James and Dolley Madison (65 page)

21
. Land records, Orange County, November 12, 1838, and March 29, 1839, in ibid.

22
. James Madison to Payne Todd, November 13, 1825, in Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, pp. 274–75.

23
. James Madison to Payne Todd, February 15, 1826, in DMDE.

24
. James Madison to Payne Todd, April 26, 1826, in James Madison Papers, Library of Congress.

25
. Dolley Madison to Dolley Cutts, July 30, 1826, in DMDE.

26
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, Jun, 1821, in ibid.

27
. John Coles Payne to Payne Todd, October 12, 1836, in ibid.

28
. Ibid.; Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, May 24, 1821, and April 9, 1823, in ibid.

29
. Dolley Madison to Thomas Parke, May 9, 1809, in ibid.

30
. Ketcham,
James Madison
, pp. 614–16.

31
. Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, July 20, 1834, in DMDE.

32
. Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, May 28, 1821, in ibid.

33
. Edward Coles to W. C. Rives, 1857, in Rives Papers, Library of Congress.

CHAPTER 25. THE MADISONS

  
1
. David Brion Davis,
Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975), pp. 106, 125, 128.

  
2
. James Madison to Edmund Randolph, March 10, 1784, in
The Writings of James Madison
, by James Madison and Gaillard Hunt (New York: Russell and Russell, 1968), 2:31.

  
3
. James Madison to John Parrish, June 6, 1790, in Cox-Parrish-Wharton Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Ralph Ketcham,
James Madison: A Biography
(New York: MacMillan, 1971), p. 315.

  
4
. Patrick Henry to Robert Pleasants, January 18, 1773, in
Friend Anthony Benezet
, by George S. Brookes (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press,1937), pp. 443–44; Patrick Henry to Anthony Benezet, January 18, 1773, in Benezet Letters, Friends House, London; Davis,
Slavery in the Age of Revolution
, pp. 196–97; Thomas Jefferson,
The Life and Selected Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Adrienne Koch and William Peden (New York: Modern Library, 1993), pp. 278–79.

  
5
. Dolley Madison to Dolley Cutts, July 30, 1826, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter referred to as DMDE).

  
6
. Sarah “Sally” Coles Stevenson to Dolley Madison, June 21, 1833, in ibid.

  
7
. Edward Coles to Thomas Jefferson, July 31, 1814, in
Governor Edward Coles
(Springfield: Trustees of the Illinois State Historical Library, 1920), pp. 158–60.

  
8
. Davis,
Slavery in the Age of Revolution
, p. 204.

  
9
.
Virginia Gazette
, July 24, 1774.

10
. Davis,
Slavery in the Age of Revolution
, p. 197.

11
. Samuel Allinson to Patrick Henry, October 12, 1774, in Rutgers University special collections (general revolutionary papers collection); Davis,
Slavery in the Age of Revolution
, p. 398; Thomas Paine, “African Slavery in America,” in Davis,
Slavery in the Age of Revolution
, p. 279.

12
. Max Farrand, ed.,
The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1937), 3:256.

13
. David Rice,
A Kentucky Protest against Slavery: Slavery Inconsistent with Justice and Good Policy—Proved by a Speech, Delivered in the Convention, Held at Danville, Kentucky
(New York, 1812), p. 13.

14
. Memorial from Benjamin Rush and others, Pennsylvania Abolitionist Society, February 12, 1813, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), presidential ser. 6:13–14.

15
. Farrand,
Records of the Federal Convention of 1787
, 3:211.

16
.
Connecticut Courant
, December 12, 1796.

17
. Davis,
Slavery in the Age of Revolution
, p. 336.

18
. James Madison to his father, September 8, 1783, in
PJM
, 7:304.

19
. Harriet Martineau,
Retrospect of Western Travel
(1838; repr., New York: Greenwood Press, 1969), 1:192.

20
. Paul Jennings,
A Colored Man's Reminiscences of James Madison
(Brooklyn, NY: G. C. Beadle, 1865), pp. 17–18; James Madison to Edward Coles, October 3, 1834, in James Madison Papers, University of Virginia.

21
. Ralph Ketcham,
The Madisons at Montpelier: Reflections on the Founding Couple
(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2009), pp. 41–43.

22
. James Madison to Frances Wright, September 1, 1825, in Madison and Hunt,
Writings of James Madison
, 3:224–29.

23
. James Madison to Robert Walsh, November 27, 1819, in ibid., 8:443.

24
. Dolley Madison to Eliza Law, October 17, 1804, in DMDE; John Tayloe III to Dolley Madison, December 29, 1808, in DMDE; Francis Scott Key to Dolley Madison, June 30, 1810, in DMDE.

25
. James Madison to Edward Coles, October 3, 1834, in
The Last of the Fathers: James Madison and the Republican Legacy
, by Drew R. McCoy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p. 258.

26
. James Madison to Henry Clay, June 1833, in James Madison Papers, Library of Congress.

27
. Spotsylvania County Order Book, September 6, 1832 entry, p. 151.

28
. James Madison to Mordecai Collins, November 5, 1790, in
PJM
, 13:302–303.

29
. James Madison Jr. to James Madison Sr., July 28, 1787, in
PJM
, 10:118.

30
. Jennings,
Colored Man's Reminiscence
, pp. 17–18.

31
. Davis,
Slavery in the Age of Revolution
, p. 419.

32
. Ketcham,
Madisons at Montpelier
, pp. 45–46; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, July 23, 1818, in DMDE.

33
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, December 1822, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, May 3, 1806, in DMDE.

34
. Presumed Dolley Madison note, 1837, in DMDE; Matthew Hyland,
Montpelier and the Madisons: House, Home, and American Heritage
(Charleston, SC: History Press, 2007), p. 92.

35
. Henry Moncure to Anna Cutts, June 17, 1843, in Dolley Madison Papers, Library of Congress.

36
. Catherine Allgor,
A Perfect Union: Dolley Madison and the Creation of the American Nation
(New York: Henry Holt, 2006), p. 369.

37
. Ketcham,
Madisons at Montpelier
, p. 164; Ellen Coolidge to Thomas Jefferson, August 1, 1825, in
The Family Letters of Thomas Jefferson
, by Thomas Jefferson, ed. Edna Betts and James Bear Jr. (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1966), pp. 454–55.

38
. Peter Force, “Scrapbook about James Madison,” special collections, Alderman Library, University of Virginia.

39
. Martineau,
Retrospective of Western Travel
, 2:150–51.

CHAPTER 26. DOLLEY

  
1
. Ralph Ketcham,
The Madisons at Montpelier: Reflections on the Founding Couple
(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2009), p. 140.

  
2
. Harry Coles,
The War of 1812
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), pp. 268–69.

  
3
. Dolley Madison to General James Taylor, January 29, 1834, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter referred to as DMDE).

  
4
. Dolley Madison to Judith Rives, May 24, 1832, in ibid.; Dolley Madison to Lucy Todd, May 1836, in ibid.; Dolley Madison to Fanny Lear, October 27, 1835, in ibid.

  
5
. Katherine Anthony,
Dolley Madison: Her Life and Times
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1949), p. 325.

  
6
. Ibid., p. 326.

  
7
. James Madison memo, April 1826, in DMDE.

  
8
. Irving Brant,
James Madison
(Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946), 6:516–20; Ralph Ketcham,
James Madison: A Biography
(New York: Macmillan, 1971), pp. 669–70; Paul Jennings,
A Colored Man's Reminiscences
(Brooklyn, NY: G. C. Beadle, 1865), pp. 20–21.

  
9
. Dolley Madison to Charles Ingersoll, June 15, 1836, in DMDE.

10
. Margaret Smith to her husband, March 12, 1829, in
The First Forty Years of Washington Society
, by Margaret Bayard Smith, ed. Gaillard Hunt (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), pp. 299–300.

11
. Jennings,
Colored Man's Reminiscences
, p. 17.

12
. Wyndham Robertson to Dolley Madison, July 1, 1836, in DMDE; George Smith, chair, Madison, Virginia, city council, to Dolley Madison, July 1836, in DMDE; Martha Jefferson to Dolley Madison, July 1, 1836, in DMDE; Andrew Stevenson to Dolley Madison, September 16, 1836, in DMDE.

13
. John Coles Payne to Edward Coles, March 15, 1837, in ibid.

14
. Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, pp. 330–31.

15
. Dolley Madison to Henry Clay, November 8, 1836, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Eliza Collins Lee, July 26, 1836, in DMDE; Septima Meikleham, “Montpelier: Quiet Home Life of Mr. and Mrs. Madison,” in Meikleham-Randolph-Trist-Coolidge Family Papers, Alderman Library, University of Virginia.

16
. Dolley Madison to Margaret Smith, 1838, in Smith,
First Forty Years of Washington Society
, p. 379.

17
. Dolly Madison to General B. Peyton, July 13, 1840, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to A. A. H. Palmer, May 12, 1842, in DMDE.

18
. Matthew Hyland,
Montpelier and the Madisons: House, Home, and American Heritage
(Charleston, SC: History Press, 2007), pp. 92–93; C. G. Chamberlayne,
Ham Chamberlayne—Virginian; Letters and Papers of an Artillery Officer in the War for Southern Independence 1861–1865
(Richmond, VA: Deitz Press, 1932), p. 188.

19
. Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, p. 374.

20
. Payne Todd to James Madison Hite, May 10, 1837, in DMDE.

21
. George Tucker to Dolley Madison, August 23, 1836, in ibid.; James Paulding to Jared Sparks, September 11, 1836, in ibid.; William Rives to Judith Rives, November 29, 1836, in ibid.

22
. John Coles Payne to William Rives, December 24, 1836, in ibid.

23
. United States Senate,
Journal of the Senate
, July 1, 1836, in ibid.

24
. Payne Todd to Dolley Madison, 1844 note, in ibid.

25
. Eugene Exman,
The Brothers Harper: A Unique Publishing Partnership and Its Impact upon the Cultural Life of America, 1817–1853
(New York: Harper and Row, 1965), p. 200.

26
. Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, May 26, 1838, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, January 22, 1844, in DMDE.

27
. Ibid.

28
. Dolley Madison to Andrew Jackson, September 2, 1836, in ibid.

29
. Anna Payne to Payne Todd, September 14, 1836, in ibid.

30
. Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, March 23, 1837, in ibid.

31
. Ibid.

32
. John Campbell to William Rives, April 5, 1837, in ibid.; George Featherstonhaugh to William Rives, April 10, 1837, in ibid.

33
. Dolley Madison to Ann Maury, October 9, 1836, in ibid.

34
. John Payne to Edward Coles, January 27, 1837, in ibid.

35
. Dolley Madison to unknown correspondent, April 3, 1838, in ibid.

36
. Dolley Madison to Dolley Cutts, December 1831, in ibid.; Phoebe Morris to Dolley Madison, January 19 , 1824, in ibid.

37
. Judith Rives to Dolley Madison, January 26, 1829, in ibid.

38
. Judith Rives to Dolley Madison, February 1829, in ibid.

39
. Edward Coles to Dolley Madison, February 22, 1832, in ibid.

40
. Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, pp. 333–34; Noel Gerson,
The Velvet Glove: A Life of Dolley Madison
(Nashville: Thomas and Nelson, 1975), p. 238.

41
. Dolley Madison to Richard Cutts, October 1837, in DMDE.

42
. Dolley Madison to Anthony Morris, September 2, 1837, in ibid.

43
. Lucy Todd to James Todd, October 5, 1842, in ibid.; Dolley Madison to Payne Todd, July 20, 1832, in ibid.

44
. Dolley Madison to Richard Cutts, 1841, in ibid.

45
. Edward Coles to Sally Stevenson, November 12, 1836, in ibid.

46
. J. Eastman Johnson, in
Life and Letters of Dolley Madison
, by Allen Clark (Washington, DC: Press of W. F. Roberts, 1914), p. 506.

47
. Letter by slave Sarah, in Papers of Dolley Madison, Library of Congress.

48
. Lucia Cutts,
Memoirs and Letters of Dolley Madison, Wife of James Madison, President of the United States
(1886; repr. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971), p. 206; Meikleham, “Montpelier.”

49
. Ethel Arnett,
Mrs. James Madison: The Incomparable Dolley
(Greensboro, NC: Piedmont Press, 1972), p. 348–49.

50
. Lucy Todd to James Todd, October 5, 1842, in DMDE.

51
. George Spotswood to Payne Todd, September 15, 1841, in ibid.