J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets (143 page)

22
. Miller to Rosen, Oct. 20, 1971; RN Impeach, bk. VII, pt. 4, 1769.

23
. Felt,
FBI Pyramid,
141.

24
. Sullivan interview.

25
. Sullivan to JEH, Oct. 6, 1971.

26
. Former Hoover aide.

27
. Ibid.

28
. Liddy to Krough, “The Directorship of the FBI,” Oct. 20, 1971; Liddy,
Will,
172-80.

29
. Liddy,
Will,
180.

30
. Nixon,
Memoirs,
597.

31
. Ibid., 598.

32
. Ibid., 597-98.

33
. Ibid., 598-99; Ungar,
FBI,
494.

34
.
Newsweek,
Jan. 10, 1972.

35
. FBI Executive Conference to CT, Aug. 26, 1971; Church, bk. III, 443.

36
. Inquiry, 68.

37
. Crawford interview.

38
. O’Leary interview.

39
.
WS,
Jan. 2, 1972.

40
. Donner,
Age,
124.

41
.
NYT,
Sept. 7, 1971.

42
. Inquiry, 46.

43. Former Hoover aide.

44. Demaris,
Director,
28.

45
. Felt,
FBI Pyramid,
228.

1
.
LAT,
Jan. 18, 1972.

2
. JEH to SACs, Jan. 13, 1972.

3
. JEH to Nichols, Jan. 7, 1972; Ungar,
FBI,
275.

4
.
WS,
Jan. 2, 1972; Ungar,
FBI,
257.

5
.
Nation’s Business,
Jan. 1972.

6
. Carl Stern to Acting AG Kleindienst, March 20, 1972.

7
. Eleanora W. Schoenebaum,
Profiles of an Era: The Nixon/Ford Years
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979), 547.

8
. JEH testimony, House Appropriations Subcommittee, March 2, 1972.

9
. Dean,
Blind Ambition,
54-57.

10
. Felt,
FBI Pyramid,
170.

11
. Dean,
Blind Ambition,
58.

12
. Felt,
FBI Pyramid,
172.

13
. Nixon,
Memoirs,
599.

14
. Tamm interview.

15
. Felt,
FBI Pyramid,
179.

16
. I. F. Stone interview.

17
. “MGR,” May 1, 1972.

18
. Felt,
FBI Pyramid,
179.

19
.
Four Great Americans,
53-57;
Transcripts of Eight Recorded Presidential Conversations: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives,
93d Cong., 2d sess., Serial 34, 1974.

1
.
WS,
May 2, 1972.

2
. John Edgar Hoover death certificate.

3
.
LAT,
May 4, 1972.

4
. “MGR,” Nov. 23, 1973.

5
. Wise,
Police State,
282.

6
. Inquiry, 58.

7
. Ibid., 205.

8
. Crawford interview.

9
. Ibid.

10
. Will, John Edgar Hoover, signed and witnessed July 19, 1971.

11
. Demaris,
Director,
48.

12
. Ibid., 91.

13
. Mead/Hagen depositions.

14
. Inquiry, 46.

15
. Ibid., 204.

16
. Mead/Hagen depositions.

17
. Inquiry, 59-60.

18
. Robert Fink and Timothy H. Ingram interviews.

19
. Ingram interview.

20
. Inquiry, 48.

21
. Mohr deposition, Tolson will dispute.

22
. James Jesus Angleton interview.

23
. Demaris,
Director,
42.

24
. Baker and King,
Wheeling and Dealing,
259-60.

25
.
WP,
April 15, 1975.

26
.
WS,
July 10, 1975;
WP,
July 11, 1975.

27
. Mohr deposition.

28
. Sullivan interview.

29
. Mohr deposition.

30
. Welch and Marston,
Inside Hoover’s FBI,
142.

31
. Mohr memo, May 22, 1964; JD Report U.S. Recording.

32
. Mohr to Conrad, March 14, 1963; JD Report U.S. Recording.

33
. JD Report U.S. Recording.

34
. Sullivan interview.

35
. JD Report U.S. Recording.

36
. Attorney General Griffin B. Bell statement, Jan. 10, 1978.

37
.
LAT,
Jan. 13, 1978.

38
. Ungar,
FBI,
522.

39
. Lukas,
Nightmare,
314.

40
. Telegram All FBI Officials to President Nixon, April 30, 1973; Ungar,
FBI,
545.

41
.
LAT,
June 8, 1973.

42
. Ungar,
FBI,
600.

43
. Murphy interview.

44
. Testimony of Clarence M. Kelley, “Concerning Bill of Rights Procedures Act of 1975 and Surveillance Practices and Procedures Act of 1975,” June 26, 1975.

45
. Testimony of Clarence M. Kelley before the National Commission for the Review of Federal and State Laws Relating to Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance, Sept. 17, 1974.

46
. Address of Clarence M. Kelley, John Findley Green Foundation Lecture Series, Westminster College, April 8, 1976.

47
. Mohr deposition.

48
. Former Kelley aide.

49
. JD Report U.S. Recording.

50
. Bell statement, Jan. 10, 1978.

51
. Sullivan to Dean, March 1, 1973.

52
.
New Times,
July 24, 1978.

53
.
SFX,
April 19, 1978.

54
.
SFX,
April 11, 1978.

55
. Welch and Marston,
Inside Hoover’s FBI,
242.

56
.
NYT,
March 4, 1978.

57
.
Newsweek,
March 16, 1978.

58
.
WP,
clipping, n./d.

59
. Ibid.

60
. Sullivan interview.

61
.
SFC,
Aug. 30, 1981.

62
.
SFC,
March 8, 1983.

63
.
Newsweek,
Aug. 3, 1987.

64
.
Washington Monthly,
Jan. 1989.

65
.
NYT,
Sept. 2, 1990.

66
.
Washington Monthly,
Jan. 1989.

67
.
SFC,
March 1, 1989.

68
.
Washington Monthly,
Jan. 1989.

69
.
NYT,
Jan. 1, 1988.

70
.
Nation,
Oct. 10, 1989.

71
.
Washington Monthly,
Jan. 1989.

72
.
Nation,
April 9, 1988.

73
.
NYT,
Sept. 2, 1988.

My special thanks to my friends Charles Flowers, who provided help when it was most needed, and Marijane Pierson, who never asked, “When are you going to finish it?”

I owe a debt of gratitude to the columnist Jack Anderson and his associates, in particular Joseph Spear, Les Whitten, Opal Ginn, Jack Clarity, and James Grady, for allowing me access to the Drew Pearson/Jack Anderson files on J. Edgar Hoover; to innumerable uncensored FBI documents; and to a complete set of back issues of the “Washington Merry-Go-Round”—their only stipulation being that I not disclose confidential sources, a condition which I have honored. I’m also indebted to the Center for National Security Studies—which served as an informal clearing house for documents released as a result of the Freedom of Information Act and in various court cases—and to its staff, Morton Halperin, Florence Oliver, and Monica Andress, for boxes upon boxes of FBI, CIA, NSA, and related documents, plus invaluable research leads. The assistance of the American Civil Liberties Union, and in particular Roger Baldwin, John Shattuck, Walter Slocombe, Jack Novik, Leonard Friedman, Aryeh Neier, and numerous assistants whose names I never learned but who were unfailingly helpful more than compensated for the discovery that one of my longtime heroes, Morris L. Ernst, had feet of clay. Yet I am indebted to him also, for the frankness of his recollections.

I owe special thanks to Jason Berger, for his research in the various presidential libraries. To cite all the librarians (and booksellers) who assisted me would add significantly to the length of this already long volume, but they know who they are and what they contributed, and they have my appreciation. In particular I would like to acknowledge the help provided by William R. Emerson of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library at Hyde Park, New York; David Farmer and Ellen S. Dunlap of the University of Texas Humanities Research Center at Austin, Texas; and the staffs of the Library of Congress, the National Archives, and the FBI Library.

To Robert Fink, who led me through the underground mazes of bureaucratic Washington, pointing out the secret passages, this would be a lesser book without your help.

I’m especially indebted to Ovid Demaris for his pioneering work
The Director: An Oral Biography of J. Edgar Hoover
and for other courtesies that went well beyond those usually extended to fellow writers.

To Jack Levitt, who in 1977 lent me his extensive library of books, pamphlets, and other memorabilia about the FBI and never once called and asked when he’d get them back (they were finally returned in 1991), I can only express my wonderment.

I also wish to thank the former FBI director Clarence M. Kelley, George William “Bill” Gunn, and Homer A. Boynton, Jr., who provided me with a desk in the new FBI Building (to better watch me, I suspected at the time, though perhaps I was being unduly suspicious) and with access to various public source materials. My thanks also to the Research Unit of the Bureau’s Office of Public Affairs (formerly Crime Records) and to Susan Rosenfeld Falb, the FBI’s first official historian, whose arrival was long overdue.

Others who assisted me, either in the research or the preparation of the manuscript, include Janice Wood, Abby Wasserman, Mary Pieratt, Carolyn Miller, Stephanie Martinez, Michelle Case, and Gail Stevens.

My greatest debt, however, is to the entire staff of W. W. Norton & Company, my publishers, who believed in this book, encouraged me through its research and writing, and patiently waited fifteen years for its completion.

A number of persons who figured prominently in the life of J. Edgar Hoover declined to be interviewed. These included Helen Gandy, Annie Fields, John Mohr, Nicholas P. Callahan, John Dunphy, and Dorothy Skillman. Fortunately, each was deposed at length in various legal proceedings, in particular in regard to Hillory Tolson’s suit contesting the disputed codicils of the will of Clyde A. Tolson, and I was able to draw on these depositions, as well as on other sources. Miss Gandy also testified at length, if not altogether candidly, in the House subcommittee inquiry into the destruction of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover’s files; others testifying included John Mohr, W. Mark Felt, and Richard Kleindienst. Similarly, although former President Richard Nixon and the former secretaries of state Henry Kissinger and Alexander Haig declined to be interviewed, all were questioned, again at some length, in little-publicized depositions in the case of
Morton H. Halperin et al.
v.
Henry Kissinger et al.