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Chapter 3: Using Reflexive Forms and the Imperative Mood

Reflecting on Reflexive Verbs

Pairing reflexive pronouns with reflexive verbs

Using reflexive verbs throughout the day

Altering the position of reflexive pronouns

Giving and taking with the reciprocal form

Using the impersonal si

Giving a Commanding Performance with the Imperative

Constructing commands (of the tu, noi, and voi variety)

Dealing with irregular imperatives for tu, noi, and voi

Commanding politely: Forming the Lei and Loro forms of the imperative

Adding pronouns to imperatives

Checking out commonly used commands

Chapter 4: Declaring Your Likes (And Dislikes) with Piacere

Understanding How to Use Piacere

Working with indirect object pronouns

Conjugating piacere in the present tense

Combining piacere with indirect object pronouns

Using piacere as a noun

Expressing Likes (And Dislikes) in Any Tense

Conjugating piacere and dispiacere in the subjunctive and past absolute

Checking out more conjugations for piacere and dispiacere

Looking at Other Verbs that Work Backward

Verbs that carry the indirect object in their constructions

The verb mancare

Chapter 5: The Future Tense and the Conditional Mood

Focusing on the Future

Forming the regular future tense

Spelling out -are exceptions in the future tense

Working with irregular roots

Talking about the future with some handy expressions

Could-ing and Would-ing: The Conditional Mood

Covering the uses of the conditional

Forming the regular conditional

Creating the irregular conditional

Using dovere, potere, and volere in the conditional

Chapter 6: Getting into the Subjunctive Mood

Forming the Present Subjunctive Mood

Mastering the Present Subjunctive

Spelling exceptions

Irregular forms

Making the Present Subjunctive a Valuable Tool

Expressing desires, wishes, commands, emotions, doubts, and beliefs

Working with impersonal expressions

Handling conjunctions and words that end in -unque

Checking out a few other uses of the present subjunctive

Understanding the Imperfect Subjunctive

Conjugating the imperfect subjunctive

Forming the imperfect subjunctive to express doubts, desires, and wants

Getting a grip on irregular imperfect subjunctives

Book V: Building Compound Tenses

Chapter 1: Been There, Done That: Talking in the Past Tense

Forming the Present Perfect Tense

Past participles

Auxiliary verbs: Avere and essere

Over and Done with: The Past Absolute

Once Upon a Time: The Imperfect Tense

Forming the imperfect

Perfecting the use of the imperfect

Adding Nuance to Meaning with Verb Tense

Chapter 2: Reflexive Verbs in the Past

Forming the Present Perfect of Reflexive Verbs

Using Reciprocal Verbs in the Present Perfect

Forming the Imperfect of Reflexive Verbs

Checking Out Reciprocal Verbs in the Imperfect

Picking the Present Perfect or the Imperfect for Reflexive Verbs

Recognizing Reciprocal Verbs in the Past Absolute

Chapter 3: Second-Guessing Actions with the Past Conditional and Past Perfect

Forming the Past Conditional

Using the Past Conditional to Play “Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda”

Expressing Responsibilities, Desires, and Abilities in the Past Conditional

Forming and Implementing the Past Perfect Tense

Chapter 4: I Hope That You've Had Fun! The Subjunctive Mood in the Past

Forming the Past Subjunctive

Composing the Past Perfect Subjunctive

Sequencing Your Tenses in the Subjunctive

Chapter 5: “If” Clauses, the Impersonal, and the Passive

Hypothetically Speaking: “If” Clauses throughout the Tenses

Expressing conditions within the realm of reality

Examining hypothetical constructions of probability and possibility

What-iffing the impossible

Come se: In a category of its own

Putting a Personal Touch on the Impersonal and the Passive

Forming the impersonal in the present

Applying the impersonal in other tenses

Getting proactive about the passive voice

Chapter 6: Progressing through Gerunds in Italian

Forming Gerunds in the Present Tense

Working with Irregular Gerund Forms

Creating Gerunds in the Past Tense

Putting Gerunds in the Present Progressive

What Were You Thinking? The Imperfect Progressive

Book VI: Appendixes

Appendix A: Verb Tables

Appendix B: Italian-English Mini-Dictionary

Appendix C: English-Italian Mini-Dictionary

Appendix D: Fun & Games

Book I, Chapter 1: Exploring Pronunciations and Italian You May Already Know

Book I, Chapter 2: Dealing with Numbers, Dates, and Time

Book I, Chapter 3: Buongiorno! Salutations!

Book I, Chapter 4: Making Small Talk

Book I, Chapter 5: Casa Dolce Casa: Home Sweet Home

Book I, Chapter 6: Using the Phone and Talking Business

Book I, Chapter 7: Food, Glorious Food, and Drink

Book I, Chapter 8: Shopping, Italian-Style

Book II, Chapter 1: Where Is the Colosseum? Asking Directions

Book II, Chapter 2: Having Fun Out on the Town

Book II, Chapter 3: Exploring the Outdoors, Sports, and Hobbies

Book II, Chapter 4: Planning a Trip

Book II, Chapter 5: Money, Money, Money

Book II, Chapter 6: Getting Around: Planes, Trains, Taxis, and Buses

Book II, Chapter 7: Finding a Place to Stay

Book II, Chapter 8: Handling Emergencies

Book III, Chapter 1: What Do You Know? Parts of Speech

Book III, Chapter 2: Noun and Article Basics: Gender and Number

Book III, Chapter 3: All about Pronouns

Book III, Chapter 4: Adjectives, Adverbs, and Comparisons

Book III, Chapter 5: Meeting the Challenge of Prepositions

Book III, Chapter 6: Demonstrative, Indefinite, and Possessive Qualifiers

Book III, Chapter 7: Making Connections with Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns

Book III, Chapter 8: Asking and Answering Questions

Book IV, Chapter 1: Jumping into Action with Italian Regular Verbs

Book IV, Chapter 2: Talking in the Present Tense with Irregular Verbs

Book IV, Chapter 3: Using Reflexive Forms and the Imperative Mood

Book IV, Chapter 4: Declaring Your Likes (And Dislikes) with Piacere

Book IV, Chapter 5: The Future Tense and the Conditional Mood

Book IV, Chapter 6: Getting into the Subjunctive Mood

Book V, Chapter 1: Been There, Done That: Talking in the Past Tense

Book V, Chapter 2: Reflexive Verbs in the Past

Book V, Chapter 3: Second-Guessing Actions with the Past Conditional and Past Perfect

Book V, Chapter 4: I Hope That You've Had Fun! The Subjunctive Mood in the Past

Book V, Chapter 5: “If” Clauses, the Impersonal, and the Passive

Book V, Chapter 6: Progressing through Gerunds in Italian

Appendix E: Audio Tracks

About the Authors

Cheat Sheet

Connect with Dummies

Introduction

I
f you're reading this introduction, you're likely interested in learning a foreign language. You're surely aware of the importance of knowing how to communicate in every circumstance and situation because world views, ideas, and people travel and meet in a borderless space. Why you're choosing Italian is a question with many possible answers. You may want to refresh your memory of the Italian you learned in school, or perhaps you're preparing for a full immersion into the arts, fashion, and design. Maybe you're studying Italian so you can surprise an Italian friend or to get ready for a business trip to Italy. Or you may simply want to know the “language that sings.” Whatever the reason, this book will help you do it.

Italian All-in-One For Dummies
isn't a language course. This book deconstructs the Italian language and culture in chapters that complement each other but that you can read in the order you prefer and at your own pace. Rather than a vertical scaffolding of cultural topics, vocabulary, and grammar,
Italian All-in-One For Dummies
is a collection of what you need to successfully communicate in Italian. The accompanying audio tracks will help improve your pronunciation and intonation, and the online resources provide additional references.

About This Book

Italian All-in-One For Dummies
presents aspects of the Italian culture and daily life as well as the grammatical framework of the language as it's spoken today. Each section in the book has a theme. You can choose where you want to begin and how you want to proceed. You can skip the sidebars (shaded text boxes) without remorse, or simply leave them for another time.
Italian All-in-One For Dummies
lets you read at the pace and in the order you prefer.

English translations are
italicized
when they accompany Italian words and sentences. The phrases and idiomatic expressions in Books I and II come with pronunciation guidelines. Within the Italian pronunciations, you see
italic
on the stressed syllables in words with two or more syllables. In addition, dialogues built around specific topics and real-life situations will enrich your vocabulary and your speech. Those who can't speak a language unless they comprehend its syntax and grammar will be satisfied by the thorough clarifications presented in
Italian All-in-One For Dummies
. The appendixes provide quick references to specific grammar points (such as verbs) and translations of important words that appear throughout the book. The audio tracks help you practice your spoken Italian whenever and wherever you like! And because Italian is the “language that sings,” all you have to do is repeat after the audio track and join the chorus!

Within this book, you may note that some web addresses break across two lines of text. If you're reading this book in print and want to visit one of these web pages, simply key in the web address exactly as it's noted in the text, pretending as though the line break doesn't exist. If you're reading this as an e-book, you've got it easy — just click the web address to be taken directly to the web page.

Foolish Assumptions

Italian All-in-One For Dummies
makes the following assumptions about you, dear reader:

You're an Italian student looking for an in-depth, easy-to-use reference.

You know very little or no Italian — or if you took Italian back in school, you remember very little of it.

Your goal is to expand your knowledge of Italian. You don't want to be burdened by long-winded explanations of unnecessary grammatical terms, nor do you care to hold a scholarly discussion in Italian about Dante's
Inferno.
You just want to express yourself in clear and reasonably accurate Italian.

You're enthusiastic about having fun while honing your Italian skills.

If any or all of these statements describe you, then you're ready to start using this book.

Icons Used in This Book

You may be looking for particular information while reading this book. To make certain types of information easier to find, the following icons appear in the left-hand margins throughout the book.

This icon highlights tips that can make learning Italian — and using it correctly — easier.

This icon points out interesting information that you shouldn't forget.

This icon highlights potential linguistic, grammatical, and cultural errors to avoid.

Languages are full of quirks that may trip you up if you're not prepared for them. This icon points to discussions of these peculiar grammar rules. Because Books III, IV, and V are nearly all grammar, you see this icon only in Books I and II.

If you're looking for information and advice about Italian culture and travel, look for this icon.

This icon marks the Talkin' the Talk dialogues in Books I and II that you can listen to in order to get a better understanding of what Italian sounds like.

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