J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets (135 page)

7
. Tamm interview.

8
. Belmont interview.

9
. Courtney Evans interview.

10
. Baldwin interview.

11
. David Wise,
The American Police State: The Government against the People
(New York: Random House, 1976), 276.

12
.
New York Evening Journal,
May 2, 1936.

13
.
NYT,
May 4, 1936.

14
.
NYT,
May 13, 1936.

15
.
New Yorker,
Oct. 2, 1937.

16
. OC no. 65; Whitehead,
FBI Story,
335-36.

17
. Thomas McDade interview with Alvin Karpis, Malaga, and Spain, 1978, as recounted to the author; McDade, “Delayed Encounter,”
Mystery Writer’s Annual,
1979, 6.

18
. Karpis and Trent,
Story,
10, 202-3, 222-23.

19
.
Newsweek,
Dec. 26, 1936.

20
.
NYT,
Dec. 15-17 and 20, 1936.

21
.
NYT,
Dec. 17, 1936.

22
.
NYT,
Dec. 16, 1936.

23
.
New Yorker,
Oct. 9, 1937.

1
. Most of the statements by Butler, French, and MacGuire can be found in the hearings of the House Committee on Un-American Activities,
Investigation of Nazi Propaganda Activities and Investigation of Certain Other Propaganda Activities,
73d Cong., 2d sess., 1934, and the House Committee on Un-American Activities,
Investigation of Nazi and Other Propaganda,
74th Cong., 1st sess., 1935, House Rep. 153. Other sources on the “Butler affair” and the American Liberty League include Gilbert Seldes,
Witch Hunt: The Technique and Profits of Redbaiting
(New York: Modern Age Books, 1940), 259-67; Albert E. Kahn,
High Treason: The Plot against the People
(New York: Lear, 1950), 196-204; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.,
The Age of Roosevelt,
vol. 3,
The Politics of Upheaval
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960), 82-83; and Gerard Colby Zilg,
Du Pont: Behind the Nylon Curtain
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974), 292-98.

2
. House Committee on Un-American Activities,
Investigation of…Propaganda.

3
. JEH memo, May 10, 1934; Church, vol. 6, 558.

4
. JEH memo to field offices, May 10, 1934; Church, vol. 6, 559.

5
. Schlesinger,
Politics,
23.

6
. Stanley I. Kutler,
The American Inquisition: Justice and Injustice in the Cold War
(New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), 136.

7
. JEH memo, Aug. 24, 1936; Church, bk. III, 393-94; Church, vol. 6, 561.

8
. JEH memo, Aug. 25, 1936; Church, bk. III, 394.

9
. De Toledano,
Hoover,
152.

10
. Ibid.

11
. Tamm to JEH, Aug. 28, 1936; Church, vol. 6, 562-63.

12
. JEH to field offices, Sept. 5, 1936; Church, bk. III, 396.

13
. JEH to Tamm, Sept. 10, 1936; Church, bk. III, 396.

14
. JEH to Reeves, May 14, 1925.

15
. Church, bk. III, 399.

16
. JEH memo, enclosed with letter from AG Murphy to FDR, Oct. 10, 1938; Church, bk. III, 398, 400.

17
. Asst. AG Kennan to AG, Feb. 7, 1939; Church, bk. III, 400.

18
. JEH to AG, Feb. 7, 1939; Church, bk. III, 401.

19
. JEH to Tamm, attached to letter from Col. J. M. Churchill, Army G-2, May 16, 1939; Church, bk. II, 34.

20
. AG to FDR, June 6, 1939; Church, bk. III, 402.

21
. FDR to department heads, June 26, 1939; Church, bk. III, 403.

22
. JEH to AG, Sept. 6, 1939; Church, bk. III, 404.

23
. Tamm memo, Sept. 6, 1939; Church, bk. III, 406; Church, vol. 6, 571-76.

24
. Statement of the president (FDR), Sept. 6, 1939; Church, bk. III, 404.

25
.
NYT,
Oct. 1, 1939.

1
. Whitehead,
FBI Story,
170.

2
. Church, bk. II, 29.

3
. Frank J. Donner,
The Age of Surveillance: The Aims and Methods of America’s Political Intelligence System
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980), 60.

4
. JEH testimony, House Appropriations Subcommittee, Nov. 30, 1939.

5
. JEH to SACs, Sept. 2 and Dec. 6, 1939; JEH to Tamm, Nov. 9, 1939.

6
.
CR,
Jan. 1, 1940.

7
.
CR,
Feb. 27, 1940.

8
.
NYT,
Jan. 15, 1940.

9
.
New Republic,
March 11, 1940.

10
. J. Woodford Howard, Jr.,
Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography
(Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1968), 220.

11
. O’Leary interview.

12
.
WP,
Feb. 2, 1940.

13
.
WTH,
Feb. 28, 1940.

14
.
NYDN,
Feb. 28, 1940.

15
. Demaris,
Director,
9.

16
. Ibid., 8.

17
.
NYP,
Oct. 9, 1959.

18
. Allen interview.

19
. Ernest Cuneo interview.

20
.
NYT,
May 12, 1954.

21
. OC no. 162.

22
. Walter Winchell,
Winchell Exclusive,
introd. by Ernest Cuneo (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975), 135.

23
. Cuneo interview;
Winchell Exclusive,
134-48; Bob Thomas,
Winchell
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971), 151-53; Whitehead,
FBI Story,
110.

24
.
NYT,
Aug. 25, 1939.

25
.
NYT,
Aug. 27, 1939.

26
. Cuneo interview.

27
. JEH to Watson (FDR), March 15, 1941.

28
. Whitehead,
FBI Story,
341.

29
. William W. Turner,
Hoover’s FBI: The Men and the Myth
(Los Angeles: Sherbourne Press, 1970), 141.

30
. De Toledano,
Hoover,
148.

31
.
New Republic,
March 11, 1940.

32
. Nichols interview.

33
. Elliott Roosevelt and James Brough,
A Rendezvous with Destiny: The Roosevelts of the White House
(New York: Putnam’s, 1975), 236.

34
.
Nation’s Business,
Jan. 1972.

35
. Tamm interview.

36
. Biddle,
Brief
166.

37
. De Toledano,
Hoover,
160.

38
.
New Republic,
March 11, 1940.

39
. Whitehead,
FBI Story,
180.

1
. Stephen Early (FDR) to JEH, May 18, 1940.

2
. FDR to Early, May 21, 1940; Early to JEH, May 23 and 29, 1940.

3
. Rexford G. Tugwell,
The Democratic Roosevelt: A Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1957), 570-71.

4
. FDR to Watson, June 12, 1940.

5
. FDR to JEH, June 14, 1940.

6
. JEH to FDR, June 18, 1940.

7
. Wayne S. Cole,
America First: The Battle against Intervention, 1940-41
(Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1953), 144.

8
. Oliver Pilat,
Drew Pearson: An Unauthorized Biography
(New York: Harper’s Magazine Press, 1973), 9.

9
. OC no. 161.

10
. Tamm interview.

11
. R. J. C. Butow, “The FDR Tapes,”
American Heritage,
Feb./March 1982.

12
. Tamm interview.

13
.
New York Star,
Sept. 28, 1948.

14
. Athan G. Theoharis and John Stuart Cox,
Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition
(Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 1988), 114-15.

15
. Ted Morgan,
FDR: A Biography
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985), 523.

16
. JEH to Watson (FDR), Feb. 8, 1941.

17
. Berle,
Brief
297.

18
. Powers,
Secrecy,
268-69; Theoharis and Cox,
Boss,
168.

19
. JEH to L. M. C. Smith, chief neutrality unit, Nov. 18, 1940.

20
. JEH memo, April 11, 1940.

21
. Neil J. Welch and David W. Marston,
Inside Hoover’s FBI
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1984), 200.

22
. Sullivan interview; Ungar,
FBI,
443.

23
. Whitehead,
FBI Story,
154.

24
. Federal Communications Act, 47 U.S.C. 605.

25
. Nardone v. United States 308 U.S. 339 (1939).

26
. Morris Ernst, “Why I No Longer Fear the FBI,”
Reader’s Digest,
Dec. 1950.

27
. Morgenthau diaries, vol. 3, May 20, 1940.

28
. FDR to AG Jackson, May 21, 1940.

29
. Biddle,
Brief,
167.

30
. Ibid.

31
. JEH memo, May 28, 1940; OC no. 163.

32
. Frank Donner, “Electronic Surveillance: The National Security Game,”
CLR,
Summer 1975.

33
. Philip Elman interview.

34
. Robert H. Jackson,
The Supreme Court in the American System of Government
(New York: Harper Torchbook, 1963), 70-71.

35
. Walter Trohan,
Political Animals: Memoirs of a Sentimental Critic
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1956), 406.

36
. Adolf Augustus Berle,
Navigating the Rapids, 1918-1971: From the Papers of Adolf A. Berle
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), 298.

37
. Morris Ernst interview.

38
. David Kraslow notes on a meeting with JEH, Oct. 13, 1971.

39
. Baldwin interview.

40
. Ernst to Nichols, Sept. 21, 1950.

41
. Ernst to CT, Sept. 29, 1948.

42
. Ernst to JEH, Nov. 29, 1948.

43
. Ernst to JEH, Jan. 20, 1948.

44
. Ernst to JEH, July 12, 1949.

45
. Ernst to JEH, Nov. 25, 1949.