129
,
157
,
209
,
287
,
512

Savarkar, V.D., revolutionary nationalist,
468

Science,
33
,
131
,
153
–4,
188
,
228

Scripts: 336: Aramaic,
60

Ashoka Brahmi,
6
,
87
–8,
104
,
120
,
121
,
129
–30;

Gupta Brahmi,
136
–8,
152

Harappan,
6
,
13
,
16

Kharosthi,
96
,
104

South-East Asian,
124
,
152

Sculpture: Buddhist,
103
,
104
,
112
,
114
,
117
,
125
,
147
,
194

Gupta,
141
,
148
,
150
–1,
176

Harappan,
14
–15,
16

Hindu,
200
–1;

Mauryan,
88

Seleucus Nikator, Alexander the Great’s successor in his eastern conquests,
84
,
106