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Authors: Robert Macfarlane

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With Titus and Jasmin’s generous help, I began the process of working out what Roger had left behind. Digging through boxes; brushing away mouse droppings and spiders’ webs; scanning letters from friends and collaborators; putting letters from lovers and family to one side unread. Each box I opened held treasure or puzzles: early poems; first drafts of
Waterlog
; a copy of the screenplay for
My Beautiful Laundrette
sent to Roger by Hanif Kureishi; word-lists of place-language (
tufa
,
bole
,
burr
,
ghyll
); a folder entitled ‘Drowning (Coroners)’, which turned out not to be a record of coroners that Roger had drowned, but an account of his research into East Anglian deaths-by-water. It was hard not to get distracted, especially by his notebooks. Each was a small landscape through which it was possible to wander, and within which it was possible to get lost. One had a paragraph in which Roger imagined a possible structure for
Wildwood
: he compared it to a cabinet of wonders, a chest in which each drawer was made of a different timber and contained different remarkable objects and stories. The notebooks, taken together, represented an accidental epic poem of Roger’s life, or perhaps a dendrological cross-section of his mind. In their range and randomness, they reminded me that he was, as Les Murray once wrote,
‘only interested in everything’
.

~

The last three boxes of Roger’s archive were found in 2013, in the dusty corner of a dusty shed. Jasmin called to let me know that more
material had turned up; would I like to come and collect it? I drove over, had lunch, walked the fields with Titus and Jasmin and took the boxes home. That evening, kneeling on the floor of my study, I began to sort through the contents. There were files and notebooks from Roger’s schooldays, A4 notepads with scribbles and jottings, a new clutch of letters and pamphlets from the early years of Common Ground, and then, with a jolt of shock, I found a blue foolscap folder with a white label on the front, on which Roger had written ‘
ROBERT MACFARLANE
’.

I paused. I thought about throwing it away unopened. What if it held hurt for me? I opened it. It contained five letters. The letters weren’t about me – they were
from
me, to Roger, all written in 2002–3, when I was first coming to know him. Two were handwritten, two were typed, and one was the printout of an email. I had no memory of any of them, and for that reason I encountered my own voice almost as a stranger’s:

Tuesday 11 February 2003

It was great to get your letter, Roger, and to be transported out of my bunker-office in Cambridge, to the walnut woods of Kyrgyzstan. The word that really leaped out at me, oddly, from your description, was
‘holloway’
for the sunken lanes you saw. My wonderful editor is called Sara Holloway, and reading your letter, her name – which I have said often but never thought of as possessing an origin in the landscape – suddenly became rich with association and image. I could infer a meaning for it from your description, but wanted to know more, so went to my
Shorter Oxford Dictionary
. It wasn’t there, so I hauled out the complete
OED
, and discovered, buried in the small print of the ‘variants’ of meaning No. 7, the following: ‘hollow-way, a way,
road or path, through a defile or cutting, also extended, as quot. in 1882)’. That was all, but it was enough. I wonder where you picked the term up from? What a word it is! It made me think of the description of a holloway – though he does not call it such – in Gilbert White’s
Natural History of Selborne
. A friend and I are fascinated by ways, paths, ancient roads, ley-lines, dumbles, cuttings and – I now know – by holloways. So: thank you for the gift of the word.

Roger’s gift of that word would set further ripples of influence ringing outwards. Two years later he and I would travel together to the ‘holloways’ of south Dorset, in search of the hideout of the hero of Geoffrey Household’s cult 1939 novel,
Rogue Male
, who goes to ground in a sandstone-sided sunken lane in the Chideock Valley. Seven years after that I would return to Chideock with the artist Stanley Donwood and the writer Dan Richards, with whom I subsequently co-wrote a small book called
Holloway
– though by then I had fully forgotten the work’s true origin in that letter from Roger to me about the walnut woods of Kyrgyzstan and their deep-trodden lanes.

The other gift I received from Roger’s trip to Central Asia was an apple pip. He had travelled to the Talgar Valley in the mountains of Kazakhstan in search of the ur-apple – the wild apple,
Malus sieversus
, that was thought to have evolved into the domestic apple,
Malus domesticus
, and in that form found its way to Britain thanks to the Romans. On the northern slopes of the Tien Shan massif, Roger had filled three film canisters with wild-apple pips and damp cotton wool, and carried them home to Suffolk. He planted the pips in pots on his kitchen windowsill and there they had grown to seedlings. But then Roger died and the seedlings almost died with him, as the creepers on the outside of the farm grew untended over the kitchen window and shut out the sun. Potbound and light-hungry, each
seedling developed an obvious kink in its trunk from the months around Roger’s death, where they had leaned desperately sunwards.

Then Titus and Jasmin rescued them, re-potted them and gave them light. The seedlings flourished into saplings. When spring came, Titus planted out ten of the ur-apples in a field just behind the barn where Roger’s archive was kept, making an apple avenue. And Jasmin gave one of the saplings to me. I planted it in the chalky clay of my suburban garden, and to my surprise it flourished there.

It takes about twelve years for an apple tree to grow from pip to first fruiting. I write this in the spring of 2014, eleven years after Roger returned from Central Asia. My ur-apple flowers with white blossom, its leaves are a keen green, and it still has the sharp crook near the base of its trunk that remembers Roger’s death. Next year, all being well, it will fruit for the first time.

~

A life lived as variously as Roger’s, and evoked in writing as powerful as his, means that even after death his influence continues to flow outwards. Green Man-like, he appears in unexpected places, speaking in leaves. There is, of course, a tendency to hero-worship those who lived well and died too young, as Roger did. Laundry lists and emails become holy writ; hallowed places become sites of pilgrimage; admiration is expressed through ritual re-performance; and idealism threatens to occlude the actual. I know that Roger was no pure Poseidon or Herne: that he flew often and without apparent pangs to his conscience, that he could at times talk too much and at times too little, and that he was unrepeatably rude to any Jehovah’s Witnesses who made the long trudge down the track from Mellis
Common to the front door of Walnut Tree Farm. But his writing did show people how to live both eccentrically and responsibly, and by both dwelling well and travelling wisely, he resolved in some measure the tension between what Edward Thomas called the desire to
‘go on and on
over the earth’ and the desire ‘to settle for ever in one place’. Above all he embodied a spirit of childishness, in the best sense of the word: innocent of eye and at ease with wonder.

Though Roger is gone, many of his readers still feel a need to express their admiration for him, and the connection they felt with his work and world view, and so they still write letters, as if he might somehow read them. As I am Roger’s literary executor, and as our writings have become intertwined, many of these letters find their way to me. They come from all over the world, and from various kinds of people: a professional surfer from Australia, a Canadian academic, a woman from Exeter confined to her house due to mobility problems, a young man re-swimming the route of
Waterlog
, lake by lake and river by river, in an attempt to recover from depression. Titus and Jasmin have to cope with the scores of Deakinites who come on pilgrimage to Mellis each year, wanting to see the farm and its fields. Most are polite. Some expect it all to have been kept as a shrine or museum, and are offended by the changes they perceive. Some, inspired by Roger’s insouciant attitude towards trespass, wander the fields uninvited, or take unannounced dips in the moat.

But all of the pilgrims, and all the letter writers, are under Roger’s influence, and as I know that feeling well I do not begrudge them it. Among the letters I have received, one of the most heartfelt came from a Dutch-English reader, and this is how it began:

I am Hansje, born and bred
in the north Netherlands where I bathed from age one in lakes, rivers and cold-water outdoor pools. Here in Warwickshire, where I have lived for some thirty-three years, I am among other things a swimmer, and if you ever wish to swim in the beautiful Avon, then do tell me and I will show you to the best and secret places. I have never experienced the profound sense of loss of someone I have never met as when I learnt that Roger had died. Many sentences in each of his books are as if engraved in me, find a resting place, a recognition, they are magnifying glass, lens and microscope to the natural world, a watery surface through which I look to see the earth clarified.

Glossary III
Waterlands
Moving Water
aber
mouth of a river (into the sea), estuary; confluence of a lesser with a larger river
Welsh
abhainn
substantial river, often running to the sea, with numerous tributaries
Gaelic
ǣwell
source of a stream
Old English
aghlish
crook or sharp curve of a river (literally ‘armpit’)
Manx
aker
turbulent current
East Anglia
allt
strong stream or burn, usually running into an
abhainn
Gaelic
bala
outflow of a river from a lake
Welsh
bathshruth
calm stream, smoothly flowing stream
Irish
bay
slow water above a weir
Cumbria
beck
stream
northern England
berw
of water: boiling, foaming
Welsh
beuc-shruth
roaring stream; cataract
Gaelic
beum-slèibhe
sudden torrent caused by the bursting of a thundercloud
Gaelic
blaen
of a river: source, headwater
Welsh
borbhan
purling or murmur of a stream
Gaelic
brook
small stream
English
burn, burnie
small stream
northern England, Scots
burraghlas
torrent of brutal rage
Gaelic
caa’l
mill dam; place in a stream where salmon jump
North Sea coast
calbh
gushing of water or blood
Gaelic
caol
stream flowing through a marsh
Irish
cartage
violent stream of water that runs through a town and carries away the off-scourings
Manx
catchment
area from which precipitation and groundwater will collect and contribute to the flow of a specific river
ecological
cenllif
torrent, swift-flowing stream
Welsh
comb
feature of a stream where water pours over a rock such that it stands upwards in glossy ridges, separated by grooves (Gerard Manley Hopkins)
poetic
cora
weir or ford that might be used as a crossing place; also a rocky ridge extending into a sea or lake
Irish
còs-shruth
stream running partly underground or forming hollows in its course
Gaelic
crìon-allt
small stream often dried up by the sun’s heat in summer
Gaelic
currel
small stream
East Anglia
cymer
confluence of two or more rivers or streams
Welsh
drindle
diminutive run of water, smaller than a
currel
East Anglia
eagmin mall
slow meander or winding of a river
Gaelic
easaraich
boiling of a pool where a cascade falls
Gaelic
faoi
noisy stream
Gaelic
ffrwd
swift-flowing stream, gushing rill
Welsh
force
powerful waterfall
northern England
gairneag
noisy little stream
Gaelic
ghyll, gill
deep rocky cleft or ravine, usually wooded and forming the course of a stream
northern England
glaise
rivulet, stream
Irish
gore
muddy obstruction in a watercourse
Essex
grain
point where a stream branches
Yorkshire
gull
to sweep away by force of running water
East Anglia
gulsh
to tear up with violence, as a stream when swollen with floods
Northamptonshire
iomashruth
eddying current
Gaelic
keld
deep, still, smooth part of a river
northern England
lade
watercourse to or from a mill
Galloway
land-shut
flood
Herefordshire
lane
slow stream
Galloway
latch
occasional watercourse
Cumbria
lum
slack water at the bend of, or a pool in, a stream
Cumbria
marbh-shruth
that part of a river or stream the current of which is scarcely perceptible
Gaelic
mill-race
,
mill-tail
stream of water as it runs out from under the waterwheel
English
nailbourne
intermittent stream
Kent
nant
stream; stream-cut gorge, usually rocky
Welsh
òs
inlet or outlet of a loch
Gaelic
pill
creek capable of holding small barges
Herefordshire
pistyll, rhaeadr
waterfall, water-spout
Welsh
potamic
of or relating to rivers; riverine
ecological
pow
naturally sluggish, slow-moving stream, generally with a muddy bottom
Cumbria
reach
level, uninterrupted stretch of water on a river
English
riag-allt
fast-flowing, noisy stream
Gaelic
rin
stream
Shetland
ruadh-bhuinne
torrent embrowned by peat
Gaelic
seabhainn
very small river
Gaelic
sgoinn
small pool in the rocky bed of a stream in which salmon get imprisoned and caught when the tide is low
Gaelic
sgòr-shruth
rocky stream
Gaelic
sill
of a weir: the glassy curve where the water tips over the level
English
speat
sudden flood (spate) in a river following rain, snow or thaw
Cumbria
spout
waterfall, smaller than a
force
northern England
stripe
small stream,
burn
Shetland
taghairm
noise; echo; type of divination by listening to the noise of waterfalls
Gaelic
threeple
,
tripple
gentle sound made by a quick-flowing stream (incessant chattering, monotony and repetition being implied)
Cumbria
tolg
to sputter, vomit, as a mountain torrent
Gaelic
turn-whol
deep, seething pool where two streams meet
Cumbria
twire
movement of slow and shallow river water
Exmoor
ùidh
stream with a slow but strong current running between two freshwater lochs
Gaelic
vaedik
channel, small stream
Shetland
whelm
half a hollow tree, placed with its hollow side downwards, to form a small watercourse
East Anglia
winterbourne
intermittent or ephemeral stream, dry in the summer and running in winter, usually found in chalk and limestone regions
Berkshire, Dorset, Wiltshire
wirli
place where a dyke crosses a burn
Shetland
ystum
of a river: a bend, curve, meander
Welsh
Pools, Ponds and Lakes
blatter
puddle
Yorkshire
botunn
deep pool
Gaelic
cesspools
water that gathers on the ‘cess’, or land between a river and its bank, when the river is low
Fenland
flosh
stagnant pool overgrown with reeds
Lancashire
fuarán
spring, pool or fountain
Irish
glumag
deep pool in a river
Gaelic
grimmer
large, shallow, weed-infested pond
East Anglia
hassock
large pond
Kent
lacustrine
of or pertaining to a lake or lakes; lake-like
geographical
leech
pond or pool of water lying in the hollow of a road
Lancashire
lidden
pond
west Cornwall
linne
pool in a river, deeper than a
glumag
Gaelic
llyn
lake
Welsh
loch
lake
Gaelic
lochan
small lake
Gaelic
lodan
little pool; water in one’s shoe
Gaelic
loom
slow and silent movement of water in a deep pool
Cumbria
lough
lake
Irish
mardle
small pond convenient for watering cattle; also to gossip, to waste time gossiping
Suffolk
mere
marsh; pool (used of Grendel’s abode in
Beowulf
)
Old English
pell
hole of water, generally very deep, beneath an abrupt waterfall
Sussex
plash
small pool
Cotswolds
pudge
little puddle
Northamptonshire
puil
pool or small marsh
Scots
pulk
small dirty pool
Essex
stank
pool caused by a dam or a stream; also the dam itself
Cotswolds
staran
causeway of stones built out into a loch in order to fetch water
Gaelic
swidge
puddle
Suffolk
tarn
mountain pool or small upland lake
northern England
wake
piece of open water in the midst of a frozen river or broad
East Anglia
Rain and Storm
after-drop
raindrop which falls after a cloud has passed (first cited in Sir Philip Sidney’s
Arcadia
,
c
. 1580)
poetic
bachram
very heavy rain (literally ‘boisterous behaviour’)
Irish
bange
light rain
East Anglia
bashy
of a day: wet
Northamptonshire
basking
drenching in a heavy shower
East Anglia
blashy
of a day: wet
north-east England
blatter
to rain heavily, noisily; also to beat, thrash
Galloway
bleach
of rain and snow: to lash, blow in your face
North Sea coast
bleeterie
showery
Scots
blirt
short dash of rain coming with a gust of wind
Scots
boinneartaich
isolated drops of rain
Gaelic
brais
sudden heavy shower of rain
Irish
braon
heavy shower at the beginning of summer, favourable to the growth of plants and crops
Gaelic
brenner
sudden sharp gust of wind and rain on the water
Suffolk
brishum, briskeno
rain
Anglo-Romani
chucking, henting,
hooning, hossing,
hoying, kelching,
lashing, pissing,
wazzing it down
raining hard
English, Scots, with countless regional variants
cith
,
cith-uisge
shower of warm, drizzling rain
Gaelic
ciùran
drizzling rain
Gaelic
clagarnach
clatter; noise of heavy rain on an iron roof
Irish
dabbledy
of a day: showery
Herefordshire
dag
to spit with rain
North Sea coast
dibble
to rain slowly in drops
Shropshire
dimpsey
low cloud with fine drizzle
Cornwall, Devon
dinge
drizzle or rain mistily
East Anglia
down-come, down-faw
fall of rain
Yorkshire
dravely
of a day: showery
Suffolk
dreich
dull, overcast, misty, cold
Scots
dribs
rain which falls in drops from the eaves of thatched houses
Leicestershire, Northamptonshire
dringey
light rain that still manages to get you soaking wet
Lincolnshire
drizzle
fine precipitation with droplets less than 0.5mm in diameter
meteorological
drochy
warm, moist, misty
Galloway
drookit
soaked, drowned
Doric
dropple
to rain in large drops
Northamptonshire
flist
sudden squall with heavy rain
Scots
frisk
gentle rain
Exmoor
gagey
showery weather, unsettled and changeable
south-east England
garbh-fhras
boisterous shower
Gaelic
gleamy
showers and fitful sunshine
Essex
glìbheid
mixture of rain, sleet and hail
Gaelic
glut
long stretch of wet weather
Northamptonshire
gulching
downpour of rain
Essex
haitch
slight passing shower
Sussex
heavy rain
rainfall with a precipitation rate of between 4 and 16mm per hour
meteorological
humidity
very gentle rain
Northern Ireland
hurly-burly
thunder and lightning
England
juggin
raining steadily, not as bad as
kelching
Lincolnshire
land-lash
high winds and heavy rain
English
lattin, letty
enough rain to make outdoor work difficult (as in ‘let and hindrance’)
Shropshire and Somerset respectively
leasty
of weather: dull, wet
Suffolk
light rain
rainfall with a precipitation rate of between 0.25 and 1mm per hour
meteorological
lummin
raining heavily
Galloway
mì-chàilear
even more
dreich
than
dreich
Gaelic
misla
,
misla-in
rain, raining
Shelta (Irish traveller dialect)
mizzling
raining lightly and finely
north-west England
moderate rain
rainfall with a precipitation rate of between 1 and 4mm per hour
meteorological
owdrey
overcast, cloudy
Exmoor
pash
heavy fall of rain or snow
northern England
payling
wind-driven shower
Northamptonshire
perry
wet squall
Lincolnshire
planets
extremely localized rain, falling on one field but not another, is said to fall in
planets
Northamptonshire
plothering
raining heavily
Leicestershire
plype
heavy sudden shower
Scots
posh
strong shower
Shropshire
rain
precipitation with droplets of 0.5mm or more
meteorological
scoor
shower of rain
Scotland
scud
light, quickly passing shower
Herefordshire
serein
fine rain falling from an apparently cloudless sky
meteorological
shatter
scattering or sprinkling of rain
Kent
shuggi
drizzly
Shetland
skat
brief shower
Northamptonshire
skew
driving but short-lived rain
Cornwall
skiff
light shower
Northern Ireland
slappy
rainy
West Yorkshire
slottery
of weather: foul, rainy
Exmoor
smirr
extremely fine, misty rain, close to smoke in appearance when seen from a distance
Scots
smither
light rain
East Anglia
soft
of weather: overcast, lightly misty or drizzly
Hiberno-English
teem
to rain
Northumberland
thunder-lump
rain-cloud hanging over a place
Shetland
thunner-pash
heavy shower, with thunder
Durham
upcasting
uprising of clouds above the horizon, threatening rain
North Sea coast
very heavy rain
rainfall with a precipitation rate of between 16 and 50mm per hour
meteorological
very light rain
rainfall with a precipitation rate of less than 0.25mm per hour
meteorological
virga
observable streak or shaft of precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the ground
meteorological
water-dogs, messengers
,
small floating clouds separated from larger masses, which signal rain
Norfolk, Northamptonshire
watery-headed
anxious about rain
Essex
weet
to rain slightly
Cheshire
wetchered
wet through after being caught out in the rain
Lincolnshire
williwaw
sudden violent squall
nautical

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