Authors: Gail Levin
A Note About Sources
1. Conrad, born Earl Cohen in 1912, was by then the author of books about the prison experience of Haywood Patterson, one of the Scottsboro Boys; a biography of the abolitionist Harriet Tubman; a book called
Jim Crow America
, and other books.
2. Oscar Collier to Lee Krasner, letter of 3-28-1967, on letterhead of Fleet Publishing Corporation, LKP, AAA, roll 3771, frame 1139.
3. 1995-Friedman, xiâxiii.
4. To cite just a few examples of errors of fact, 1996-Wagner, 107, wrote that Krasner “was born Lenore Krassnerâ¦. she occasionally adoptedâ¦the romantic âLena.'” Yet the opposite is the case; Lee Krasner's given name was Lena and she adopted Lenore is high school. In a family photograph taken in Shpikov (not located “just north of Odessa,” as is so often stated) before the family came to America, 1989-Naifeh, 368, finds “Lena on her father's knee,” when in fact, she was not yet born. LKCR, 301, reports “Krasner was skeptical about Ruth's marrying William Stein [their sister's widower] because of her age (fourteen), when in fact she was eighteen in 1929 and, 311, an incorrect date for when she began seeing a therapist. 1996-Wagner, 138, gives 1942 as the date Krasner and Pollock met, which is 1941, except for their earlier meeting at a party in the 1930s; she gives the date of their marriage as 1944, when it is 1945.
5. 1989-Naifeh, 371.
6. 1995-Gabor, 69.
7. Frances Patiky Stein to the author, 1-17-2007. Diana Burroughs, who was married to Pollock's nephew, Jason McCoy, also recalled that Ruth and Lee did not get along (interview with the author, 1-21-2010). Ruth lied about her age and the date of her marriage. Her view of Krasner family dynamics was not shared by others whom I interviewed.
8. 1996-Wagner, 134
9. 1996-Wagner, 134
10. 1989-Naifeh, 857.
11. B. H. Friedman to the author, 4-13-2007 and 4-1-2010. The couple in Friedman's novel, set in the 1960s, are Jeff MacMaster, a leading photojournalist and his wife, Edys Askin, who was not an artist.
12. 1989-Naifeh, 393, taken from B. H. Friedman,
Almost a Life
(New York: The Viking Press, 1975), 162.
13. 1989-Naifeh, 395 and 857, source note; 1975-Friedman, 162.
14. 1989-Naifeh, 708. 1995-Gabor, 44.
15. 1989-Naifeh, 708, and repeated by 2004-Stevens, 335. The sources for this account, as acknowledged by Naifeh and Smith, were LK herself and Fritz Bultman, both of whom were dead before their book was published. See also Patti Doten, “A Lurid Picture of Jackson Pollock,”
Boston Globe,
February 22, 1990, 73, 78.
16. 1995-Gabor, 44. Among others, Gabor interviewed LK and Jeanne Bultman.
17. Author's interviews with Jeanne Bultman, 4-23-2007 and 7-28-2007.
18. Lee Krasner to the author, 8-29-1977, outtake for Barbara Rose film. See also 1979-Munro, 108.
19. 2004-Stevens, 129â130. Their endnote cites Bultman's interview of January with Irving Sandler, 1-6-1968, AAA.
20. 1968-Bultman.
21. 1968-McNeil.
22. 1970-Sandler, omitted Krasner except in his acknowledgments as “Lee Krasner Pollock” in a list of persons interviewed and in the creditsâas the owner of some art works by Pollock that are reproduced.
23. These books by Sandler include
The New York School: The Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties
(New York: Harper & Row, 1979) and
American Art of the 1960's
(New York: HarperCollins, 1989).
24. 2009-Sandler, 229, note 86.
25. 2009-Sandler, 229.
26. 1990-Anfam, 15.
27. 1990-Anfam, 122.
28. 1997-Gibson, ix.
29. 2008-Küster, 72.
30. Ulf Küster to the author, spring 2008.
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.
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Note: Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations.
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Abel, Lionel, 65, 76, 77, 87, 110, 116
Adler, Pamela, 399
Albee, Edward, 2, 380, 403, 434, 437, 440, 446, 451
Albers, Anni, 421
Albright, Ivan Le Lorraine, 224
Albright, Thomas, 445
Alfieri, Bruno, 265
American Abstract Artists (AAA), 103, 131â32, 143â46, 148, 150â51, 153â54, 164, 175, 180, 184, 194, 206, 238, 239
American Artists Congress, 104, 106, 111, 135
American Friends of Spanish Democracy, 112
American Watercolor Society, 229
Ames, Elizabeth, 90
Appel, Karel, 322, 328, 404
Appelhof, Ruth, 371, 404â5
Arbus, Diane, 395
Armory Show (1913), 166, 246
Armstrong, Louis, 180
Armstrong, Tom, 433â34
Arp, Jean, 180, 198, 220
art:
abstract, 113, 152, 184, 198, 264, 291, 357
abstract expressionism, 3, 5, 9â10, 12, 131, 226, 244, 265, 318, 351, 355, 362, 390, 399â400, 402, 410â11, 415, 416â17, 418, 419, 421â22, 444, 445â46, 447
action painting, 3, 278â79, 287â88, 354â55, 359, 382, 445
avant-garde, 100â101, 136, 144, 198, 239
color-field painting, 349â50
Conceptualism, 412
cubism, 123, 125, 127, 128, 182, 220, 221, 223, 238, 325, 412
Dada, 196, 325
federal support of, 82, 86â88, 94, 97, 121, 148
“The Irascibles,” 263, 264, 363
modernism, 7, 67, 136, 188, 194, 256, 265, 411
and nationalism, 72â73, 110, 114, 391, 434
Neoplasticism, 180, 181, 182, 186
primitive, 149
Social Realist, 91, 106, 110, 113
Surrealism, 98, 100â101, 102, 124, 139, 167, 168, 196, 198, 199â200, 205, 224, 229, 351, 390, 416
Synchromists, 83
Art for the People, 104
Art Front,
86, 88, 114
Artists Club, 260, 272
Artists Union, 73, 74, 85â86, 88, 94, 97, 103, 106â8, 111, 114, 118, 121, 130â31, 175
Art of This Century, New York, 6, 200, 208, 210, 212, 219, 224â26, 240, 246, 253
Art Students League, 49â50, 83, 103, 166, 172, 206
Ashton, Dore, 275, 407
Avery, Milton, 212
Aylon, Helene, 425
Â
Baker, A. T., 398â99
Bandes, Lucille, 404
Barnet, Will, 330
Baro, Gene, 403
Barr, Alfred H., Jr., 66, 101, 135, 224, 226, 317, 380
Bayer, Herbert, 190
Baziotes, William, 199, 200, 205, 419, 445
Bearden, Romare, 404
Becker, Maurice, 90
Bell, Daniel, 26
Bengelsdorf, Rosalind, 134, 143
Benn, Ben, 194â95
Benner, Dyne, 405â6
Bennett, Evelyn, 428â29
Bennett, Gwendolyn, 35
Bennett, Joan, 158
Bennett, Ward, 213
Bennington College, Vermont, 284, 286
Benton, Rita, 280
Benton, Thomas Hart, 73, 83, 155, 170, 194, 242, 264, 271
Berezov, Maurice, 117, 179, 327
Bernstein, Pearl, 194
Besant, Annie, 170
Betty Parsons Gallery, New York City, 246, 250, 426, 466
Bignou, Ãtienne, 68
Blaine, Nell, 319
Blake, Peter, 266, 362
Blavatsky, Madame Helena Petrovna, 170
Bliss, Lillie P., 66
Block, Irving, 85
Block, Paul, 112, 118, 120
Bloom, Suzanne, 445
Bluhm, Norman, 353
Bodenheim, Maxwell, 77â78
Bolotowsky, Ilya, 54, 56, 62, 69â70, 93, 131, 148, 149, 150, 184, 290, 396
Bonnard, Pierre, 165, 178
Bontecou, Lee, 357
Bosch, Hieronymus, 224
Bourdon, David, 410â11
Bourgeois, Louise, 392, 393, 421
Bourke-White, Margaret, 145
Bowden, Harry, 249, 250
Brach, Paul, 281â82, 321, 390
Braider, Carol, 293, 307, 441â42
Braider, Donald, 293
Brancusi, Constantin, 151
Brandt, Warren, 385
Braque, Georges, 123, 127, 144, 151, 165, 178, 217, 325
Brauer, Carl F., 254
Breton, André, 139, 198, 199, 225
Bridgman, George Brant, 50, 67
Brodovitch, Alexey, 155, 261
Brook, Alexander, 258, 266, 291
Brooklyn Museum, 4, 408â9
Brookner, Anita, 357
Brooks, Charlotte, 308, 434, 449
Brooks, James, 240, 247, 258, 261, 262, 291, 306, 316, 368, 385, 397, 434, 449
Browder, Earl, 116
Brown, G. Baldwin, 221
Browne, Byron, 54, 56, 132, 134, 138, 143, 148, 149, 203
Browner, Juliet, 88â89
Bruce, Edward, 86
Bruce, Patrick Henry, 430
Bryson, Bernarda, 108
Bultman, Fritz, 81, 103, 129, 134, 135, 141â42, 147, 174â75, 188, 213, 241, 270, 296, 316, 355, 361
Bultman, Jeanne Lawson, 195, 213, 316, 356
Bunce, Lou, 166â67, 181
Bunshaft, Gordon, 362
Buñuel, Luis,
Un Chien Andalou,
101
Burchfield, Charles, 72
Burliuk, David, 165, 166
Burroughs, Diana, 449
Â
Café Society Uptown, 180â82
Calder, Alexander, 146, 156, 208, 210, 211, 216
Campbell, Lawrence, 168, 383â84
Cardonsky, Darby, 441, 446
Carles, Arthur B., 120, 213, 228, 239
Carles, Jeanne Mercedes Cordoba (Matter), 120, 129, 132, 135, 147, 152, 155â56, 158, 160, 168, 172â73, 189, 203, 204, 205, 206, 209, 212â14, 215, 218, 233, 252, 279â82, 288
Caro, Anthony, 370
Carone, Nicolas, 303, 308
Carrington, Leonora, 224, 253
Cassatt, Mary, 349
Cassou, Jean, 136
Castelli, Leo, 272, 337
Catt, Carrie Chapman, 45
Cavaliere, Barbara, 416, 420, 432
Cavallon, Giorgio, 54, 56, 62, 321, 368, 394
Cézanne, Paul, 48, 67â68, 70, 71, 102, 103
Chareau, Pierre, 229
Chase, William Merritt, 67
Cheim, John, 438, 442
Chicago, Judy, 390â91, 395, 414, 444
Chirico, Giorgio de, 98, 100, 101, 114, 165, 178
Christofanetti, Lucia, 229
Chryssa, 393
Chwatsky, Ann, 439â40
Cincinnati Art Museum, 2098
City College of New York, 74â75, 76, 82
Clark, Sir Kenneth, 356, 371â72
Coates, Robert M., 201, 268
Colbert, Claudette, 39
Cole, John, 315
Coleman, Ornette, 341
Collins, Judy, 298, 313
Collins, Pat, 165, 166
Cologne Museum, 438
Communist Party, 73â74, 85, 95, 98, 105, 106â8, 110â11, 113, 187, 321
Connolly, Jean, 201
Cooper, Douglas, 310
Cooper, Peter, 41
Cooper Union, 41â50, 390, 401
The Pioneer
(student newspaper), 44â45, 48
Corbusier, Le, 265
Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 403
Covey, Arthur, 54
Craven, Thomas, 73, 154
Crosman, Christophe, 109
Cunningham, Bill, 356
Curran, Charles Courtney, 58, 65, 69, 70
Â
DalÃ, Salvador, 101, 224, 447
Daumier, Honoré, 106
Daunis, Laurel, 402
Davie, Alan, 304
Davis, Stuart, 103, 116, 120, 148, 165, 166, 203, 239
de Kooning, Elaine Fried, 251, 259, 267, 272, 281â82, 291, 293, 320, 328, 368, 394, 406
de Kooning, Willem, 3, 59, 80, 82, 88â89, 95, 103â4, 111, 115, 128, 130, 131, 132, 136, 143, 148, 164, 165, 173, 178, 203, 204, 239, 251, 259, 260, 267, 280â82, 287, 291, 293, 307, 322, 327â28, 355, 363, 394â95, 397, 405, 407, 420, 428, 435, 437, 442, 445, 447
Delaunay, Robert, 71, 123â24
Delaunay, Sonia, 71, 393
Delvaux, Paul, 224
Derain, André, 165, 178
De Stijl,
127, 180
Devree, Howard, 267, 284
Diamonstein, Barbaralee, 416
Diaz, Virginia, 165, 166
Dickinson, Sydney Edward, 67
Dickler, Gerald, 344, 359, 360, 449
Diller, Burgoyne, 116, 120, 130, 144
Dobrovolskaya, Nina Michailovna, 59, 60, 159
Doesburg, Theo van, 180
Dolan, Bobby, 99
Dove, Arthur, 239
Downs, Cile, 296, 299â300, 304, 308, 321, 339, 344, 408
Downtown Gallery, New York City, 166
Dragon, Ted, 256, 260, 266, 270, 272, 337â38, 380, 403, 449
Drew, Virginia, 78
Drewes, Werner, 132, 150, 239
Duble, Lu, 206
Duboff, Sam,
289
Dubuffet, Jean, 278, 328, 339, 340
Duchamp, Marcel, 102, 156, 196, 201, 224, 226
Dudensing, Valentine, 115, 179
Dune Hame Cottage, Watch Hill, 405â6
Dunoyer de Segonzac, 165, 178
Durieux, Caroline, 421
Dykaar, Moses Weiner, 49
Dzubas, Friedel, 304
Â
Eames, Charles, 205, 206, 213
Eames, Ray Kaiser “Buddha,” 8, 129, 203, 204, 205â6, 212â13, 239, 381, 443
El Greco, 157, 363
Eliot, T. S., 162, 228, 404
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 76, 350, 351
Emmerich, André, 438
Englesmith, Tejas, 371â72
Ernst, Jimmy, 8, 200, 205, 224, 229, 385, 434, 440
Ernst, Max, 200, 216, 224, 229, 243, 259
Erskine, Halley, 331
Evergood, Philip, 106
Â
FBI, 109, 321â22
Federal Art Project, 86â87, 103, 113, 120, 121, 175
Feeley, Paul and Helen, 286
Ferber, Herbert, 54
Ferren, John, 239
Fine, Perle, 126, 129, 179, 320, 327, 329, 381, 385, 396, 406
Fini, Leonor, 253, 392
Flack, Audrey, 306â7, 406
Flint, Ralph, 71
Forge, Andrew, 374
Forgey, Benjamin, 403
Fox, Ruth, 270â71, 276
Frankenstein, Alfred, 387
Frankenthaler, Helen, 283, 284, 286, 294, 309, 310, 311, 316, 319, 350, 353, 357, 409
Franzese, Therese, 369
Frank K.M. Rehn Gallery, New York City, 91
Franklin Siden Gallery, Detroit, 369
Freas, Jean, 284â86
Freed, Hermine, 397
Frelinghuysen, Suzy, 99, 151, 152, 239, 392
French & Company, 331â36, 399, 420
Freud, Sigmund, 295, 297, 306
Frick, Helen, 42
Friedan, Betty, 410
Friedman, Abby, 316, 321, 350
Friedman, B. H., 102, 107, 168, 172, 174, 241, 296, 307, 316, 321, 323, 329â30, 350, 355, 371, 397â98, 403, 441
Friedman, Sanford (Sandy), 328â29, 331, 344, 350, 355, 358, 360â61, 369, 380, 437
Â
Gallatin, Albert E., 151
Gallery 67, New York City, 216, 220
Gauguin, Paul, 67, 68
Gee's Bend, Alabama, quilting collective, 378
Geist, Sidney, 309
Geldzahler, Henry, 446
Gellert, Hugo, 113
Genauer, Emily, 275, 351
Gersing, Esther (Krasner), 448
Giacometti, Alberto, 135, 268
Gibbs, David,
339,
340â47, 353, 354, 355, 356â57, 359, 360â62, 375, 376, 379, 403, 406, 443
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 46
Gilot, Françoise, 259
Gimpel, Charles, 309, 310
Gimpel, Kay, 310
Girls' High School, Brooklyn, 34â35, 36
Glarner, Fritz, 368
Glickman, Rena (Rusty Kanokogi), 2, 134,
367,
449, 450
Glickman, Seymour, 450
Glimcher, Arnold, 407, 420, 437, 438
Glueck, Grace, 383, 384, 393, 415, 439
Goldberg, Michael, 326
Goldwaithe, (Helena) Anne, 118
Goncharova, Natalia, 393
Goodman, Job, 83â84, 87, 126, 171
Goodnough, Robert, 275
Gorelick, Boris, 56, 73, 74, 81, 85
Gorky, Arshile, 3, 103â4, 111, 113, 115, 120, 128, 131â32, 134, 143, 148, 149, 155, 164, 178, 199â200, 205, 212, 218, 220, 252, 260, 280, 420
Gosling, Nigel, 373
Gotfryd, Bernard, 442, 447
Gottlieb, Adolph, 205, 220, 238, 245, 258, 322, 385, 394, 397, 445
Gottlieb, Harry, 94, 120
Gould, Joe, 77
Gower, Joseph, 114
Goya, Francisco de, 39, 106, 310
Graham, John D., 103, 149, 164â66, 178, 186â87, 203, 221, 308, 309, 408
Grandville, J. J., 101
Graves, Morris, 212
Graves, Nancy, 381
Great Depression, 64â65, 72, 73â74, 80, 81â82, 84â85, 93, 97, 110â11
Greenberg, Clement, 2, 3, 128â29, 139, 168, 201, 218, 240â41, 244, 267, 270, 272, 276, 279, 281â82, 283, 284, 286, 288, 294â95, 296, 304, 311, 312, 313, 319, 331, 332â36, 342, 343â45, 350, 353, 355, 371, 379, 394, 399, 406, 420
Greenberg, David, 448
Greenberg, Jenny, 334, 343
Greene, Balcomb, 73, 81, 88, 113, 114, 143, 154, 175, 180, 258, 291, 327
Greene, Gertrude “Peter” Glass, 63, 73, 88, 99, 143, 150, 392
Greene, Stephen, 104
Greuze, Jean-Baptiste, 102
Gribetz, Joel and Helen, 289â90
Gris, Juan, 325
Groh, Alan, 302
Gropper, William, 106, 111, 114, 187
Gruen, John, 387
Grünwald, Matthias, 224
Guggenheim, Benjamin, 198
Guggenheim, Pegeen [Vail], 218, 229
Guggenheim, Peggy, 6, 197â202,
197,
207, 208â13, 216, 218â20, 225â26, 229, 233â34, 239â40, 246â47, 250, 264, 265, 310, 357â58, 376
Guggenheim, Solomon, 188, 197, 294
Guglielmi, Louis, 224
Guild Hall, East Hampton, 258, 261, 291, 377, 385, 396â97, 435, 440, 441
Guston, Musa, 316
Guston, Philip, 245, 280, 316
Â
Halpert, Edith, 166
Haney, James Parton, 37â38
Hantman, Murray, 114
Harden, Marcia Gay, 1
Hare, David, 225, 321
Harnoncourt, René d', 157
Harris, Ann Sutherland, 408, 421
Harris, Ed, 1
Hartigan, Grace, 250â51, 257, 272, 276, 319, 328, 337, 381, 409
Hartley, Marsden, 255
Hauke, Frederick, 207
Hauke, Janet, 206â7
Hayter, Stanley William, 226â27, 273, 315